系統識別號 | U0002-2408201711062700 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2017.00865 |
論文名稱(中文) | 雙鈣鈦礦YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5的中子繞射研究 |
論文名稱(英文) | Neutron Powder Diffraction Study of the Double Perovskite Oxides YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 物理學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Physics |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 105 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 106 |
研究生(中文) | 賴君豪 |
研究生(英文) | Chun-Hao Lai |
學號 | 604210038 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 英文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2017-06-22 |
論文頁數 | 73頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
杜昭宏
委員 - 林大欽 委員 - 楊仲準 |
關鍵字(中) |
YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 中子繞射與磁性結構 |
關鍵字(英) |
YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 Neutron diffraction and Magnetic structure |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
我們透過固態反應法合成一系列的YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5,藉此研究銅、鐵的比例對樣品的結構與磁性所產生的影響。根據磁化率的量測結果,我們得知在銅鐵比例相同的條件下此樣品具有兩個反鐵磁相變溫度(TN1 和 TN2);同時,中子繞射的結果顯示在這兩個相變點附近會發生磁結構的相變(正配相→非正配相),在溫度較低的情況下正配相非常微弱。然而,隨著鐵的化學劑量越高第二相變溫度TN2也跟著升高,此相變只發生在0.490 ≤ x ≤ 0.515的範圍之內,無論是磁化率量測以及中子繞射都得到相同的結果。唯一不同的是當0.510 ≥ x時,鐵的參雜會誕生出新的磁結構相變取代了原有的正配-非正配相變,並與原有的正配相共存。 |
英文摘要 |
Structural and magnetic properties of variety Cu/Fe ratio of the double perovskite YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 were investigated by using neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and magnetization measurements. The crystal structures of all the samples are formed in a space group of P4/mmm with in the x range between 0.45 and 0.55. Susceptibility measurements of YBaCuFeO5 exhibited two antiferromagnetic transitions at TN1 ~ 450 K and TN2 ~ 175 K, accompanied with two anomalous spin ordering. The refinement results show an antiferromagnetic commensurate (CM) phase with propagation vector Qc1=(1/2,1/2,1/2), between TN1 and TN2, which as a collinear magnetic structure. Below TN2, two satellite incommensurate (ICM) magnetic reflections were observed at around each commensurate ones with Qi=(1/2,1/2,1/2+-q), indicating the appearance of spiral magnetic structure. Furthermore, these observations revealed that TN2 is very sensitive to the concentration of Fe, and explained the paradox of transition temperatures in the past reports. For x ≥ 0.510, extra magnetic reflections emerge with a propagation wavevector Qc2=(1/2,1/2,0), suggesting the coexistence of two commensurate magnetic phases with propagation wavevectors of (1/2,1/2,1/2) and (1/2,1/2,0), respectively. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
Table of Contents Table of Contents vi List of Figures viii List of Tables xiii Chapter 1 General properties of YBaCuFeO5 1 Chapter 2 Neutron Powder Diffraction and Magnetic Structure 9 2-1 Neutron powder diffraction 9 2-1.1 Introduction to NPD 9 2-1.2 High intensity powder diffractometer WOMBAT 22 2-1.3 High resolution powder diffractometer ECHIDNA 23 2-2 Introduction to Magnetic structure 24 2-3 Rietveld refinement 31 2-3.1 Introduction 31 2-3.2 Refinable parameters 32 2-3.3 Criteria of fit 38 2-3.4 Refinement strategy 40 Chapter 3 Sample Characterizations 42 3-1 Sample synthesis 42 3-2 X-ray diffraction 43 3-2.1 Introduction to XRD 43 3-2.2 X-ray diffraction results 47 3-3 Susceptibility against temperature 50 Chapter 4 Neutron powder diffraction results 52 4-1 Refinement results of NPD 52 4-2 The magnetic phase identification 61 4-3 New magnetic structure of YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 68 Chapter 5 Summary and Conclusion 71 References 72 List of Figures ▲ Figure 1-1 The crystal model of YBaCuFeO5 with S.G = P4/mmm is a centrosymmetric structure about the mirror Y3+ plane with Cu/Fe sites split. The occupancy of Fe sites is same as the occupancy of Cu sites, which is equal to 0.5. 