本論文探討太陽能電源管理系統之非反向升降壓轉換器之穩定性分析。我們所設計的轉換器可以由降壓模式、升壓模式與升降壓模式中依據輸入的電壓不同來做切換。太陽能板在大氣條件與陽光入射角的不同下，太陽能板電壓輸出會有很大的變化。論文中分別對三種模式與不同的參數做增益裕度(Gain Margin)與相位裕度(Phase Margin)之分析，可以觀察到各參數對系統之影響，主要的參數為電容、電感與負載。這種切換式的系統我們把它描述成馬可夫跳躍系統(Markov jump system)的型式，在仔細選擇我們的系統參數後，我們可以確保此系統的增益與相位裕度，同時滿足均方穩定(mean square stability)的需求。最後我們把此非反向升降壓轉換器應用於太陽能電源管理系統上，來從太陽能板上獲取最大的能量。

This paper presents the stability analysis of a non-inverting synchronous buck-boost DC/DC power converter for a solar power management system. The system can operate in buck, buck-boost or boost mode according to the condition of the supply voltage. The variation of the supply voltage arises from the rapid changes of the atmospheric condition or sunlight incident angle. The stability margins of each individual operation mode for different system parameters (inductor, capacitor) and load conditions are analyzed first. The results show that the stability margins depend on the inductor and capacitor selected for the converter and depend on the load conditions also. The systems are then modeled as Markov jump systems for evaluating the mean square stability of the systems. With careful selection of the system parameters, adequate stability margins of each individual operation mode and mean square stability of the jump system can be assured. The buck-boost converter is incorporated into the solar power battery management system to maximize the utility of the available solar power drawn from the solar panel.

Contents
Chinses Abstract……………………………………………………………………...I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………II
Contents ......................................................................................................................III
List of Tables...............................................................................................................IV
List of Figures..............................................................................................................V
Chapter 1 ......................................................................................................................1
Introduction..................................................................................................................1
Chapter 2 ......................................................................................................................4
Synchronous Buck-Boost Converter Background ....................................................4
Chapter 3 ......................................................................................................................8
Dynamic Characteristics .............................................................................................8
Chapter 4 ....................................................................................................................42
Mean Square Stability Analysis ................................................................................42
Chapter 5 ....................................................................................................................46
Battery Management Application ............................................................................46
5.1 Design Consideration...................................................................................46
5.2 Flowchart of Battery Management ............................................................49
5.3 Schematic of Battery Management ............................................................55
Chapter 6 ....................................................................................................................60
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................60
Reference ....................................................................................................................61
Appendix.....................................................................................................................63

List of Tables
Table 1 Summaries of the Stability Margins.............................................40
Table 2 Summaries of the Stability Margins.............................................41
Table 3 Indicated light of batteries checking............................................53

List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Configuration of the solar power management system................3
Figure 1-2 Solar power variations due to rapid changes of the atmosphere
condition ................................................................................................3
Figure 2-1 Synchronous non-inverting buck-boost power converter ............4
Figure 2-2 Buck Mode Operation (a) Inductor charge (b) Inductor discharge
................................................................................................................5
Figure 2-3 Boost Mode Operation (a) Inductor charge (b) Inductor
discharge ................................................................................................6
Figure 2-4 Buck-Boost Mode Operation (a) Inductor charge (b) Inductor
discharge ................................................................................................7
Figure 3-1 Buck mode during charging state.................................................8
Figure 3-2 Buck mode during discharging state ..........................................10
Figure 3-3 Boost mode during charging state..............................................13
Figure 3-4 Boost mode during discharging state .........................................14
Figure 3-5 Buck-boost mode during charging state.....................................17
Figure 3-6 Buck-boost mode during discharging state ................................19
Figure 3-7 Bode of Buck mode with C changed..........................................22
Figure 3-8 Stability margin of Buck mode with C changed ........................22
Figure 3-9 Bode of Boost mode with C changed.........................................23
Figure 3-10 Stability margin of Boost mode with C changed .....................23
Figure 3-11 Bode of Buck-Boost mode with C changed .............................24
Figure 3-12 Stability margin of Buck-Boost mode with C changed............24
Figure 3-13 Bode of Buck mode with L changed........................................25
Figure 3-14 Stability margin of Buck mode with L changed.......................26
Figure 3-15 Bode of Boost mode with L changed .......................................26
Figure 3-16 Stability margin of Boost mode with L changed......................27
Figure 3-17 Bode of Buck-Boost mode with L changed .............................27
Figure 3-18 Stability margin of Buck-Boost mode with L changed............28
Figure 3-19 Gain Margin of the Boost mode with L and C change.............29
Figure 3-20 Gain Margin of the buck-Boost mode with L and C change....29
Figure 3-21 Gain Margin of the Buck mode with L and C change..............30
Figure 3-22 Phase Margin of the Boost mode with L and C change ...........30
Figure 3-23 Gain Margin of the Buck-Boost mode with L and C change...31
Figure 3-24 Bode of Buck mode with R changed........................................32
Figure 3-25 Stability margin of Buck mode with R changed ......................32
Figure 3-26 Bode of Boost mode with R changed.......................................33
Figure 3-27 Stability margin of Boost mode with R changed .....................33
Figure 3-28 Bode of Buck-Boost mode with R changed.............................34
Figure 3-29 Stability margin of Buck-Boost mode with R changed............34
Figure 3-30 Bode of Buck mode with R changed........................................35
Figure 3-31 Stability margin of Buck mode with R changed ......................36
Figure 3-32 Bode of Boost mode with R changed.......................................36
Figure 3-33 Stability margin of Boost mode with R changed .....................37
Figure 3-34 Bode of Buck-Boost mode with R changed.............................37
Figure 3-35 Stability margin of Buck-Boost mode with R changed............38
Figure 3-36 Stability Margins of the Buck-Boost Power Converter System
for 21 H, L  P C 470P F ..................................................................39
Figure 3-37 Stability Margins of the Buck-Boost Power Converter System
forL 15PH, C 600P F ..................................................................40
Figure 4-1 Markov Jump Linear System with three Operation Modes .......44
Figure 5-1 Functional block diagram of the battery management system...48
Figure 5-2 Li-ion battery modules and relay control structure ....................49
Figure 5-3 Constant current/ voltage control circuitry ................................49
Figure 5-4 Flowchart of battery management..............................................51
Figure 5-5 Flowchart of initialization..........................................................52
Figure 5-6 Flowchart of battery checking....................................................53
Figure 5-7 Flowchart of Charging/Discharging model selection.................54
Figure 5-8 Flowchart of Interrupt ................................................................55
Figure 5-9 Schematic of battery management .............................................56
Figure 5-10 Schematic of PIC16F876A ......................................................57
Figure 5-11 Schematic of MUX Model .......................................................58
Figure 5-12 Schematic of Relay Model .......................................................59

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