「彼得斯堡任務」為歐洲聯盟安全防衛政策的重要基礎構成之一，其主要的內容有三項：人道與救援任務、維和任務、危機處理中的戰鬥任務，包含和平製造。「彼得斯堡任務」規定於現行歐盟條約的第二十七條、里斯本條約的第二十八條（若2008年批准程序順利完成）。「彼得斯堡任務」給予歐盟在其安全防衛政策架構下，對外行動的基本目標，使得歐盟得以利用自身的名義來執行對外行動，特別是在軍事層面。

    然而，「彼得斯堡任務」一開始並非是由歐盟產生，而是誕生於西歐聯盟於1992年6月發表的「彼得斯堡宣言」中，以因應冷戰結束後西歐聯盟角色的轉變。其中最重要的角色轉變為西歐聯盟成為「未來歐洲統合的重要構成」。也因為如此，歐盟在1996到1997年召開的政府間會議中，決定將西歐聯盟的重要功能移至歐盟架構中，而其中也包括了「彼得斯堡任務」。接著，「彼得斯堡任務」在歐洲憲法條約中作出了更新，突顯了歐盟在衝突預防與危機處理的哲學，雖然歐洲憲法條約未能成功完成批准程序，但「彼得斯堡任務」還是繼續存在於2007年12月8日簽署的里斯本條約中。從三項「彼得斯堡任務」的內涵當中，可以發現到，為了應付冷戰結束後的安全局勢，它們各自的軍事使用程度並不相同，並且歐盟對部份內涵的解釋，未必與聯合國的解釋一致。這種狀態雖然引起許多的討論，甚至爭議，但同時也為歐盟在執行歐洲安全防衛政策架構下對外行動時，提供許多彈性的空間，以應付多變及複雜的狀況。而接下來必須要透過歐盟對外軍事行動的實際執行，才能驗證「彼得斯堡任務」對於歐盟對外軍事行動的作用與影響，在本研究中列舉了五項對外行動（「和平女神」任務（Concordia operation）、「療癒女神」任務（Althea operation）、「阿緹米斯」任務（Artemis operation）、「EUFOR RD Congo」任務、「EUFOR Tchad/RCA」任務）作為檢驗之實例。因此發現到，「彼得斯堡任務」雖然在條約中設置可以說是很完整，但是歐盟對外行動的內容、規磨、成效，卻顯示出與條約之期望有落差，其中最大的原因在於歐盟成員國間的防衛能力水準參疵不齊，所以防衛能力的增進也已成為歐盟在防衛領域的首要工作。

    本文之研究途徑採用的是國際關係中的「制度主義」，以歐盟各個成員國自身利益的匯合，來思考「彼得斯堡任務」的誕生、納入歐盟條約與更新；由於「彼得斯堡任務」已成為歐盟條約的一部份，所以從「彼得斯堡任務」的內涵與歐盟對外軍事行動的實踐，來發現「彼得斯堡任務」本身的強度與性質，所促成的「制度化集體行為」。本研究的架構以「彼得斯堡任務」的誕生、內涵，以及歐盟對外軍事行動為主要內容，藉由討論「彼得斯堡任務」本身的內容，再透過歐盟對外軍事行動檢驗「彼得斯堡任務」內涵的實踐，進而發現「彼得斯堡任務」在條約中與實踐上，其內容與成效是否有落差，最後對兩者提出歸納，並對歐盟對外軍事行動提出展望。

“Petersberg Tasks” are one of important ingredient of European Security and Defense Policy（ESDP）.  And there are three tasks in it：humanitarian and rescue task, peacekeeping, combat task in crisis management including peacemaking.  “Petersberg Tasks” are located in the Article 27 in present Treaty on European Union and the Article 28 in the Lisbon Treaty.（if the ratification procedure is to accomplish during 2008）.  Basically, the most important is that “Petersberg Tasks” provide goals to the military operation under the ESDP of the EU.