2 ▲ Figure 1-2 Temperature dependence of the spin susceptibility of YBaCuFeO5 single crystal, measured with the field of 1 T applied either parallel or perpendicular to the c-axis from 2 K to 1000 K [5]. 3 ▲ Figure 1-3 The low angle part of NPD patterns at 1.5 and 300 K are shown separately above 2D contour plot, which suggests the temperature dependence of the NPD patterns for YBaCuFeO5 with transition temperatures [2]. 4 ▲ Figure 1-4 Rietveld refinement result of YBaCuFeO5. The numbers of criteria of fit are RB = 4.529 and χ2 = 9.10. 5 ▲ Figure 1-5 (a) The collinear magnetic order of CM phase shows the magnetic moments align with either a-axis or b-axis orientation. The magnitude of Fe3+ ion moment (blue) is about 0.80 μ_B, and the one of Cu2+ ion (red) is approximate to 0.16 μ_B. The ratio between 2 moments, 5, is based on the ratio between their spin quantum number, that is to say, S_Fe^(3+)=5/2 and S_Cu^(2+)=1/2 . (b) The model of circular spiral magnetic order of ICM phase displays the spiral ordering (+,-,-,+) transmit along L-direction, where the magnitudes of magnetic moments are same as the ones of CM phase. The rotating angle φ is suggested by q value as 165° at 1.5 K, while the phase difference θ is revealed as 146° by the refinement result. 6 ▲ Figure 1-6 The temperature dependence of the wavevector of the magnetic reflection ( 1/2,1/2,3/2±q) [5]. 7 ▲ Figure 1-7 The linear scans through ( 1/2,1/2,1/2 ) along L-direction at different temperatures, (a) the commensurate phase at 250 K, (b) the mixed phase at 160 K, and (c) the incommensurate phase at 10 K [5]. 8 ▲ Figure 2-1 Illustration of Bragg reflection from a set of parallel planes [7]. 11 ▲ Figure 2 2 The total difference in phase angle between the 2 paths (dash line and full line) is equal to the difference in phase angle between incident beams k∙r plus the one between scattered beams k’∙r. 16 ▲ Figure 2 3 The profile of scattering intensity for M = 15 [10]. 19 ▲ Figure 2 4 The common geometry of Bragg law. The parallel lattice planes separated by distance d, and the reflection angle equal to incident angle. 20 ▲ Figure 2 5 Layout of WOMBAT, the high intensity powder diffractometer at ANSTO [6][11]. 22 ▲ Figure 2 6 Layout of ECHIDNA, the high resolution powder diffractometer at ANSTO [6][12]. 23 ▲ Figure 2 7 Some different types of magnetic structures [14]. 25 ▲ Figure 2 8 Illustration of translational properties with the propagation vector k. In this example, the basis vector for the moment in the zeroth cell is Ψ = (0 1 0), k = (0 0 0.5) and each plane corresponds to a lattice translation of T = (0 0 1) [14]. 26 ▲ Figure 2 9 Graphs in reciprocal space for a variety of magnetic structure classes [14]. 28 ▲ Figure 2 10 Refinement results of YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 x = 0.515 (NPD, T = 1.5 K) with (a) S_L = D_L = 0, and (b) S_L = D_L = 0.08877. 36 ▲ Figure 3 1 Sintering temperature Ts versus substitution ratio x. 43 ▲ Figure 3 2 Linear polarized beam scattered by an electron. The incident beam is along the x-axis and meets the electron at O. The electron scatters a ray in the direction of P, making an angle φ with the electric field along the y-axis (OP lies in the x-y plane) [7]. 