系統識別號 | U0002-2407201715112000 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2017.00854 |
論文名稱(中文) | 高層建築於干擾效應下氣動力及氣彈力實驗結果比較 |
論文名稱(英文) | Interference Effects of Highrise Building Based on Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Experiments |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 土木工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Civil Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 105 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 106 |
研究生(中文) | 陳紀柔 |
研究生(英文) | Chi-Jou Chen |
學號 | 604380088 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2017-07-13 |
論文頁數 | 122頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
羅元隆(142935@mail.tku.edu.tw)
委員 - 王人牧(wang@mail.tku.edu.tw) 委員 - 陳若華(rhchen@ctu.edu.tw) |
關鍵字(中) |
高層建築 氣彈實驗 干擾效應 干擾因子 |
關鍵字(英) |
High-rise building Aero-elastic test Interference effect Interference factor |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
風力對高層建築物的反應為高層建築物設計中重要的一環,本研究以建築物之間風力所造成的干擾效應影響比較為中心,比較氣動力實驗與氣彈力實驗結果在干擾效應影響下的差異性。實驗分為三個部分,第一部分為探討干擾效應下氣動力實驗─風壓量測法之建物整體平均風力係數、擾動風力係數與風力干擾因子;第二部分為比較不同風速與流場之干擾效應下氣彈力實驗─位移量測法之位移擾動值與位移干擾因子;第三部分為比較第一部分與第二部分之相同流場下不同實驗方法之干擾效應結果差異。 第一部分之實驗以國內現行規範之B地況作為逼近流場,模型高風速為9.2 m/s,並選用高寬比6、深寬比1的矩柱模型作為結構斷面與干擾建物斷面,共有32組試驗結果,分別為1個無干擾建物的單棟試驗與31個干擾位置的實驗。風壓實驗以數據分析為主,將得到的風壓歷時資料經過轉換後變為風力歷時資料,可進行第一部分之比較。再經時間域與頻率域分析後,將計算所得的結構擾動反應值與第二部分之氣彈力實驗結果的結構擾動反應值做比較,列出誤差值與位移干擾因子並找出差異較大的干擾位置與影響最為劇烈的干擾位置。第二部分為探討A、B、C三種地況、三個不同風速(6.5、9.2、11.6 m/s)下的位移反應比較,實驗方法為氣彈實驗,實驗模型與干擾建物模型皆為高寬比6深寬比1的模型,實驗共32組,分別為1個無干擾建物的單棟試驗與31個干擾位置的實驗。以實驗結果比較各風速下的結構擾動反應與位移干擾因子,歸納出干擾效應下不同流場與風速對高層建築物的結構擾動影響。 研究目的以實驗結果探討,在不同的實驗方法中所得到的結構擾動反應值之變化是否相同,誤差值大小與不同干擾位置之影響大小。並且期望能在氣彈力實驗中找出氣動力實驗無法預估的結構氣彈力現象。當結構物因風力而產生振動時兩棟建築物之間的交互影響作用是靜定氣動力實驗無法預測的,本研究期望能探討在不同風速與流場下,結構物的氣彈力現象之位移反應變化與干擾效應之影響。 |
英文摘要 |
Wind effects on high-rise buildings are one important topic in safety designs, especially the target building is neighbored by another one or even more high-rise buildings. This study intends to compare the differences between the result from aerodynamic test and the result from aeroelastic test. Physical scaling tests are planned in three parts: firstly aerodynamic test is conducted in order to understand mean and fluctuating force coefficients of a square prism model with interference effects; secondly aeroelastic test is conducted in order to examine the displacement variation under various velocities and terrain flows; thirdly results from both tests in common setup are compared to find the differences by four means of displacement estimation methodologies. For the first part, terrain B in Taiwan code is selected for flow simulation. Both the principal and the interfering models are square prism models with aspect ratio of 6. In total there are 32 interference effect cases. Instantaneous