無線感測網路（Wireless Sensor Network , WSNs）中的感測器節點雖然具有省電的特性，但是感測器節點是無法進行充電，因此在電力的消耗上是有限制的。如何有效的管理感測器節點的電量並延長整體網路的存活時間(lifetime) 是很重要的議題。
本篇論文提出一個應用於無線感測網路中之最佳休眠控制(The Optimal Sleep Control For Wireless Sensor Networks )，當整個無線感測網路採用隨機佈置感測器節點後，透過感測器節點與資料收集中心的距離來決定進入休眠的機率，此方式有效地減少離資料收集中心越近的感測節點代傳資料的次數，達到整個網路的負載平衡；而進入休眠的感測器節點會依據自己剩餘電量來進行休眠的排程來達到省電的效果。

The sensor node in Wireless Sensor Network is with the characteristics of low electricity consumption, but the sensor node can’t be rechargeable. Therefore, the consumed of electricity is limited. How to effectively control the electricity of the sensor node and extend the life time of the whole network become a very important issue.
This thesis sets forth “The Optimal Sleep Control For Wireless Sensor Networks”. When the sensor nodes are set randomly in the entire network and the sleeping probability is determined through the distance between the sensor node and the sink.
This method will effectively reduce the frequency of the transmission of the sensor nodes more close to the sink and reach the loading balance of the whole network. However, the sleeping sensor nodes will process their sleeping schedule according to their own residual electricity and achieve the effectiveness of saving electricity.

目錄		I
圖目錄		III
表目錄		V
第一章	緒論	1
1-1研究背景	6
1-2研究動機	8
1-3研究目的	10
1-4 論文架構	12
第二章 相關研究	13
2-1 隨機式的休眠週期	15
2-2 固定式的休眠週期	16
2-2-1 Sensor Mac(S-Mac)	16
2-2-2 Timeout Mac(T-Mac)	20
第三章 應用於無線感測網路之最佳休眠控制(OSC)	22
3-1 網路環境與假設	24
3-2 網路建立階段	26
3-3 建立各個階層進入休眠的機率	29
3-4 建置電量表	32
3-5 感測器節點進入休眠排程階段	46
3-6 最佳休眠控制的優勢分析	49
第四章 模擬比較與分析	51
4-1 模擬環境	52
4-2 模擬結果與分析比較	53
第五章 結論與未來研究方向	56
5-1 結論	56
5-2 未來研究方向	57
參考文獻	58
附錄一 論文英文稿	63
 
圖目錄
圖 1  感測器節點的硬體架構	3
圖 2  隨機式的休眠週期	15
圖 3  固定式的休眠週期	16
圖 4  S-Mac 封包訊息交換圖	17
圖 5  T-Mac 休眠週期圖示	20
圖 6  流程圖	23
圖 7  無線感測網路部署示意圖	24
圖 8  無線感測網路建構圖	26
圖 9  感測器節點電量消耗	28
圖 10  電量表格式	37
圖 11  固定組比例為10％跟90％	38
圖 12  電量表格式	39
圖 13  固定組比例為20％跟80％	40
圖 14  固定組比例為30％跟70％	41
圖 15  固定組比例為40％跟60％	41
圖 16  固定組比例為50％跟50％	42
圖 17  固定組比例為60％跟40％	42
圖 18  固定組比例為70％跟30％	43
圖 19  固定組比例為80％跟20％	43
圖 20  固定組比例為90％跟10％	44
圖 21  最佳電量表	44
圖 22  進入休眠排程的流程圖	48
圖 23  感測器節點平均剩餘電量比較圖	53
圖 24  感測器節點生存時間比較圖	54
圖 25  感測器節點傳送封包次數	55
 
表目錄
表 1  電量表封包格式	32
表 2  電量表格式	33
表 3  電量表格式	34
表 4  電量表格式	35
表 5  電量表格式	36
表 6  固定組比例為10％跟90％之最佳電量表	38
表 7  最佳電量配置表	45

