本實驗結合沉澱法和燃燒法製備C/ZnO 光觸媒粉體。並以X-ray 繞射分析儀，遠紅外線光譜分析，熱重分析儀和熱差式熱分析儀，紫外光-可見光光譜分析儀，微量元素分析儀，電子掃描式顯微鏡及電子穿透式顯微鏡及比表面積測定儀 和 螢光光譜儀等儀器來分析其製備之C/ZnO光觸媒粉體特性。實驗結果顯示C/ZnO最佳製備條件為沉澱物：葡萄糖＝1：0.9，煆燒溫度900℃，其物種(0.9-900℃)有最佳的光催化活性。我們也將所獲得C/ZnO奈米粉體之光催化能力以動力學探討並量化。C/ZnO物種 (0.9-900℃)之觸媒特性常數kA,m為0.86 L/g．min，比一般市售二氧化鈦粉體P25的觸媒特性常數kA,m＝0.38 L/g．min高出非常多。

C/ZnO photocatalysts were prepared by a method combining precipitation and combustion techniques. The prepared C/ZnO photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, inferred spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis mapping, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller sorptometer, and photoluminescence spectra analysis. The results show that the optimum preparation condition for C/ZnO is precipitate : glucose＝1 : 0.9, at 900℃, which this specimen (0.9-900℃) shows the best photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic abilities of the obtained C/ZnO nanoparticles were kinetically studied. The kA,m of C/ZnO (0.9-900℃), was 0.86 L/g．min, which was much higher than that of P25 (kA,m＝0.38 L/g．min).

中文摘要 …………………………………………………………..I
ENGLISH ABSTRACT…………………………………………………II
CONTENTS……………………………………………………………III
CONTENTS OF FIGURE……………………………………………V
CONTENS OF TABLES………………………………………IX
CHAPTER  1  INTRODUCTION.......................................................1
CHAPTER  2  LITERATURE REVIEW……………..…………….3
2-1 Zinc Oxide………………………………………………………...3
2-2 Preparation of Zinc Oxide……………..….………………………7
2-2-1 Precipitation Method………………………………………….7
2-2-2 Hydrothermal Method………………………………………...9
2-2-3 Spray Pyrolysis……………………...………………………11
2-3 Improvements of Photoreactivity………….……………………15
2-3-1 Doping…………………………………………………….15
2-3-2 Coupled Photocatalysts……………………………………19
2-3-3 Enhance Surface Area……………………………………20
2-4 Quantum Size Effect…………………………………………….21
2-5 Summaries………………………………………………………22
CHAPTER  3  EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES……..…...……23
3-1 Experimental…………………………………………………….23
3-1-1 Reagents and Characterizations……………………………23
3-1-2 Sample Preparation………………………………………..24
3-2 Analytic Instrument……………………………………………...28
3-2-1 X-ray Diffraction…………………………………………….28
3-2-2 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy……………29
3-2-3 Transmission Electron Microscopy………………………….30
3-2-4 Infrared Spectroscopy……………………………………….31
3-2-5 Thermal Analyses…………………………...……………….32
3-2-6 BET Analysis………………………………………………...32
3-2-7 Fluorescence Spectrometer………………………………….34
3-3 Photocatalytic Analysis…………………………………………35
3-3-1 Methylene Blue……………………………………………...35
3-3-2 Design of Photocatalysis…………………………………….36
CHAPTER  4  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………38
4-1 Thermal Behavior and Crystalline Phases………………………39
4-2 Photodegradation of ZnO and C/ZnO…………………………50
4-3 Kinetic Studies…………………………………………………60
4-4 Characteristic Analysis…………………………………………69
CHAPTER  5  CONCLUSIONS……………………..........91
REFERENCE……………………………………………………92

