本論文是針對插棒加線圈型管式超過濾器中改變線圈距離來作濾速的分析與研究。透過同心模組插入一繞線圈之鋼棒，引起管狀膜組中的紊流，會產生二種效應。首先，對於濃度極化的減少而減少滲透作用阻力，有益超過濾的濾速提升，但是，由於摩擦損失的增加使得平均透膜壓差的減少，則會不利於超過濾的進行。本實驗中沿管軸方向適度改變了線圈的距離，以期既能減小過濾阻力且尚能有效保留透膜壓差強度，以達到更好的濾速提高效果。實驗中所採用之溶質為Dextran T500。並藉由改變進口溶液的濃度、體積流率、透膜壓差以及沿通道改變線圈距離得到一系列的實驗值。由實驗結果證實，在特定條件下，適當的改變線圈間的距離，對於濾速的提升有更好的效果。

The effect of operating conditions on the permeate flux in a ringed-rod tubular ultrafilter has been investigated. Creating turbulent flow in the tubular membrane module by inserting concentrically a steel rod wrapped with several wire rings has two conflict effect. One, the decrease in resistance to permeation due to reduction in concentration polarization, is good for ultrafiltration, while the other, the decrease in average transmembrane pressure due to increase in friction pressure loss, is bad for ultrafiltration. Experiments for the ultrafiltration of Dextran T500 aqueous solution were carried out. Considerable enhancement of performance was achieved by gradually changing the ring distance of fixed ring number, instead of uniform distance. This is because that along the flow channel, the thickness of the concentration polarization layer increases while the transmembrane pressure decreases.

圖索引			IV
表索引			VI 
第一章 序論		1
	1-1 薄膜的定義與分類		1
	1-2 薄膜超過濾		         6
	1-3 薄膜分離驅動力之種類		9
         1-4 研究目標                        12
第二章 文獻回顧		                 13
    2-1 影響濾速的因素		        13
	2-1.1 壓力		        13
         2-1.2 溶液濃度		        13
	2-1.3 溫度		        14
         2-1.4 流速的影響		        14
	2-1.5 薄膜材質的影響	        15
    2-2 濃度極化現象與結垢現象	        17
         2-2.1 濃度極化現象		        17
         2-2.2 結垢		        18
    2-3 提升濾速的方法		        18
     2-3.1 薄膜材質		        19
	2-3.2 流體操作		        19
	2-3.3 清洗程序		        25
    2-4 超過濾的應用		        29
         2-4.1 半導體工業		        29
         2-4.2 生技工業		        29
     2-4.3 表面處理工業		        30
     2-4.4 食品工業		        30
第三章 理論分析		                 31
3-1 濾速模式分析		                 31
 3-1.1 滲透壓模式		                 32
	3-1.2 膠層極化模式		        33
     3-1.3 阻力串聯模式		        36
	3-1.4 雙曲線正切模式	        37
	3-1.5 指數模式		        37
3-2 理論部份		                 37
3-3 線圈分布之改變		                 41
第四章 實驗裝置與方法		        43
4-1 實驗裝置		                 43
4-2 各種操作條件		                 47
4-3 實驗步驟及方法		                 47
4-4 注意事項		                 49
第五章 實驗結果與討論		        50
    5-1 純水濾速與薄膜阻力		        51
    5-2  及 之求法		                 54
5-3 濾速之提高率		                 57
5-4  線圈由疏到密排列時對濾速提升的影響     78
5-4  線圈由密到疏排列時對濾速提升的影響     79
第六章 結論		                80
符號說明			                82
參考文獻			                85
附錄 Dextran T500 溶液之濾速實驗值	       90

 
圖索引


圖1-1  對稱膜與非對稱膜之比較圖	5
圖1-2  掃流超過濾系統示意圖	8
圖1-3  各種分離程序處理粒徑能力配置圖	11
圖 2-1 操作參數對濾速之關係圖	16
圖2-2  流體產生亂流的例子	22
圖2-3  Mavrov的實驗中置入模管之錐形桿示意圖	23
圖2-4  逆洗程序示意圖	27
圖2-5  逆洗程序對濾速之影響	28
圖3-1   超過濾薄膜之膠層濃度分佈曲線圖	34
圖3-2   影響薄膜過濾之各種阻力示意圖	38
圖3-3    流體流動於捆線套管中之示意圖	40
圖4-1    實驗裝置圖	45
圖5-1   純水濾速圖	53
圖5-2  疏到密時   ci=0.1 Qi=1.67    62
圖5-3  疏到密時  ci=0.1 Qi=2.50     	63
圖5-4  疏到密時  ci=0.1 Qi=3.33     64
圖5-5  疏到密時  ci=0.1 Qi=4.17    65
圖5-6  疏到密時  ci=0.5 Qi=1.67     66
圖5-7  疏到密時 	 ci=0.5 Qi=2.50	67
圖5-8  疏到密時 ci=0.5 Qi=3.33	68
圖5-9  密到疏時  ci=0.5 Qi=4.17      69
圖5-10 密到疏時  ci=0.1 Qi=1.67      70
圖5-11 密到疏時  ci=0.1 Qi=2.50	71
圖5-12 密到疏時 ci=0.1 Qi=3.33	72
圖5-13 密到疏時 ci=0.1 Qi=4.17	73
圖5-14 密到疏時 ci=0.5 Qi=1.67	74
圖5-15 密到疏時 ci=0.5 Qi=2.50      75
圖5-16 密到疏時  ci=0.5 Qi=3.33	76
圖5-17 密到疏時 ci=0.5 Qi=4.17       77

表索引


表1-1   依各種驅動力劃分之薄膜程序	        10
表5-1   純水濾速之實驗值	                  52
表5-2   不同操作條件下之&值	                  55
表5-3   不同操作條件下之Rf值	         56
表5-4   線圈間距疏到密時濾速之提高率 ci=0.1	58
表5-5   線圈間距疏到密時濾速之提高率 ci=0.5	59
表5-6   線圈間距密到疏時濾速之提高率 ci=0.1	60
表5-7   線圈間距密到疏時濾速之提高率 ci=0.5	61

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