本研究選用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、環烯烴聚合物(COP)兩種常見之光學級塑料，透過流變實驗取得兩材料之流變性質，進行參數擬合以取得 White-Metzner、Phan-Thien-Tanner、Giesekus三個流變模式中之參數。分析各流變模式對於剪切流變性質的預測再與實驗數據做比較與驗證。進一步將流變參數與流變模式結合，運用於 Moldex3D 模流分析軟體中之黏彈性模組，進行光學鏡片射出成型之模流分析，特別針對殘留應力、光彈條紋和雙折射等預測結果加以探討。最後以田口方法進行鏡片之光學性質成型條件優化，以達到CAE運用於射出成型加工方法之輔助效應。研究結果顯示，運用不同的流變學理論基礎取得流變參數，可以有效的提高流變參數之準確性，其反應在理論模式之預測與實驗結果趨勢吻合。而流變模組在導入 Moldex3D模流分析軟體進行預測後，由田口方法可以知道成型條件中，充填時間的增加及塑料溫度的提高，可以減低光學鏡片雙折射的發生。

In this study, two common optical-grade plastics, poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and (cyclic olefin polymer)(COP) were selected as the sample materials. The material parameters in three constitutive equations such as White-Metzner, Phan-Thien-Tannerand Giesekus were obtained by curve-fitting using the experimental data from the shear rheological measurements. Both the experimental and predicted values of the shear rheological properties for the sample materials were used to verify the above three constitutive models. Then, the Moldex3D software, which is a mold-flow analysis system, was used to simulate the whole process of the injection molding of the plastic optical lenses, especially focusing on the predictions for the fringed patterns and the birefringence caused by the residual stresses during the molding process.Taguchi method was made use to optimize the molding conditions to minimize the birefringence occurrence in the molded optical lenses. In this study we found the predicted rheological properties in shear with the constitutive models were agreeable with the experimental results. By mold-flow simuations using the Moldex3D software, the results of Taguchi method showed that birefringence of the molded optical lenses can decrease with the increasing melt temperature and the longer filling time during the injection processes.

目錄
中文摘要  I
英文摘要 II
目錄	IV
圖目錄	VI
表目錄	IX
符號說明	X
第一章、緒論	1
1.1	前言	1
1.2	研究動機與目的	2
第二章、理論模式與文獻回顧	4
2.1	流變學理論	4
2.1.1 流變學參數	5
2.1.2 WLF方程式	6
2.1.3 Cox-Merz & Laun's 關係式	7
2.2	流變學模式	8
2.2.1 White-Metzner流變模式	10
2.2.2 Phan-Thien-Tanner流變模式	12
2.2.3 Giesekus流變模式	14
2.3	CAE應用於射出成型光學鏡片	16
2.3.1光學產品之射出成型	16
2.3.2殘留應力	18
2.3.3光學性質分析	20
第三章、研究方法	22
3.1	實驗材料	22
3.2	實驗流程	25
3.3	實驗設備與操作條件	26
3.4	流變學參數擬合與應用	30
3.5	CAE射出成型模流分析介紹與設定	34
第四章、結果與討論	37
4.1	動態流變性質	37
4.2	穩態流變性質	42
4.3	流變模式之參數取得與驗證	45
4.4	CAE模流分析預測結果討論	57
4.5	CAE模流分析成型條件優化	70
第五章、結論	73
第六章、未來研究方向	74
參考文獻	75
附錄(A) W-M流變模式推導	82
附錄(B) PTT流變模式推導	87
附錄(C) Giesekus流變模式推導	91
附錄(D) Moldex3D 內建材料特性	94
附錄(E) 參數擬合疊代修正方法	98

