UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) 隨著網路逐漸的普及也扮演著個人與家庭網路間的重要角色，數位家庭這名詞變成了未來的趨勢，也成為一個熱門的議題，其中又以微軟主推的UPnP為標準，還由加入UPnP Forum多家廠商共同制定出的家庭網路介面標準。
UPnP提供了自動偵測、零組態自動配置等重要功能。UPnP AV (UPnP Audio / Video) 網路中多媒體檔案做分享時採用串流方式做傳輸檔案或是當下有多種服務請求同時啟用存在時(FTP、Streaming、VoIP)，會遇到不同服務請求運作而導致網路頻寬逐漸不足與服務品質變差等議題。
於是我們基於UPnP QoS(Quality of Service)的架構，加強了原本UPnP QoS Architecture並將此新架構運用在標準無線AP上重新定義出本論文建議之IAP (Intelligent Access Point) 架構，並搭配本論文所提出之UPnP QoS Algorithm來進行網路頻寬的掠奪運算與剩餘頻寬重新分配演算法，使其支援即時監控網路頻寬與動態調整多媒體串流封包傳輸時的頻寬量，並利用IAP與User等裝置兩者間互相配合執行主動偵測與調整來提高網路整體的服務品質，來達到較高頻寬的使用率與本論文所期望之服務品質。
最後可透過模擬結果得知我們所建議之方法可使整體服務品質達到所期望的結果，且也能服務更多提出服務請求的新用戶端，讓整體網路頻寬得以充分運用。

With the gradual prevalence of the Internet, UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) plays an important role between individuals and home network. Nowadays, the term “digital home” has become not only a hot issue but also the future trend. The main standard UPnP was proposed by Microsoft and the common standards for home networking interfaces were further released by UPnP Forum.
Important functions of UPnP include automatic detection and zero-configuration automatic configuration. When UPnP AV (UPnP Audio / Video) shares multimedia files by streaming or a variety of services request at the same time, like FTP, Streaming and VoIP, that will encounter different service request operation gradually lead to lack of network bandwidth and quality of service issues.
Therefore, based on UPnP QoS (Quality of Service) architecture, we strengthen the original one, apply it to standard wireless APs, and propose the IAP (Intelligent Access Point) framework in this paper. Moreover, with our proposed UPnP QoS Algorithm, we can calculate the remaining network bandwidth and re-allocate the bandwidth to support real-time monitoring and to dynamically adjust the bandwidth of multimedia streaming transmissions. In addition, the devices IAP and User are adopted collaboratively for automatic detection and adjustment to enhance the network QoS for higher bandwidth utilization and our desired QoS.
Finally, the simulation results reveal that our proposed method promotes the Qos to the desired level and helps to serve more new clients who request services so that the network bandwidth can be utilized efficiently.

目    錄
第一章  緒論	- 1 -
1.1	前言	- 1 -
1.2	動機與目的	- 2 -
1.3	論文章節架構	- 3 -
第二章  相關研究	- 4 -
2.1	通用隨插即用(Universal Plug and Play)	- 4 -
2.1.1	通用隨插即用(UPnP)元件	- 5 -
2.1.2	通用隨插即用(UPnP)傳輸協定堆疊	- 7 -
2.1.3	UPnP 運作流程	- 10 -
2.2	UPnP AV	- 16 -
2.2.1	UPnP AV元件	- 17 -
2.3	UPnP QoS	- 19 -
第三章  基於智慧型存取點裝置上建置UPnP 服務品質演算法	- 22 -
3.1	系統架構	- 23 -
3.2	基於IAP裝置上初始化設定程序	- 25 -
3.3	IAP主動偵測與調整設定程序	- 27 -
3.4	User主動偵測與調整設定程序	- 29 -
3.5	定義UPnP服務品質演算法	- 32 -
3.5.1	UPnP QoS Algorithm	- 32 -
3.5.2	UPnP 服務品質演算法流程圖	- 38 -
第四章 模擬結果	- 40 -
4.1	模擬環境	- 40 -
4.2	模擬參數設定	- 42 -
4.3	模擬結果與分析	- 43 -
第五章  結論與未來展望	- 57 -
參考文獻	- 59 -

