§ 瀏覽學位論文書目資料
  
系統識別號 U0002-2407200813204000
DOI 10.6846/TKU.2008.00861
論文名稱(中文) 馬來西亞外籍勞工發展趨勢
論文名稱(英文) Foreign Workers in Malaysia:Emergence and Trends of Development
第三語言論文名稱
校院名稱 淡江大學
系所名稱(中文) 東南亞研究所碩士班
系所名稱(英文) Graduate Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
外國學位學校名稱
外國學位學院名稱
外國學位研究所名稱
學年度 96
學期 2
出版年 97
研究生(中文) 蔡君豪
研究生(英文) Chun-Hao Tasi
學號 694230045
學位類別 碩士
語言別 繁體中文
第二語言別
口試日期 2008-06-12
論文頁數 79頁
口試委員 指導教授 - 蔡青龍
委員 - 林欽明
委員 - 吳德美
關鍵字(中) 馬來西亞
外籍勞工
人力資源
勞工移動
關鍵字(英) Malaysia
foreign workers
manpower
labor migration
第三語言關鍵字
學科別分類
中文摘要
馬來西亞運用外地勞工有其悠久的歷史。到了今日,馬來西亞則成為亞洲地區的國際半技術與非技術勞工移動路線體系內的成員,其境內擁有數量龐大的外籍勞動力。然而馬來西亞政府對於非法外籍勞工的控制能力甚低,再加上官方對於非法外籍勞工的態度不明,使得各界難以從官方資料來完全得知馬來西亞整體外籍勞動力的發展趨勢。因此要深入了解馬來西亞外籍勞工的發展趨勢,勢必要從學者、政府組織以及非政府組織的相關調查與研究,進行資料的整理與分析。所以本研究所進行探討的馬來西亞外籍勞工發展趨勢的研究成果,或許可以提供一些資訊給未來從事相關研究的學者參考。
    本研究主要採用文獻分析方法,並將外籍勞工發展趨勢的探討面向分成數量、地理區位與就業結構三方面。在數量方面,本研究探討外籍勞工出現背景、外籍勞工數量成長趨勢與非法外籍勞工現象。在地理區位方面,本研究探討外籍勞工的來源地、所在地與非法印尼籍勞工的地理區位特性。在就業結構方面,本研究探討外籍勞工就業的產業結構、不同國籍勞工就業的產業結構以及外籍勞工就業對馬來西亞的影響。
    本研究結果發現,馬來西亞外籍勞工發展趨勢有以下八點現象:一、外籍勞工的出現背景與數量成長皆與經濟發展有密切關係;二、馬來西亞境內有大量非法工作者;三、政治因素介入對於外籍勞工數量有限縮的影響;四、外籍勞工來源地越來越多樣化;五、外籍勞工所在地分布同樣受到經濟與政治影響;六、印、馬兩國的地理區位接近而造成大量印尼籍非法移民;七、外籍勞工就業的產業結構由農業和營造業轉移到製造業與服務業;八、適當且適量的運用外籍勞工有助於馬來西亞發展。
英文摘要
Malaysia has its glorious history using the outside areas laborer. Today, Malaysia becomes the international half technology and the non- technical laborer axis member of movement system in Asian area. Its within the boundaries has the quantity huge foreign labor force. However Malaysian government has really low control for the illegal foreign laborer. Official is in addition unclear regarding the illegal foreign laborer's manner. Causes it is difficulty to know the Malaysian whole foreign labor force with all walks of life from the official material the development tendency. Therefore must thoroughly understand the Malaysian foreign laborer's development tendency. Potential essential from scholar, official organization as well as non- official organization's correlation investigation and research, carries on the material the reorganization and the analysis. Therefore this research institute carries on the discussion the Malaysian foreign laborer development tendency research results. Perhaps will be allowed to provide some information to be engaged in the correlation research to the future the scholar reference.

This research mainly uses the literature analysis method. And face divides into the foreign laborer development tendency discussion the quantity、geography position and employment structure three aspects. In quantitative aspect, this research discussion foreign laborer appears the background, the foreign quantity of labor growth tendency and the illegal foreign laborer phenomenon. In geography position aspect, this research discussion foreign laborer's origin, locus and illegal Indonesian nationality laborer's geography position characteristic. The industrial structure as well as the foreign laborer which in the employment structure aspect, which this research discussion foreign laborer gets employed the industrial structure, the different nationality laborers gets employed gets employed to Malaysia's influence.