圖目錄
圖(1.1) CAE應用於射出成型示意圖	2
圖(2.3.1) 光學性質分析魚骨圖	16
圖(2.3.2) 射出成型製程圖	17
圖(2.3.3) 三個方向之應力圖	20
圖(3.1.1) PMMA 結構式	22
圖(3.1.2) COP結構式	23
圖(3.2) 研究流程圖	25
圖(3.3.1) 平板夾具旋轉流變儀示意圖	26
圖(3.3.2) 不同流變儀黏度量測範圍	27
圖(3.5.1) 光學鏡片示意圖	34
圖(3.5.2) Moldex3D分析模型圖	35
圖(3.5.3) Moldex3D模型網格圖	35
圖(4.1.1) PMMA不同頻率振幅掃描圖	37
圖(4.1.2) COP不同頻率振幅掃描圖	38
圖(4.1.3) PMMA不同溫度頻率掃描圖	39
圖(4.1.4) COP不同溫度頻率掃描圖	39
圖(4.1.5) PMMA與COP之頻率掃描比較圖(240°C)	40
圖(4.1.6) PMMA與COP之頻率掃描比較圖(220°C)	40
圖(4.1.7) PMMA模數主曲線(參考溫度220°C)	41
圖(4.1.8) COP模數主曲線(參考溫度240°C)	42
圖(4.2.1) PMMA穩態剪切黏度圖	43
圖(4.2.2) COP穩態剪切黏度圖	43
圖(4.2.3) PMMA ( )與剪切率關係圖	44
圖(4.2.4) COP ( )與剪切率關係圖	44
圖(4.3.1) PMMA ( )與剪切應力關係圖	45
圖(4.3.2) COP ( )與剪切應力關係圖	46
圖(4.3.3) PMMA穩態剪切黏度圖(剪切變稀區域)	47
圖(4.3.4) COP穩態剪切黏度圖(剪切變稀區域)	47
圖(4.3.5) PMMA剪切黏度之理論與實驗值比較	49
圖(4.3.6) COP剪切黏度之理論與實驗值比較	49
圖(4.3.7) PMMA鬆弛時間之理論與實驗值比較	50
圖(4.3.8) COP鬆弛時間之理論與實驗值比較	50
圖(4.3.9) PMMA ( )之理論與實驗值比較	51
圖(4.3.10) COP ( )之理論與實驗值比較	51
圖(4.3.11) PMMA與COP之彈性模數圖	52
圖(4.3.12) PMMA之鬆弛時間 (240°C)	53
圖(4.3.13) COP之鬆弛時間 (260°C)	54
圖(4.3.14) PMMA之PTT流變模式與實驗剪切黏度比較圖	55
圖(4.3.15) COP之PTT模式與實驗剪切黏度比較圖	55
圖(4.3.16) PMMA之Giesekus模式與實驗剪切黏度比較圖	56
圖(4.3.17) COP之Giesekus模式與實驗剪切黏度比較圖	56
圖(4.4.1) PMMA充填流動波前等值圖	57
圖(4.4.2) COP充填流動波前等值圖	58
圖(4.4.3) PMMA進澆口壓力與鏡片壓力分布	58
圖(4.4.4) COP進澆口壓力與鏡片壓力分布	59
圖(4.4.5) PMMA溫度分布圖(充填階段)	59
圖(4.4.6) COP溫度分布圖(充填階段)	60
圖(4.4.7) PMMA殘留應力分布圖(充填階段)	60
圖(4.4.8) COP殘留應力分布圖(充填階段)	61
圖(4.4.9) PMMA溫度分布圖(保壓階段)	61
圖(4.4.10) COP溫度分布圖(保壓階段)	62
圖(4.4.11) PMMA溫度分布圖(冷卻階段)	62
圖(4.4.12) COP溫度分布圖(冷卻階段)	63
圖(4.4.13) PMMA體積收縮率	63
圖(4.4.14) COP體積收縮率	64
圖(4.4.15) PMMA流動雙折射分析圖	65
圖(4.4.16) COP流動雙折射分析圖	66
圖(4.4.17) PMMA雙折射分析圖	67
圖(4.4.18) COP雙折射分析圖	68
圖(4.4.17) PMMA光彈條紋分析圖	69
圖(4.5) PMMA與COP雙折射對成型條件因子影響圖	72

表目錄
表(2.1) 流變參數表	5
表(2.2) W-M流變模式剪切流場元素表	11
表(2.3) W-M流變模式拉伸流場元素表	11
表(3.1) 實驗材料性質表	24
表(3.2) PTT、Giesekus (Multi-Mode) 流變模式參數表	33
表(3.3) 模型網格資訊	36
表(3.4) 成型條件表	36
表(4.1) 不同溫度G'與G'交點之頻率與鬆弛時間表	41
表(4.2) Modified W-M流變模式參數表	53
表(4.3) PMMA流動雙折射值	65
表(4.4) COP流動雙折射值	66
表(4.5) PMMA雙折射值	67
表(4.6) COP雙折射值	68
表(4.5) PMMA成型條件田口方法實驗設計表	70
表(4.6) COP成型條件田口方法實驗設計表	70
表(4.7) PMMA雙折射對成型條件因子反應表	71
表(4.8) COP雙折射對成型條件因子反應表	72

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