     However, “Petersberg Tasks” is originally born in the “Petersberg declaration” of Western European Union（WEU）.  And it is resulted from the changing role of WEU in the post-Cold War era.  To the EU, according to the TEU, the WEU will be the integral part in the future.  Thus, 1996-1997 intergovernmental conference of the EU finally decided to remove several significant functions, including “Petersberg Tasks” of course, from the WEU to the EU structure in Amsterdam Treaty.  And then “Petersberg Tasks,” for coping with terrorism, have an extensive renewal in the Treaty on Established Constitution of Europe.  Despite the failure of EU constitution and the waiting of Lisbon Treaty’s ratification procedure, the renewed “Petersberg Tasks” more appeal the EU philosophies that come from the original one on conflict prevention and crisis management than ever.  Moreover, implications of those three “Petersberg Tasks” are not completely in accordance with what the UN explained.  It may arise some discussions and even arguments, but there is no doubt that this difference will bring flexibility to the EU military operation.  But we still have to look into the implementation of EU military operation for revealing the effect from “Petersberg Tasks.” There are five EU military operation demonstrated in the context：Concordia operation, Althea operation, Artemis operation, EUFOR RD Congo and EUFOR Tchad/RCA.  Finally there is a main finding in the thesis and that is the gap between “Petersberg Tasks” are taken as a treaty device and as an expectation in the military operation practice.  And the main problem is that the differences of defense capability among the EU member states.

     The main research approach is the using of “Institutionalism”.  Firstly, to think over the birth, merging into Amsterdam Treaty and renewal of “Petersberg Tasks” through look over the accumulation of EU member states’ interest.  Secondly, to analyze the collective institutional behavior which is resulted in “Petersberg Tasks” by discussing the implication and the practice of “Petersberg Tasks”.  In short, this thesis emphasizes on the birth and the implication of “Petersberg Tasks”, and also focus on the practice of “Petersberg Tasks” through observing EU military operation implementation.

章節目次
圖目次                                                           ii
表目次                                                           ii
第壹章緒論                                                         1
第一節	研究動機與目的                                            1
第二節	研究途徑                                                  3
第三節	研究範圍與架構                                            5
第四節	文獻回顧與架構                                            9
第五節 資料來源                                                 13

第貳章「彼得斯堡任務」之形成                                    15
第一節「彼得斯堡任務」的生成                                     16
一、初期的西歐聯盟                                           16
二、西歐聯盟的復甦                                           19
三、對後冷戰新局勢與角色的回應：彼得斯堡宣言                 26
第二節 成員國利益的合作：「彼得斯堡任務」納入歐盟架構             29
一、成員國在防衛合作的立場                                   30
二、政府間會議關於防衛議題的討論                             35
三、政府間會議的結果                                         37
第三節「彼得斯堡任務」在歐洲憲法條約中的擴充                     40
一、塞維爾高峰會與制憲小組的討論                             41
二、「彼得斯堡任務」擴大部份之內容與定義                      44
三、歐洲憲法條約批准失敗後的更新「彼得斯堡任務」             46

第參章「彼得斯堡任務」之內涵                                     51
第一節	人道支援與救援任務                                      51
第二節	維和任務                                                58
第三節	危機處理之戰鬥任務與和平製造                            64
一、和平製造                                                65
二、危機處理                                                68

第肆章「彼得斯堡任務」的實踐與評估                             71
第一節 馬其頓共和國與「和平女神」任務的執行                      72
一、任務的背景                                              73
二、任務的執行與評估                                        76
第二節 波士尼亞-赫塞哥維納與「療癒女神」任務的執行              80
一、任務的背景                                               81
二、任務的執行與評估                                         84
第三節 剛果民主共和國與「阿緹米斯」（月亮女神）任務的執行         89
一、任務的背景                                               90
二、任務的執行與評估                                         92
第四節 剛果民主共和國選舉與「EUFOR RD Congo」任務的執行          97
一、任務的背景                                               97
二、任務的執行與評估                                         99
第五節 蘇丹達夫危機與「EUFOR TCHAD/RCA」任務的執行              104
一、任務的背景                                              105
二、任務的執行與評估                                        108

第伍章 結論                                                      113
參考文獻                                                          119

圖目次
圖1-1：論文研究架構圖                                                 8
圖4-1：馬其頓位置及重要城市圖                                        72
圖4-2：波士尼亞-赫塞哥維納位置與重要地點圖                           81
圖4-3：剛果民主共和國位置與重要地區                                  90
圖4-4：查德共和國位置與重要地點                                     105
圖4-5：中非共和國位置圖                                             105