圖目錄
圖2.1 UPnP基本元件圖[1]	- 5 -
圖2.2 UPnP裝置協定堆疊	- 7 -
圖2.3 UPnP 運作流程圖	- 10 -
圖2.4 UPnP 操作流程圖-控制點加入網路	- 12 -
圖2.5 UPnP 操作流程圖-裝置加入網路	- 12 -
圖2.6 UPnP 操作流程圖- Description	- 13 -
圖 2.7 UPnP 操作流程圖- Control	- 14 -
圖 2.8 UPnP 操作流程圖- Event	- 15 -
圖 2.9 UPnP 操作流程圖- Presentation	- 15 -
圖2.10 UPnP AV Architecture	- 16 -
圖2.11 UPnP 服務品質架構圖	- 20 -
圖3.1 建置 UPnP 服務品質架構於存取點	- 23 -
圖3.2 Enhanced UPnP QoS Based on AP初始化設定程序圖	- 25 -
圖3.3 IAP主動偵測與調整設定程序圖	- 27 -
圖3.4 User主動偵測與調整設定程序圖	- 31 -
圖3.5 服務群組分類示意圖	- 34 -
圖3.6 頻寬分配示意圖	- 35 -
圖3.6 UPnP QoS Algorithm流程圖	- 39 -
圖4.1 系統模擬環境	- 41 -
圖4.2 無機制取得服務所需等待次數	- 44 -
圖4.3 有機制取得服務所需等待次數	- 45 -
圖4.4 三種服務類型無機制之所有封包取得服務所需等待次數	- 45 -
圖4.5 三種服務類型有機制之所有封包取得服務所需等待次數	- 46 -
圖4.6 Streaming無機制發生等待次數與線上人數統計圖	- 47 -
圖4.7 Streaming有機制發生等待與等待次數統計圖	- 49 -
圖4.8 Streaming無機制vs.有機制取得服務所需等待次數	- 50 -
圖4.9無機制vs.有機制線上服務人數	- 51 -
圖4.10無機制vs.有機制前100個封包線上服務人數	- 52 -
圖4.11 有機制與無機制三種服務之成功率vs.失敗率	- 54 -
 
表目錄
表2.1 UPnP QoS架構[3][19]版本對照表	- 21 -
表3.1 服務類型之頻寬範圍定義表	- 32 -
表4.1三種服務之失敗率	- 53 -
表4.2三種服務平均等待時間	- 55 -
表4.3三種服務封包遺失率	- 56 -

[1]	UPnP Forum website, http://www.upnp.org/.
[2]	H.Y. Lee, S.T. Moon, J.W. Kim, “Enhanced UPnP QoS Architecture for Network-adaptive Streaming Service in Home Networks,”IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol.53, no 3, pp. 898904,Aug 2007.
[3]	UPnP Forum, UPnP QoS: Architecture V2.0, Oct 2006.
[4]	UPnP-QoS Architecture:3 (Proposed DCP). UPnP Forum, June 2008.
[5]	UPnP-arch-DeviceArchitecture-v1 1-20081015.
[6]	UPnP-av-AVArchitecture-v1-20020622.
[7]	Dan Jiang, Mo Li “Quality of Service in the Home Network” 2008 Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking.
[8]	Jukka Pekka Laulajainen, Pekka Perala, and Arto Laikari “EVALUATION OF UPNP QOS FRAMEWORK PERFORMANCE IN WIRELESS LAN”.
[9]	Taein Hwang, Hojin Park, Jin Wook Chung  “Personal Mobile A/V Control Point for Home-to-Home Media Streaming,”.
[10]	D. Kang, K. Kang, S. Choi, and J. Lee, “UPnP AV architecture   multimedia system with a home gateway powered by the OSGi platform,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 51, no. 1,Feb. 2005.
[11]	D. S. Kim, J. M. Lee, W. H. Kwon, and I. K. Yuh, “Design and Implementation of Home Network Systems Using UPnP Middleware for Networked Appliances,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 48,  No. 4, pp. 963-972,  November 2002.
[12]	A. Wils, F. Matthijs, Y. Berbers, T. Holvoet, and K. D. Vlaminck, “Device Discovery via Residentail Gateways,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 478-483, August 2002.
[13]	S. G. Choi, D. O. Kang, J. W. Lee, “A Media Distribution System supporting Priority-based QoS in a Home Network,” in proceedings IEEE ICACT, Vol. 3, pp. 1532-1536, 2006.
[14]	D. Kim, J. H. Park, P. Yevgen, K. D. Moon, and Y. H. Lee, “IEEE1394/UPnP Software Bridge,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 319-323, February 2005.