This finding discovered below that, the Malaysian foreign laborer development tendency has eight phenomena:
    First, the foreign laborer's appearance background and the quantity grow all has the close relation with the economical development;
    Second, within the boundaries of Malaysia have the massive illegal workers.
    Third, the political factor involvement the influence that limitedly shrinks regarding the foreign quantity of labor; 
Fourth, the foreign laborer originates more and more diverse; 
Fifth, the foreign laborer locus distribution similarly receives the economy and the political influence;
Sixth, India, the horse both countries geography position approaches creates the massive Indonesian nationality illegal immigration;
Seventh, the foreign laborer gets employed industrial structure from agriculture and building industry shift to manufacturing industry and service industry;
Eighth, suitable also the right amount utilization foreign laborer is helpful to Malaysia develops.
第三語言摘要
論文目次
目錄

第一章	 緒論 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—1—
第一節	 研究背景與動機 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—1—
第二節  研究目的 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—5—
第三節  研究設計與限制 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—6—
第四節  文獻回顧 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—10—

第二章  馬來西亞外籍勞工數量發展趨勢 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—16—
第一節  外籍勞工的出現背景 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—16—
第二節  外籍勞工數量成長趨勢 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—24—
第三節  非法外籍勞工現象 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—30—

第三章  馬來西亞外籍勞工地理區位發展趨勢 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—36—
第一節  外籍勞工來源地 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—36—
第二節  外籍勞工所在地 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—44—
第三節  非法印尼籍勞工的地理區位特性 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—48—

第四章  馬來西亞外籍勞工的就業結構發展趨勢 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—52—
第一節  外籍勞工就業的產業結構 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—52—
第二節  不同國籍勞工就業的產業結構 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—56—
第三節  外籍勞工就業對馬來西亞的影響 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—61—

第五章  結論 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—68—
第一節  研究發現 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—68—
第二節  未來研究課題 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—71—

參考文獻 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—73—

圖次

圖1-1、研究架構 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—9—
圖3-1、二次大戰之前印尼前往馬來西亞的勞工移動圖 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—50—
圖3-2、馬來西亞非法印尼移民路線圖 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—51—

表次

表1-1、1990年代晚期亞洲國家的人口移出與移入分類 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—4—
表2-1、1970年東南亞各國人口相關資料 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—20—
表2-2、1960-1980年東南亞與南亞國家的每人平均國民生產毛額 ﹒﹒﹒﹒—20—
表2-3、1946-1970年馬來半島、沙巴與沙勞越所登記的粗出生率、粗死亡率與粗自然增加率 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—21—
表2-4、1970至1980年馬來西亞與東南亞國家的勞動力情勢 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—22—
表2-5、1970年與1980年馬來西亞主要經濟部門雇用員工的百分比 ﹒﹒﹒—23—
表2-6、馬來西亞境內外籍勞工數量估計 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—28—
表2-7、1971-2003年馬來西亞歷年國內生產毛額GDP成長率 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—29—
表2-8、1975-2000年馬來西亞歷年失業率 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—29—
表2-9、馬來西亞外籍勞工工作的法律地位 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—34—
表2-10、1994年馬來西亞外籍勞工依部門別徵收外勞稅表 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—34—
表2-11、馬來西亞外籍勞工更新工作證的費用 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—35—
表2-12、1997-2002年已登記的外籍勞工中發現傳染病的類型 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—35—
表3-1、馬來西亞官方許可的外籍勞工來源國和工作部門 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—39—
表3-2、2007年東南亞、中亞與南亞國家的平均每人國內生產毛額(GDP)及其購買力平價(PPP)等值表3-3、馬來西亞外籍勞工國籍別 ﹒﹒﹒—40—
表3-3、馬來西亞外籍勞工國籍別 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—41—
表3-4、馬來西亞核發外籍勞工臨時工作證的國籍別 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—42—
表3-5、1992年馬來西亞非法印尼移民的出生地 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—42—
表3-6、1991年吉隆坡的非法印尼移民的來源地 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—43—
表3-7、馬來西亞外籍人士的行政區域分布 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—46—
表3-8、1993-1999年馬來西亞已登記的外籍勞工數量與百分比分布 ﹒﹒﹒—46—
表3-9、1994年馬來西亞發給外籍勞工臨時工作證的行政區分布 ﹒﹒﹒﹒—47—
表4-1、馬來半島所核發給外籍勞工的臨時工作證的資料統計 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—54—
表4-2、馬來西亞外籍勞工就業的產業別 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—54—
表4-3、1992—1998年馬來西亞與馬來半島外籍勞工工作證的產業別 ﹒﹒—54—
表4-4、2001年沙巴與2003年沙勞越登記的外籍勞工就業的產業分布 ﹒﹒—55—
表次(續)