CONTENTS OF FIGURE

Figure 2-1-1 Hexagonal wurtzite structure………………….……………5
Figure 2-2-1 Chemical precipitation……………………………………...8
Figure 2-3-2 Proposed energy-band structure model for N-containing ZnO………………………………………………………17
Figure 2-3-3 diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) of pure ZnO and Sn-doped ZnO………………………………………………………18
Figure 2-3-4 The mechanism of coupled semiconducting photocatalysts
…………………………………………………………...20
Figure 2-4-1 Quantum size effect on semiconductor band gap…..…..…22
Figure 3-1-1 Formation of ZnO powder………………..……..………...26
Figure 3-1-2 Formation of C/ZnO powder…………………..………….27
Figure 3-2-1 Scheme of X-ray incident into a crystal………..…………29
Figure 3-2-2 Scheme of FE-SEM……………………..………………...30
Figure 3-2-3 Scheme of TEM…………………………………………...31
Figure 3-2-4 Scheme of DSC…………………………………………...32
Figure 3-3-1 Scheme of photodegradation of methylene blue…………36
Figure 4-1 DSC/TG curves of 0-90℃ specimen………………………..41
Figure 4-2 XRD patterns of 0-Y specimen calcined at different temperatures (a) 90℃, (b) 135℃, (c) 170℃,(d) 230℃, (e) 300℃, (f) 1200℃...................................................................42
Figure 4-3 IR spectra of 0-Y specimen calcined at different temperatures (a) 0-90℃, (b) 0-135℃, (c) 0-170℃, (d) 0-230℃,
(e) 0-300℃………………………………………………….43
Figure 4-4 DSC/TG curves of 0.9-90℃ specimen……...………………44
Figure 4-5 XRD patterns of 0.9-Y specimen calcined at different temperatures (a) 90℃, (b) 180℃, (c) 210℃, (d) 230℃, (e) 310℃, (f) 1200℃………………………………………...…45
Figure 4-6 IR spectra of 0.9-Y specimen calcined at different
temperatures (a) 0.9-90℃, (b) 0.9-180℃, (c) 0.9-210℃, (d) 0.9-230℃, (e) 0.9-310℃ (f) 0.9-500℃….........................….47
Figure 4-7(a) XRD pattern of 0-Y calcined at different temperatures (a) 0-500℃, (b) 0-600℃, (c) 0-700℃, (d) 0-800℃, (e) 0-900℃, (f) 0-1000℃…………………………………………………48
Figure 4-7(b) XRD patterns of 1.2-Y calcined at different temperatures (a) 1.2-500℃, (b) 1.2-600℃, (c) 1.2-700℃, (d) 1.2-800℃, (e) 1.2-900℃, (f) 1.2-1000℃..…………………………………49
Figure 4-8 Removal percentages of the methylene blue (MB) by the specimens of (a) 0-Y (i.e., ZnO), (b) 0.1-Y, (c) 0.4-Y, (d) 0.6-Y, (e) 0.9-Y,(f) 1.0-Y, (g) 1.2-Y after 120min under 365-nm UV light irradiation……………………………………………...55
Figure 4-9 Decomposition efficiency of methylene blue (MB) under different calcination temperatures, (a) 500℃, (b) 600℃, (c) 700℃, (d) 800℃,(e) 900℃, (f) 1000℃……………………58

Figure 4-10 Comparison of the MB removed efficiency of the 0-Y, 0.9-Y, and P25 at different calcined temperatures………………….59
Figure 4-11                                              
(a) Photodegradation of P25
(b) Photodegradation of 0-Y calcined at different temperatures,
(c) Photodegradation of 0.1-Y calcined at different temperatures
(d) Photodegradation of 0.4-Y calcined at different temperatures
(e) Photodegradation of 0.9-Y calcined at different temperatures
(f) Photodegradation of 1.0-Y calcined at different temperatures
(g) Photodegradation of 1.2-Y calcined at different temperatures
………………………………………………………………63
Figure 4-12 kA,m value of P25 and the x-Y particles…………………….68
Figure 4-14 SEM microphotographs C/ZnO (x＝0.4) calcined at (a)500℃ (b)700℃ (c) 900℃ (d) 1000℃…………………………..74
Figure 4-15 SEM microphotographs of C/ZnO (x＝0.9) calcined at 500℃ (b)700℃ (c) 900℃ (d) 1000℃………………………….76
Figure 4-16 SEM microphotographs of C/ZnO (x＝1.2) calcined at (a)
 500℃ (b)700℃ (c) 900℃ (d) 1000℃…….……..…….78
Figure 4-17 Average particle size of the x-Y particles………………….80
Figure 4-18 kA,BET vs. calcination temperatures for x=0 and x=0.9
 particles……………………………………………………82
Figure 4-19 TEM microphotography of (a)0-900℃ (b) 0.4- 900℃ (c) 0.9- 900℃………...…………………………………………….85
Figure 4-20 (a) (b) EDM of 0.9-900℃………………………………….87
Figure 4-21 PL emission spectra of different amount glucose calcined at 
(a)	500℃, (b) 700℃, (c) 900℃……………..…………….90

CONTENTS OF TABLES

Table 2-1-1 Physics properties of ZnO…………………………………...4
Table 2-2-2 Comparison of above three procedures……………………13
Table 2-2-3 advantages and drawbacks of the above three procedures…14
Table 3-1-1 Chemical reagents used in this study………………………25
Table 4-1 Definition of “x”……………………………………………...38
Table 4-2 Crystalline phase existing in the specimens obtained using
 different amount glucose and calcination temperatures………50
Table 4-3 Nomenclatures………………………………………………..60
Table 4-4 kA,m value of P25 and the x-Y particles………………………67
Table 4-5 Average particle size of the x-Y particles……………………79
Table 4-6 Surface area of x=0 and x=0.9 particles……………………...82

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