pressures over the surfaces of the principal model are measured and integrated into wind forces. For the second, terrain A, B, and C are simulated and three different velocities are adopted for aeroelastic model under interference effects. Displacements are recorded by laser sensors. By performing free vibration test, the model characteristics are found and the mechanical function is defined. Then four methodologies, time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, estimation by background component and resonant component, and direct displacement record, are performed in the third part. It is found that, adopting aerodynamic test for wind-induced response is not reliable compared to aeroelastic test since the wind-induced response with/without interference effects are much more complicated and need more investigations in systematic aeroelastic test work. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
目錄 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究方法 2 1.3 研究內容 3 1.4 論文架構 4 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1 風洞實驗之模擬 5 2.1.1 大氣邊界層之模擬 5 2.1.2 阻塞效應 6 2.1.3 雷諾數效應 6 2.2 干擾效應之於主要建物的風力影響 7 2.2.1 整體風力影響之定性描述 7 2.2.2 以干擾因子定義之定量描述 8 2.3 結構物之振動行為 9 2.3.1 逼近流與尾跡對結構物造成之運動機制 10 2.3.2 順風向振動 10 2.3.3 橫風向振動 10 第三章 理論背景 12 3.1 大氣邊界層特性 12 3.1.1 平均風速剖面 12 3.1.2 紊流強度 13 3.1.3 紊流長度尺度 14 3.1.4 縱向擾動風速頻譜 15 3.2 風與結構體之相互關係 16 3.2.1 氣動力現象 16 3.2.2 結構物之整體設計風載重 18 3.2.3 結構物局部設計風載重 20 3.2.4 風力作用下的位移反應計算 20 3.3 隨機數據理論 22 第四章 實驗設置與數據處理分析 24 4.1 實驗設置 24 4.1.1 風洞 24 4.1.2 模型 25 4.1.3 量測儀器 27 4.1.4 大氣邊界層流場模擬 31 4.2 數據採樣 32 4.3 氣彈力模型之模擬、率定、量測及數據分析 34 4.3.1 自由振動 34 4.3.2 風洞實驗及數據分析 36 4.4 氣動力實驗數據分析 36 4.4.1 風壓實驗之背景+共振方法 36 4.4.2 風壓實驗之頻率域分析 37 4.4.3 風壓實驗之時間域分析 37 第五章 實驗結果與討論 39 5.1 干擾效應下之氣動力實驗 39 5.1.1 干擾建物置於主要建物前方 39 5.1.2 干擾建物置於主要建物左前方 39 5.1.3 干擾建物置於主要建物左方 40 5.1.4 干擾建物置於主要建物左後方 40 5.1.5 干擾建物置於主要建物後方 40 5.2 干擾效應下之氣彈力實驗 49 5.2.1 干擾建物置於主要建物前方 49 5.2.2 干擾建物置於主要建物左前方 49 5.2.3 干擾建物置於主要建物左方 49 5.2.4 干擾建物置於主要建物左後方 50 5.2.5 干擾建物置於主要建物後方 50 5.3 氣動力及氣彈力實驗結果比較 63 5.3.1 干擾建物置於主要建物前方 63 5.3.2 干擾建物置於主要建物左前方 63 5.3.3 干擾建物置於主要建物左方 64 5.3.4 干擾建物置於主要建物左後方 64 5.3.5 干擾建物置於主要建物後方 64 第六章 結論與建議 69 6.1 結論 69 6.2 建議 70 參考文獻 71 [附錄A]氣彈力實驗之位移頻譜 75 [附錄B]氣彈力實驗之位移干擾因子分佈圖 107 [附錄C]氣動力及氣彈力實驗之頻譜比較 113 表目錄 表3-1 不同地況之指數律參數 12 表3-2 不同地況之地表粗糙長度尺度 13 表3-3 地表粗糙長度尺度對應之β 14 表4-1 風壓模型之樓層高度配置 25 表4-2 本研究風壓實驗所假設的各項相似性比例縮尺 33 表4-3 本研究氣彈力實驗所假設的各項相似性比例縮尺 33 表4-4 模型參數 35 表5-1 干擾建物置於主要建物前方之平均風力係數與擾動風力係數 41 表5-2 干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之平均風力係數與擾動風力係數 41 表5-3 干擾建物置於主要建物左方之平均風力係數與擾動風力係數 41 表5-4 干擾建物置於主要建物左後方之平均風力係數與擾動風力係數 42 表5-5 干擾建物置於主要建物後方之平均風力係數與擾動風力係數 42 表5-6 順風向位移擾動值 51 表5-7 橫風向位移擾動值 52 圖目錄 圖3-1紊流長度尺度參數C、m與高度z0關係圖 15 圖3-2鈍體分離流及渦漩示意圖 18 圖4-1淡江大學風工程研究中心第一號大氣邊界層風洞實驗室 24 圖4-2風壓模型主建物與干擾建物模型示意圖及照片 26 圖4-3氣彈模型主建物與干擾建物模型示意圖及照片 