表4-5、1994年馬來半島發出臨時工作證的地區別與產業別交叉比較 ﹒﹒—55—
表4-6、1999年馬來西亞發出臨時工作證給非技術勞工國籍別與產業別的交叉比較 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—58—
表4-7、2000年1-9月馬來半島所發出的外籍勞工臨時工作證 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—59—
表4-8、1994年馬來半島臨時工作證的來源國與產業部門的交叉比較 ﹒﹒—59—
表4-9、1992—1995年馬來半島外籍勞工工作證的國籍別與產業別交叉比較 
﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—60—
表4-10、2001年沙巴登記的外籍勞工產業別與國籍別 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—60—
表4-11、2003年砂勞越登記的外籍勞工產業別與國籍別 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—60—
表4-12、1980年與2001年馬來西亞各個經濟部門的貢獻度 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—66—
表4-13、1990年與2000年馬來西亞主要經濟部門雇用員工的百分比 ﹒﹒—66—
表4-14、1993年估計馬來西亞外國與全體勞動力依產業別的就業分布 ﹒﹒—66—
表4-15、東南亞各國勞動力成長率 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—67—
表4-16、1990-2003年馬來西亞勞動力參與率 ﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒﹒—67—
參考文獻
參考文獻
中文部分:
林梅(2006)<馬來西亞的印尼勞工問題>。北京市:《當代亞太》10:59-64。
姚珠鈴(2007)<馬來西亞外勞現狀分析>。昆明市:《東南亞》1:26-31。
高偉濃、鍾劍峰(2003)<20世紀70年紀以來國際移民對馬來西亞的影響>。南寧市:《東南亞縱橫》4:28-31。
廖小健(2002)<馬來西亞的外勞問題及其影響>。北京市:《當代亞太》11:49-53。
劉蕓蕓(2005)<馬來西亞族群別婦女勞動參與之趨勢,1957-2000>。台北:淡江大學東南亞研究所碩士論文。
謝東翰(2005)<馬來西亞勞動力素質分析>。台北:淡江大學東南亞研究所碩士論文。
羅紀琼(2007)<台灣外籍勞工研究>。台北:中央研究院。
英文部分:
Ahmad﹐Shamsulbahriah Ku(2003)“The Constant Flux﹐the Mobile Reserve and the Limits of Control:Malaysia and the Legal Dimensions of International migration”in Robyn Iredale, Charles Hawksley, Stephen Castles﹒Migration in the Asia Pacific: population, settlement, and citizenship issues﹒Edward Elgar﹒pp﹒141-157﹒
Ahmad﹐Sharifah Suhanah Syed(2001)“Foreign labor in Malaysia”in  Supang Chantavanich﹐eds﹒Thai migrant workers in Southeast Asia:the prospects of Thailand's migration policy in light of the regional economic recession﹐Vol﹒1﹐Conditions in destination countries﹒Bangkok:Asian Research Center for Migration﹐Institute of Asian Studies﹐Chulalongkorn University﹒pp﹒217-221﹒
Asis﹐Maruja M﹒B(2004)“Borders﹐Globalization and Irregular Migration in Southeast Asia”in Ananta﹐Aris;Arifin﹐Evi Nurvidya﹐eds﹒International migration in Southeast Asia﹒Singapore:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies﹒pp﹒199-227﹒
Athukorala﹐Prema-chandra(2006)“International Labour Migration in East Asia:trends﹐patterns and policy issues”Asian-Pacific Economic Literature(Canberra)20, no. 1, pp. 18-39﹒
Athukorala, Prema-chandra(2004)“Patterns, economic implications and policy issues in international labour migration [Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand]” In Brouwer, Gordon; Kawai, Masahiro, eds. Exchange rate regimes in East Asia. London;New York: RoutledgeCurzon﹒pp﹒197-218﹒
Athukorala, Prema-chandra(2003)Trade policy﹐growth and poverty in Asian developing countries﹒New York: Routledge﹒
Athukorala, Prema-chandra(2002)Crisis and recovery in Malaysia:the role of capital control﹒Cheltenham﹐UK:Edward Elgar﹒
Athukorala﹐Prema-chandra(2001)Employment Intensive Development:The Malaysia Experience﹒Geneva:International Labour Office﹒
Athukorala, Prema-chandra;Chris﹐Manning(1999)Structural Change and International Migration in East Asia:Adjusting to labour scarcity﹒New York : Oxford University Press﹒
Athukorala, Prema-chandra;Jayant Menon(1999)“Outward Orientation and Economic Development in Malaysia”The Economic Development of Southeast Asia﹐Vol﹒2﹒pp﹒1119-1139﹒
Danvivathana﹐Pornchai(2001)“Comparative study on labor regulation in three destination countries〔Japan﹐Malaysia﹐Singapore〕”in Supang Chantavanich﹐eds﹒Thai migrant workers in Southeast Asia:the prospects of Thailand's migration policy in light of the regional economic recession﹐Vol﹒2﹐Returnees to Thailand﹒Bangkok:Asian Research Center for Migration﹐Institute of Asian Studies﹐Chulalongkorn University﹒pp﹒101-105﹒