[1]  I.F  Akyildiz, W.  Su,  Y.  Sankarasubramaniam,  E.  Cayirci,
  “Wireless sensor networks: a survey,”  IEEE Communications 
Magazine , March 2002, Volume 38, Issue 4, pp.393-422.
[2]  J.L.  Hill,  D.E.  Culler,  “Mica:  a  wireless platform for
deeply embedded networks,”  Micro , IEEE, Nov/Dec. 2002 
Volume 22, Issue 6, pp.12-24.
[3]  韓永祥與王藏億,  “無線感測器網路概論(Survey of Wireless Sensor Networks),”  國立交通大學電信工程學系, Jun 1992
[4]  SmartDust-Autonomous  sensing  and  communication  in  a  
cubic millimeter,http://robotics.eecs.berkely.edu/~pister/SmartDust.
[5]  Holger  Karl,  Andreas  Willig  “Protocols and Architectures 
for Wireless Sensor Networks”, 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
[6]  G. J.  Pottie  and  W.  J.  Kaiser, "Wireless Integrated 
Network Sensors ," Communications of the ACM, Volume43, 
number5, May 2000, pp. 51-58.
[7]  N. Patwari,  J. N. Ash,  S. Kyperountas,  A. O. Hero,  R. L. 
Moses ,  N. S.  Correal ,  “Locating  the  Nodes, “  IEEE Signal  Processing  Magazine , July 2005 , Volume 22 , Issue 4 , 
pp.54-69.
[8]  Mihaela  Cardei  My  T. Thai,  Yingshu  Li,  Weili  Wu,
“Energy -Efficient Target Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks”
Proceedings of IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE
Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM 2005 ,. March 
2005,Volume 3, pp.1976 – 1984.
[9]  Hsi-Feng Lu,  Yao-Chung Chang,  Hsing-Hsien Hu,  
Jiann-Liang Chen,” Power-Efficient Scheduling Method in Sensor 
Networks” Systems, Man and Cybernetics,2004 IEEE International 
Conference ,Oct. 2004, Volume 5, pp.4705 – 4710. 
[10]  Deborah  Estrin,  John  Heidemann, and  Wei  Ye,  “An 
Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” 
Proceeding of IEEE 21th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE 
Computer and Communications Societies. INFOCOM 2002
Nov 2002,Volume. 3, pp.1567 – 1576.
[11]  Koen  Langendoen  and  Tijs  van  Dam,  “An Adaptive 
Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” 
Proceeding of The First ACM Conference on Embedded 
Networked Sensor Systems ,2003, pp. 171-180.
[12]  Eric  Hsiao-Kuang Wu,  Gen-Huey Chen,  Hung-Wei  Tseng, 
and  Shin-Hsien Yang, “Utilization Based Duty Cycle Tuning 
MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of 
Global Telecommunications Conference , 2005, Volume 6, pp. 
3258 – 3262.
[13]  Chunming  Qiaoand , Peng  Lin, and  Xin  Wang, “Medium 
Access Control With A Dynamic Duty Cycle For Sensor 
Networks,” Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and 
Networking Conference, WCNC 2004, March 2004,Volume 3, 
pp.1534 – 1539.
[14]  Demirkol  I.;  Ersoy  C.;  Alagoz  F.; “MAC  protocols  for 
wireless  sensor  networks :  a  survey “ IEEE 
Communications Magazine , April 2006 , Volume 44 , Issue 4 , pp 
115 – 121.
[15]  LAN  MAN  Standards  Committee  of  the  IEEE 
Computer  Society,  " IEEE Std 802.11-1999, Wireless LAN
Medium  Access  Control  (MAC)  and  Physical  Layer  
(PHY)  specifications," IEEE , 1999.
[16]  V.  Rajendran, K.  Obraczka,  and  J.  J.  
Garcia Luna-Aceves,"Energy-Efficient  MAC:  Energy-Efficient  
Collision-Free  Medium  Access  Control  for  Wireless  
Sensor  Networks," Proceedings of ACM  Conference  On  
Embedded Networked  Sensor Systems , Feb 2006 , Volume 12, 
pp 63-78.
[17]  Q.  Ren  and  Q.  Liang,  "An  Energy-Efficient  MAC
Protocol  for  Wireless  Sensor  Networks,"  IEEE  Global
Telecommunications  Conference , 2005.
[18]  X.  Yang  and  N.  H.  Vaidya, "A  Wakeup  Scheme  for
Sensor   Networks:  Achieving  Balance  Between  Energy  
Saving and  End-To-End Delay," Real-Time and Embedded 
Technology and Applications Symposium, 2004. Proceedings. 
RTAS 2004. 10th IEEE , May 2004 , pp 19-26.
[19]  M.  J.  Miller,  C.  Sengul,  and  I.  Gupta,  "Exploring 
the  Energy-Latency  Trade-Off  for  Broadcasts  in  
Energy- Saving Sensor  Networks,"  IEEE  International
Conference  Distributed  Computing  Systems (ICDCS),
2005, pp 17-26.
[20]  C.  Suh  and  Y.  B.  Ko,  “A  Traffic  Aware  Energy
Efficient  MAC  Protocol  for  Wireless  Sensor  Networks,”
IEEE  International  Symposium  on  Circuits  and  Systems
Circuits  and  Systems (ISCAS), May 2005,Volume 3 , 
pp 2975-2978.
[21]  Wen - Hwa  Liao,  Hsiao-Hsien  Wang,  Wan-Chi  Wu,
“ An  Adaptive  MAC  Protocol  for  Wireless  Sensor  
Networks “ Proceedings  of  Personal  Indoor  and  Mobile  
Radio Communications, (PIMRC),2003,pp171-180.
[22]  Yun  Wang  Demin  Wang  Wei  huang  Fu  Dharma  P.  
Agrawal  “  Hops-based Sleep Scheduling Algorithm for 
Enhancing Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks “  Mobile 
Ad hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Oct 2006 ,pp 709-714