由於環保意識抬頭，電動車在世界各地日益盛行，其關鍵材料鋰電池的原料鋰也備受矚目，當今全球有超過半數的鋰資源都聚集在智利、阿根廷和玻利維亞，但是三國的鋰產業發展卻相差甚遠，因此本研究先梳理全球鋰資源的概況，再進一步聚焦三國各自的鋰產業發展，以法規和政策檢視彼此在發展過程中所擁有的優點與缺點。

    另一方面，智利、阿根廷和玻利維亞在開採鋰資源時還面臨諸多挑戰，就國內而言，鹽沼的過度開發不僅衍生出水資源問題，也影響了周圍原住民族的相關權利。從國外來看，近年來各國均大力推行潔淨能源，其中，中國更是制訂多項能源戰略與產業計畫，以獲得其在國際上話語權，因此智利、阿根廷和玻利維亞勢必將面臨更多國際間的政治角力。故本文以國際法、社區案例、國際情勢等多方面向審思開採鋰資源對鋰三角所帶來的負面影響。

Due to the rising awareness of environmental conservation, electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular across the globe. The key material of lithium batteries, lithium, is also attracting attention. Today, more than half of the world’s lithium resources are concentrated in Chile, Argentina and Bolivia, however, the development of the lithium industry in these three countries is different. Therefore, this research first gives an oversight of global lithium resources, then further focuses on the development of the lithium industry in these three countries. Finally it examines the advantages and disadvantages of each country in their development process of laws and policies.
 
     Secondly, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia still face many challenges regarding the exploitation of lithium resources. Domestically, the overexploitation of salt marshes not only creates water resource problems, but also affects the rights of the surrounding indigenous people. From a international perspective, in recent year many countries have ardently promoted the use of clean energy. Among them, China has formulated a number of energy strategies and industrial plans to gain international footing. Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia are bound to face more international challenges and political struggle. Therefore, this article uses international laws, international situations, and community cases to delve into the negative impact of lithium mining on the lithium triangle.

目錄
第一章 緒論	1
第一節  研究動機與目的	1
第二節  研究方法與架構	3
第二章 全球鋰資源概況	5
第一節  蘊藏與生產	5
第二節  需求與回收	11
第三節  全球貿易	19
第三章 「鋰三角」的鋰礦發展	31
第一節  智利	32
第二節  阿根廷	40
第三節  玻利維亞	44
第四章 「鋰三角」的內憂外患	51
第一節  環境與社會問題	51
第二節  中國新能源佈局	62
第五章 結論	71
參考文獻	77

圖目錄
圖2 1 全球鋰資源數據變化（2009-2019）	6
圖2 2 全球鋰資源分佈（2019）	7
圖2 3 除美國之外，主要開採國的鋰開採量加總（2009-2019）	10
圖2 4 礦山和鹽水供應碳酸鋰的估算（2018-2022）	11
圖2 5 鋰的全球市場最終用途（2010-2019）	12
圖2 6 碳酸鋰的需求估算（2018-2022）	15
圖2 7 從含鋰礦石中回收鋰的流程	16
圖2 8 全球鋰商品的貿易流動	19
圖2 9 碳酸鋰和氫氧化鋰價格走勢	29
圖3 1 阿根廷碳酸鋰出口每公斤的價格（左軸）和平均價格（右軸）的演變（2010-2017）	40
圖3 2 阿根廷氯化鋰出口每公斤的價格（左軸）和平均價格（右軸）的演變（2010-2017）	41
圖3 3 烏尤尼鹽沼財政儲備劃定演變	46
圖4 1 阿塔卡馬鹽沼附近的社區位置	54
圖4 2 S.P.A的總蓄水量（2002-2017）	55
圖4 3 S.P.A的鋰提取、觀光業和家庭使用的估計用水量（2002-2017）	55
圖4 4 全球可再生能源和燃料投資（2008-2018）	62

表目錄
表2 1 全球氧化鋰、氫氧化鋰貿易以及主要的出口國	20
表2 2 全球氧化鋰、氫氧化鋰貿易以及主要的進口國	21
表2 3 全球碳酸鋰貿易以及主要的出口國	23
表2 4 全球碳酸鋰貿易以及主要的進口國	24
表2 5 全球鋰離子電池貿易以及主要的出口國	26
表2 6 全球鋰離子電池貿易以及主要的進口國	27
表3 1 鋰三角資源、儲量、產量（2009、2019）	31
表3 2 智利鋰化合物產量（2010-2019）	32
表3 3 智利碳酸鋰貿易金額（2010-2019）	33
表3 4 智利有關鋰的法令（1975-1983）	34
表3 5 CORFO與私人採礦公司的新合約比較	39
表4 1 能源結構對照（2010、2016）	65
表5 1 鋰三角在鋰產業上的優缺比較與共同問題	71

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