表目次
表1-1：相關文獻表                                                     9
表4-1：歐盟軍事層面對外行動區域分布                                  71
表4-2：參與「和平女神」任務的國家與參與人數                          78
表4-3：在波赫地區活動之主要歐盟單位                                  87
表5-1：「彼得斯堡任務」在歐盟軍事任務中的實際執行內容        114

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Secretariat of Council of European Union（15/10/2007）, Background: EU Military Operation in Eastern Chad and North Eastern Central African Republic（EUFOR TCHAD/RCA）, EU Press Release. available from http://consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/backgroundOctober2007ENversion.pdf（accessed in 4/1/2008）

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Political and Security Committee Decision BiH/11/2007 2007/711/CFSP on the appointment of an EU Force Commander for the European Union military operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina of 25 September 2007, Official Journal L 288 of 6/11/2007, p.60.

新聞報導：

Leaders&Letters: Gang of Four（28/4/2003）. Financial Times, para.1-7. available from http://search.ft.com/ftArticle?startDate=01%2F04%2F2003&dsz=2&dse=true&queryText=Gang+of+Four&page=1&endDate=30%2F04%2F2003&activeTab=ftNews&resultsToReturn=10&aje=false&id=030428000766&ct=0（accessed in 27/10/2007）

Lisbon Treaty Made to avoid Referendum, says Giscard（29/10/2007）. EU Observer, para.1-7. available from http://euobserver.com/9/25052 （accessed in 29/10/2007）

Macedonia police killed in ambush（12/11/2001）. BBC news, available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1650954.stm （accessed in 1/9/2007）

Dempsey, Judy（3/6/2002）. EU split on funding for military operations, Financial Times, para.1-10. available from http://search.ft.com/ftArticle?queryText=EU+split+on+funding+for+military+operations&aje=true&id=020603000639&ct=0&nclick_check=1 （accessed in 31/10/2007）

Supporting Bosnia on the way to the EU（Dec. 2005）. ESDP Newsletter Issue 1.

Bosnia-Herzégovine: l’EUFOR en transition（July 2007）. ESDP Newsletter Issue 4.

La future opération militaire de l’UE au Tchad et en République centrafricaine（EUFOR Tchad/RCA）（December 2007）. in ESDP Newsletter Issue 5.

Prendergast, John（19/11/2006）. So How Come We Haven’t Stop it?, The Washington Post, para.7-11.available from http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=4516&l=1（accessed in 3/1/2008）.

Who are Sudan’s Darfur rebels?（12/10/2007）. BBC NEWS, para.9.available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7039360.stm（accessed in 3/1/2008）

La PESD en action, au Tchad et en République centrafricaine（December 2007）. ESDP Newsletter Issue 5.

Cahill, Ann（17/10/2007）. Irish peacekeepers chief determined to help refugees, , Europe Correspondent.available from http://consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/20071031164747724.pdf（accessed in 4/1/2008）

Pascal Flectcher（25/10/2007）. EU Chad force promises robust role in tough terrain, Reuters.available from http://consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/20071031164747724.pdf（accessed in 4/1/2008）

Fierce fighting in Eastern Chad（4/12/2007）. BBC NEWS, para.13-17.available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7126354.stm（accessed in 4/1/2008）

會議論文或演講：

Grignon Francois（October 2003）. The Artemis Operation in the Democratic Republic of Congo：Lessons for the Future of EU Peace-keeping in Africa, IEEI International Conference, The Challenges of EU-Africa Relations：An Agenda of Priorities, Lisbon.

其他：

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Lynch, Dov & Missiroli, Antonio. ESDP Operations, EU Institute of Security Studies, 2003. available from http://www.iss-eu.org/esdp/09-dvl-am.pdf （accessed in 3/9/2007）.

部長理事會歐盟「療癒女神」任務（Althea Operation in BiH）available from http://www.consilium.europa.eu/cms3_fo/showPage.asp?id=745&lang=en （accessed in 11/10/2007）

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“SFOR’s role and mandate” in History of NATO-led Stabilitation Force in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Available from http://www.nato.int/sfor/docu/d981116a.htm（accessed in 27/12/2007）

Overview of ICG Europe Briefing No.31, para.3. available from http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=2833&l=1（accessed in 27/12/2007）

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