Dato’Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil(2003)﹐The Progress of Malaysia Women Since Independence 1957-2000﹒Kuala Lumpur:Ministry of women and Family Development﹒
East-West Center(2002)“The future of population in Asia”Honolulu:East-West Center﹒
Hing﹐Ai Yun(2000)“Migration and the reconfiguration of Malaysia”Journal of Contemporary Asia(Manila)﹐30﹐no﹒2:221-245﹒
Hugo﹐Graeme(2004)“International labour migration in the Asia-Pacific region:emerging trends and issues”in Douglas S Massey;J. Edward Taylor﹒International migration : prospects and policies in a global market﹒Oxford University Press﹐New York﹒pp﹒77-103﹒
Hugo﹐Graeme(1993)“Indonesian labour migration to Malaysia:trends and policy implications”Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science(Singapore)21﹐no﹒1:36-70﹒
Iguchi﹐Yasushi(2001)“Migration Policies in East and South-Asia in the 21 Century” in International Migration in Asia:Trends and Policies﹒Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development﹒pp﹒21-34﹒
Ito﹐Shoichi;Iguchi﹐Yasushi(1994)“Japanese direct investment and its impact on migration in the ASEAN4〔Philippines﹐Malaysia﹐Indonesia and Thailand〕”Asian and Pacific Migration Journal(Quezon City)3﹐no﹒2:265-294﹒
Kanapathy ﹐Vijayakumari(2001)“International Migration and Labor Market Adjustments in Malaysia:The Role of Foreign Labor Management Policies” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal(Quezon City)10﹐no﹒3-4:429-461﹒
Kanapathy﹐Vijayakumari(2004)“International labour migration in Malaysia:Trends﹐policies and impact on the economy”Paper presented at the conference on Cross-border Labour and East Asian Integration﹐East Asia Development Network﹐Institute of Strategic and International Studies﹐9-10 July﹐Jakarta﹒
Kantner﹐John F﹒and Lee McCaffrey﹐eds﹒(1975)Population and development in Southeast Asia﹐Lexington:Mass﹒Lexington Books﹒
Kassim ﹐Azizah(2003)“Economic slowdown and its impact on cross-national migration and policy on alien employment in Malaysia”in Migration and the labour market in Asia:recent trends and policies﹒Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development﹒pp﹒325-348﹒
Kassim ﹐Azizah(2002)“Malaysia〔international migration and the labor market〕”in Migration and the labour market in Asia:recent trends and policies﹒Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development﹒pp﹒231-255﹒
Kassim ﹐Azizah(2001a)“Integration of Foreign Workers and Illegal Employment in Malaysia” in International Migration in Asia:Trends and Policies﹒Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development﹒pp﹒113-135﹒
Kassim ﹐Azizah(2001b)“Recent Trends in Migration Movements and Policies in Malaysia”in International Migration in Asia:Trends and Policies﹒Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development﹒pp﹒261-284﹒
Kaur﹐Amarjit(2005)“Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia:from preferred migrants to 'last to be hired' workers”Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs(Sydney)39﹐no﹒2:3-30﹒
Kurus﹐Bilson(2004)“Regional migrant workers flows:outlook for Malaysia”in Ananta﹐Aris;Arifin﹐Evi Nurvidya﹐eds﹒International migration in Southeast Asia﹒Singapore:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies﹒pp﹒331-351﹒
Kuruvilla﹐Sarosh(1996)“Linkages between industrialization strategies and industrial relations/human resource policies:Singapore﹐Malaysia﹐the Philippines﹐and India”Industrial and Labor Relations Review(Ithaca﹐NY)49﹐no﹒4:635-657﹒
Lee﹐Kiong-Hock;Sivananthiran﹐A(1996)“Contract labour in Malaysia:perspectives of principal employers﹐contractors﹐and workers”International Labour Review(Geneva)135﹐no﹒1:75-91﹒