45 ▲ Figure 3-3 X-ray scattered by an atom. The path difference of scattered beams in 2θ direction is CB-AD. 46 ▲ Figure 3-4 Atomic form factors are rapidly reduced as 2θ increases. Unless 2θ = 0 or atom is still, the atom form factor is not equivalent to Z. 47 ▲ Figure 3 5 X-ray powder diffraction patterns of different x at room temperature. The small divergence at specific 2θ range may caused by Cu/Fe ratio x, different lattice parameters, oxygen defect, or even preferred orientation. 48 ▲ Figure 3-6 Lattice parameters versus Cu/Fe ratio x. 49 ▲ Figure 3-7 Magnetic susceptibility against temperature of YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 is measured at 1 KOe by ZFC. 51 ▲ Figure 4-1 The crystal model of YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 52 ▲ Figure 4-2a NPD pattern of x = 0.485 measured by ECHIDNA at 1.5 K. 54 ▲ Figure 4-2b NPD pattern of x = 0.490 measured by ECHIDNA at 1.5 K. 55 ▲ Figure 4-2c NPD pattern of x = 0.495 measured by ECHIDNA at 1.5 K. 56 ▲ Figure 4-2d NPD pattern of x = 0.500 measured by ECHIDNA at 1.5 K. 57 ▲ Figure 4-2e NPD pattern of x = 0.505 measured by ECHIDNA at 1.5 K. 58 ▲ Figure 4-2f NPD pattern of x = 0.510 measured by ECHIDNA at 1.5 K. 59 ▲ Figure 4-2g NPD pattern of x = 0.515 measured by ECHIDNA at 1.5 K. 60 ▲ Figure 4-3 Specifically magnetic Bragg reflections of YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5 NPD patterns, where 0.485 ≤ x ≤ 0.515. 61 ▲ Figure 4-4a 2D contour plot of x = 0.475 63 ▲ Figure 4-4b 2D contour plot of x = 0.485 63 ▲ Figure 4-4c 2D contour plot of x = 0.490 64 ▲ Figure 4-4d 2D contour plot of x = 0.495 64 ▲ Figure 4-4e 2D contour plot of x = 0.500 65 ▲ Figure 4-4f 2D contour plot of x = 0.505 65 ▲ Figure 4-4g 2D contour plot of x = 0.510 66 ▲ Figure 4-4h 2D contour plot of x = 0.515 66 ▲ Figure 4-4i 2D contour plot of x = 0.525 67 ▲ Figure 4-5 Rietveld refinement result of YBa(Cu1-xFex)2O5. The numbers of criteria of fit are RB = 4.537 and χ2 = 9.09. 68 ▲ Figure 4-6 The models of collinear magnetic order of CM2. Here, magnetic moments of the spin ordering (+,-,-,+) array on only a, or b, or c-axis. However, the direction of magnetic moments must be parallel or perpendicular to the one of CM1 to conserve the original symmetry of tetragonal lattice system. The magnitudes of magnetic moments of Fe3+ ion and Cu2+ ion are consistent to different magnetic phases. The refinement results revealed the magnitude of Fe3+ ion moment is about 1.55 μ_B, and the one of Cu2+ ion moment is approximate to 0.31 μ_B. Since the powder sample is isotropic, there is no way to identify which one of these models as the right one. 69 List of Tables Table 2 1 Coherent scattering amplitudes, b, in units of 10-12 cm [9].. 12 Table 2 2 Symmetry analytical profile functions [15]. 34 Table 2 3 Numerical criteria of fit [15~16]. 39 Table 2 4 Parameter turn-on sequence [15~16]. 41 Table 3-1 Transition temperatures TN2 of variant Cu/Fe ratio. 50 Table 4-1a Refinement result of x = 0.485 54 Table 4-1b Refinement result of x = 0.490 55 Table 4-1c Refinement result of x = 0.495 56 Table 4-1d Refinement result of x = 0.500 57 Table 4-1e Refinement result of x = 0.505 58 Table 4-1f Refinement result of x = 0.510 59 Table 4-1g Refinement result of x = 0.515 60 |
參考文獻 |
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