26 圖4-4座標版配置示意圖 27 圖4-5皮托管與壓力轉換器 28 圖4-6訊號擷取器 29 圖4-7壓力量測系統 29 圖4-8壓力訊號處理系統(RADBASE3200) 30 圖4-9 64頻道壓力感應器模組 30 圖4-10雷射位移計 31 圖4-11淡江大學大氣邊界層風洞實驗室擾流板與粗糙元素擺設示意圖 32 圖4-12 A、B、C地況之平均風速剖面及紊流強度 32 圖4-13氣彈架構 34 圖4-14自由振動模型位移歷時 35 圖5-1干擾建物置於主要建物前方之順風向約化頻譜 43 圖5-2干擾建物置於主要建物前方之橫風向約化頻譜 43 圖5-3干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之順風向約化頻譜 44 圖5-4干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之橫風向約化頻譜 44 圖5-5干擾建物置於主要建物左方之順風向約化頻譜 45 圖5-6干擾建物置於主要建物左方之橫風向約化頻譜 45 圖5-7干擾建物置於主要建物左後方之順風向約化頻譜 46 圖5-8干擾建物置於主要建物左後方之橫風向約化頻譜 46 圖5-9干擾建物置於主要建物後方之順風向約化頻譜 47 圖5-10干擾建物置於主要建物後方之橫風向約化頻譜 47 圖5-11順風向風力干擾因子分佈圖 48 圖5-12橫風向風力干擾因子分佈圖 48 圖5-13干擾建物置於主要建物正前方之順風向結構擾動反應比較 53 圖5-14干擾建物置於主要建物正前方之橫風向結構擾動反應比較 54 圖5-15干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之順風向結構擾動反應比較 55 圖5-16干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之橫風向結構擾動反應比較 56 圖5-17干擾建物置於主要建物左方之順風向結構擾動反應比較 57 圖5-18干擾建物置於主要建物左方之橫風向結構擾動反應比較 58 圖5-19干擾建物置於主要建物左後方之順風向結構擾動反應比較 59 圖5-20干擾建物置於主要建物左後方之橫風向結構擾動反應比較 60 圖5-21干擾建物置於主要建物後方之順風向結構擾動反應比較 61 圖5-22干擾建物置於主要建物後方之橫風向結構擾動反應比較 62 圖5-23干擾建物置於主要建物前方之順風向位移干擾因子折線圖 65 圖5-24干擾建物置於主要建物前方之橫風向位移干擾因子折線圖 65 圖5-25干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之順風向位移干擾因子折線圖 65 圖5-26干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之橫風向位移干擾因子折線圖 66 圖5-27干擾建物置於主要建物左方之順風向位移干擾因子折線圖 66 圖5-28干擾建物置於主要建物左方之橫風向位移干擾因子折線圖 66 圖5-29干擾建物置於主要建物左後方之順風向位移干擾因子折線圖 67 圖5-30干擾建物置於主要建物左後方之橫風向位移干擾因子折線圖 67 圖5-31干擾建物置於主要建物後方之順風向位移干擾因子折線圖 67 圖5-32干擾建物置於主要建物後方之橫風向位移干擾因子折線圖 68 圖A-1單棟之A、B、C地況位移頻譜 75 圖A-2干擾建物位置x/B=1.5,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 76 圖A-3干擾建物位置x/B=2,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 77 圖A-4干擾建物位置x/B=2.5,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 78 圖A-5干擾建物位置x/B=3,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 79 圖A-6干擾建物位置x/B=4,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 80 圖A-7干擾建物位置x/B=5,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 81 圖A-8干擾建物位置x/B=6,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 82 圖A-9干擾建物位置x/B=1.5,y/B=1.5, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 83 圖A-10干擾建物位置x/B=2,y/B=2, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 84 圖A-11干擾建物位置x/B=2.5,y/B=2.5, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 85 圖A-12干擾建物位置x/B=3,y/B=3, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 86 圖A-13干擾建物位置x/B=4,y/B=4, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 87 圖A-14干擾建物位置x/B=5,y/B=5, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 88 圖A-15干擾建物位置x/B=6,y/B=6, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 89 圖A-16干擾建物位置x/B=0,y/B=1.5, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 90 圖A-17干擾建物位置x/B=0,y/B=2, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 91 