本論文主要探討氧化鋅的電子結構和磁性間的關連性，利用同步輻射光的特性，對氧化鋅的四種不同幾何結構樣品，奈米線(Nanowires)、奈米柱(Nanorods)、奈米仙人掌狀(Nanocactus)、奈米葉片狀(Nanosheets)來進行實驗。樣品在奈米尺寸下可以得到室溫鐵磁性，探討磁性貢獻來源就是本論文的重點。光激發螢光光譜(PL)實驗看出樣品缺陷大小，再由 X光激發發光光譜(XEOL)來探討缺陷的大小是由Zn或是O所提供;用延伸X光吸收光譜精細結構(EXAFS)來比較不同幾何形狀ZnO樣品原子結構的亂度，看是否和磁性有直接的關係；利用價電帶光電子能譜(VB-PES)觀看原子間的交互作用和電子已佔據態的多寡，O的2p和Zn的3d/4sp 軌域是否跟磁性排列大小有所關連；而探討磁性最直接的 X光磁圓偏振二相性(XMCD)，實驗結果得知，O的K-edge在磁性的貢獻遠比Zn的L3,2-edge來的大，配合理論計算結果算出磁性來源是因為Zn原子有缺陷導致磁性產生。

In present investigation, the origin of magnetism in ZnO nanowires, nanorods, nanocactus and nanosheets have been studied using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM) techniques. All the ZnO nanostructure samples show room temperature ferromagnetism with slightly difference in saturation magnetization. The surface defects/ vacancies were related to the origin of magnetism in ZnO nanostructures. The presence of defects/vacancies were clearly observed in photoluminescence and Zn L3,2-edge and O K-edge X-ray excited optical luminescence studies. The increasing in density of states near Fermi level (Ef) due to surface defects/vacancies concentration was clearly observed in SPEM study. Furthermore, O K- and Zn L3,2- edge XMCD studies suggest magnetism in ZnO nanostructures is due to O 2p orbitals rather than Zn 3d orbitals.

目  錄
致謝	Ⅰ
中文摘要	Ⅱ
英文摘要	Ⅲ
目錄	Ⅳ
圖表目錄	Ⅵ
第一章、 緒論	1
第二章、 X光吸收光譜簡介	3
(一)、吸收邊緣與E0值	5
(二)、X光吸收近邊緣結構 (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure、XANES)	6
(三)、延伸X光吸收精細結構 (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure、EXAFS)	7
(四)、實驗方法	12
(五)、數據分析	16
第三章、X 光磁圓偏振二向性簡介 (X-ray Magnetic Circular         Dichroism、XMCD)	20
(一)、理論模型	20
(二)、實驗方法	21
第四章、 實驗數據分析與討論	24
(一)、樣品製備與基本量測	24
(二)、實驗數據分析與討論	27
(1) X光繞射(XRD) 	27
(2)超導量子干涉儀(Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, SQUID)	29
(3)光激發螢光光譜(Photoluminescence spectroscopy, PL) 	31
(4) X光激發發光光譜(X-ray Excited Optical Photoluminescence, XEOL)	33
(5) 延伸X光吸收光譜精細結構(Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, EXAFS)	38
(6)價電帶光電子能譜(Valence-Band Photoemission Spectrascopy , VB-PES)	41
(7) X光磁圓偏振二向性 (X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism, XMCD)	48
(8)軟X光穿透式顯微術(Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy, STXM)	52
 (9)理論計算	58
第五章、結論	60
參考文獻	62
圖表目錄
圖2-1 光子能量與銅吸收截面關係圖	4
圖2-2 XANES與EXAFS分界圖		9
圖2-3 光電子平均自由路徑與能量關係圖	9
圖2-4 單一散射與多重散射之圖像(a) 為單一散射路程示意圖
      (b) 為多重散射路程示意圖	10
圖2-5 射出電子受鄰近原子的背向散射，而產生干涉現象
(a) 建設性干涉 (b) 破壞性干涉	11
圖2-6 X光吸收光譜實驗示意圖	13
圖2-7 三種光譜量測方法	15
圖2-8 X光吸收光譜之數據分析流程	16
圖3-1 Ni L3,2-edge 吸收光譜。實線和虛線分別表示Ni 對正磁場和負磁場的X光吸收光譜	23
圖3-2 Ni L3,2-edge XMCD 譜圖	23
圖4-1 ZnO的俯視和側邊電子顯微鏡影像(a) NW的SEM影像 (b) NC的SEM影像 (c) NR的SEM影像 (d) NS的SEM影像
	26
圖4-2 ZnO (NW、NR、NC、NS)和ITO的X光繞射圖譜	28
圖4-3 (a) 室溫下量測NW、NC、NR、NS樣品鐵磁性的SQUID	30
(b) 用入射波長325 nm雷射所做的PL譜圖	32
(c) 將波長325 nm歸一化後比較缺陷峰強度	32
圖4-4 XEOL之譜圖 (a) NW O K-edge (e) NW Zn L3,2-edge	34
圖4-4 XEOL之譜圖 (b) NR O K-edge (f) NR Zn L3,2-edge	35
圖4-4 XEOL之譜圖 (c) NC O K-edge (g) NC Zn L3,2-edge	36
圖4-4 XEOL之譜圖 (d) NS O K-edge (h) NS Zn L3,2-edge	37
圖4-5 Zn K-edge EXAFS傅立葉轉換圖	40
圖4-6 (a) NW價電帶光電子能譜	42
      (b) NR價電帶光電子能譜	43
(c) NC價電帶光電子能譜	44
(d) NS價電帶光電子能譜	45
(e) NW、NR、NC及NS樣品中間位置價電帶光電子能譜
	46
(f) NW、NR、NC及NS樣品頂端位置價電帶光電子能譜
	47
圖4-7 (a) 正負磁場下O的 K-edge及XMCD譜圖	50
(b) 正負磁場下Zn的L3,2-edge及XMCD譜圖	51
圖4-8 NW (a) SEM (b) STXM (c)所選取的範圍和對應的XAS	54
NC (a) SEM (b) STXM (c)所選取的範圍和對應的XAS	55
NR (a) SEM (b) STXM (c)所選取的範圍和對應的XAS	56
NS (a) SEM (b) STXM (c)所選取的範圍和對應的XAS	57
圖4-9 Zn缺陷下的DOS圖	59

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