[15]	Po-Chang Huang, Kuo-Chih Chu, Hsiang-Fu Lo, Wei-Tsong Lee, Tin-Yu Wu , “A Novel Adaptive FEC and Interleaving Architecture for H.264/SVC Wireless Video Transmission”, International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, Sep. 2009, pp. 989-992.
[16]	蔡孟甫、曹世強、林盈達，「UPnP:自動化網路設定」，國立交通大學資訊科學系，October 5,2009 ,
http://speed.cis.nctu.edu.tw/~ydlin/miscpub/survey_UPnP.pdf
[17]	林志鴻、鐘亞文、李忞蔚，「UPnP - Universal Plug and Play , Pervasive Environments Automation」，October 5,2009 ,
http://oasis.csie.ntu.edu.tw/2007_fall_network/slides/40
[18]	潘彥廷、陳彥文，「數位家庭視訊串流服務品質保證之研究」，國立中央大學通訊工程研究所碩士論文，July 7,2008。
[19]	UPnP-QoS Architecture:1.0 for UPnP Forum, March 2005.
[20]	A. T. Campbell and B. Coulson, “QoS adaptive transports: Delivering scalable media to the desktop,” IEEE Network, vol. 11, no. 2, Mar.1997.
[21]	S. Ando, M. Ohmoto, and Y. Shimizu, “QoS technology for home networks,” in Proc. of IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2004.
[22]	Hyungjoo Song, Daeyoung Kim, Kangwoo Lee, Jongwoo Sung, “UPnP-Based Sensor Network Management Architecture,” Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking, April 13–15,2005 in Osaka, Japan.
[23]	Automatic Media Streaming and Fault Tolerant Service Relay for UPnP-Based Home Networks, Cheng-Chen Chang-Chian , Chuan-Ching Sue, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
[24]	康嘉峰、李維驄，「在家庭網路中附加具UPnP服務品質的智慧型無線網路存取點」，第二十屆物件導向技術及應用研討會, NOV 20, 2009, 台中.臺灣。
[25]	趙啟時、呂思霈，「利用開放原始碼建構無線數位內容服務平台」，「2006年數位科技與創新管理國際研討會」，華梵大學，台北，台灣2006.04.01。
[26]	J. Allard, Chinta, S. Gundala, G.G. Richard III, “Jini Meets UPnP: An Architecture for Jini/UPnP Interoperability”, proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Applications and the Internet.
[27]	B. Oesterdieckhoff, C. Loeser, I. Jahnich and R. Glaschick, “Integrative approach of Web services and universal plug and play within an AV scenario”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, pp. 123 – 128, Aug. 2005.
[28]	Cheng-Liang Lin, Chi-Chih Huang, Zheng-Ying Wu, Pang-Chieh Wang and Ting-Wei Hou ,” A Collaboration Proxy for Converging UPnP and Jini Devices Based on OSGi”, IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, pp. 916-919,Jan. 2007.
[29]	Dong-Oh Kang, Kyuchang Kang, Sunggi Choi and Jeunwoo Lee, “UPnP AV architectural multimedia system with a home gateway powered by the OSGi platform”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Volume 51, Issue 1, pp. 87-93, Feb.2005.
[30]	D. Valtchev and I. Frankov, “Service gateway architecture for a smart home”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Volume 40, Issue 4, pp. 126-132, April 2002.
[31]	H. Lee, S. Moon, J. Kim, and D. Cho, “UPnP-based QoSAgent for QoS-guaranteed streaming service in home networks,” in Proc. of IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, Jan. 2006.
[32]	K. Dharmalingam, L. Kowalik, and M. Collier, “RSVP reservation gaps: problems and solutions,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications, May 2003.
[33]	S. Cho, D. Seo, and T. Kim, “Gateway framework for home appliances interoperability based on heterogeneous middleware in residential networks,” ICCE. 2002 Digest of Technical Papers, pp.98-99, June,2002.
[34]	Home networked device design guidelines ver 1.0, Digital Living Network Alliance, 2004.
[35]	The Journal of Spontaneous Networking, It Just Works: UPnP in the Digital Home by Michael Jeronimo,October 5,2009, 
http://www.artima.com/spontaneous/upnp_digihome.html