圖A-18干擾建物位置x/B=0,y/B=2.5, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 92 圖A-19干擾建物位置x/B=0,y/B=3, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 93 圖A-20干擾建物位置x/B=0,y/B=4, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 94 圖A-21干擾建物位置x/B=0,y/B=5, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 95 圖A-22干擾建物位置x/B=0,y/B=6, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 96 圖A-23干擾建物位置x/B=-1.5,y/B=1.5, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 97 圖A-24干擾建物位置x/B=-2,y/B=2,A、B、C地況位移頻譜 98 圖A-25干擾建物位置x/B=-2.5,y/B=2.5, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 99 圖A-26干擾建物位置x/B=-3,y/B=3, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 100 圖A-27干擾建物位置x/B=-4,y/B=4, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 101 圖A-28干擾建物位置x/B=-1.5,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 102 圖A-29干擾建物位置x/B=-2,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 103 圖A-30干擾建物位置x/B=-2.5,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 104 圖A-31干擾建物位置x/B=-3,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 105 圖A-32干擾建物位置x/B=-4,y/B=0, A、B、C地況位移頻譜 106 圖B-1 A地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=6.5) 107 圖B-2 A地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=9.2) 107 圖B-3 A地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=11.6) 107 圖B-4 A地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=6.5) 108 圖B-5 A地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=9.2) 108 圖B-6 A地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=11.6) 108 圖B-7 B地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=6.5) 109 圖B-8 B地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=9.2) 109 圖B-9 B地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=11.6) 109 圖B-10 B地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=6.5) 110 圖B-11 B地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=9.2) 110 圖B-12 B地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=11.6) 110 圖B-13 C地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=6.5) 111 圖B-14 C地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=9.2) 111 圖B-15 C地況順風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=11.6) 111 圖B-16 C地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=6.5) 112 圖B-17 C地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=9.2) 112 圖B-18 C地況橫風向位移干擾因子分佈圖(U=11.6) 112 圖C-1干擾建物置於主要建物前方之順風向位移頻譜比較 113 圖C-2干擾建物置於主要建物前方之橫風向位移頻譜比較 114 圖C-3干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之順風向位移頻譜比較 115 圖C-4干擾建物置於主要建物左前方之橫風向位移頻譜比較 116 圖C-5干擾建物置於主要建物左方之順風向位移頻譜比較 117 圖C-6干擾建物置於主要建物左方之橫風向位移頻譜比較 118 圖C-7干擾建物置於主要建物左後方之順風向位移頻譜比較 119 圖C-8干擾建物置於主要建物左方之橫風向位移頻譜比較 120 圖C-9干擾建物置於主要建物後方之順風向位移頻譜比較 121 圖C-10 干擾建物置於主要建物後方之橫風向位移頻譜比較 122 |
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