Lian﹐Kwen Fee;Md Mizanur Rahman(2006)“International labour recruitment:channelling Bangladeshi labour to East and South-East Asia〔Singapore﹐Malaysia﹐Korea﹐Japan〕”Asia-Pacific Population Journal(Bangkok)21﹐no﹒1:85-107﹒
Lim﹐Lin Lean(1996)“The migration transition in Malaysia” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal(Quezon City)5﹐no﹒2:319-337﹒
Liow﹐Joseph(2003)“Malaysia's illegal Indonesian migrant labour problem:in search of solutions”Contemporary Southeast Asia(Singapore)25﹐no﹒1:44-64﹒
Manning﹐Chris(2002)“Structural Change﹐Economic Crisis and International Labour Migration in East Asia”World Economy(NY)25﹐no﹒3:359-385﹒
Mazumdar﹐Dipak(1993)“Labor markets and adjustment in open Asian economies:the Republic of Korea and Malaysia”World Bank Economic Review(Washington﹐DC)7﹐no﹒3:349-380﹒
Miyake﹐Hiroyuki(2002)“The situation of overseas migrant workers from Bangladesh in the 1990s:(with special reference to the case of temporary migration to Malaysia)”in Hase﹐Yasuro;Miyake﹐Hiroyuki;Oshikawa﹐Fumiko﹐eds﹒South Asian migration in comparative perspective:movement﹐settlement and diaspora﹒Osaka:Japan Center for Area Studies﹐National Museum of Ethnology﹒pp﹒351-372﹒
Muhamad Nadratuzzaman Hosen(2005)“Governance of Indonesian labour and migration to Malaysia;an overview”Review of Indonesian and Malaysia Affairs(Sydney)39﹐no﹒2:31-44﹒
Muhamed﹐Khadija;Supang Chantavanich(2001)“Thai migrant workers in Malaysia”in Supang Chantavanich﹐eds﹒ Thai migrant workers in Southeast Asia:the prospects of Thailand's migration policy in light of the regional economic recession﹐Vol﹒1﹐Conditions in destination countries﹒Bangkok:Asian Research Center for Migration﹐Institute of Asian Studies﹐Chulalongkorn University﹒pp﹒119-128﹒
Nasution﹐M﹒Arif(2003)“International Migration in Southeast Asia:A Case Study of Indonesian Workers in the Malaysian Peninsula” in Robyn Iredale, Charles Hawksley, Stephen Castles﹒Migration in the Asia Pacific: population, settlement, and citizenship issues﹒Edward Elgar﹒pp﹒159-168﹒
Nayagam﹐James(1992)“Migration labor absorption in Malaysia”Asian and Pacific Migration Journal(Quezon City)1﹐no﹒3:477-494﹒
Pillai﹐Patrick(1995)“Malaysia〔and labor migration〕”ASEAN Economic Bulletin(Singapore)12﹐no﹒2:221-236﹒
Pillai﹐Patrick(1996)“Labour market developments and international migration in Malaysia”in Migration and the labour market in Asia:prospects to the year 2000﹒Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development﹒pp﹒137-149﹒
Pillai﹐Patrick;Zainal Aznam Yosof(1998)“Malaysia:Trends and recent developments in international migration”in Migration and regional economic integration in Asia﹒Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development﹒pp﹒133-143﹒
Piper﹐Nicola(2006)“Migrant worker activism in Singapore and Malaysia:freedom of association and the role of the state” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal(Quezon City)15﹐no﹒3:359-380﹒
Ramasamy﹐P(2006)“Globalization and transitional migration:the Malaysia state's response to voluntary and forced migration” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal(Quezon City)15﹐no﹒1:137-157﹒
Ramasamy﹐P(2004)“International migration and conflict:foreign labour in Malaysia”in Ananta﹐Aris;Arifin﹐Evi Nurvidya﹐eds﹒International migration in Southeast Asia﹒Singapore:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies﹒pp﹒273-295﹒
Watanabe﹐Machiko(2003)“Economic Development and International Labour Migration in Malaysia”in Yasuko Hayase﹐eds﹒International Migration in APEC Member Economies:Its Relations with Trade﹐Investment and Economic Development﹒APEC Study Center﹐Institute of Developing Economies﹐JETRO﹐JAPAN﹒pp﹒169-198﹒
Wickramasekara﹐Piyasiri(2001)“Labour Migration in Asia:Issues and Challenges” in International Migration in Asia:Trends and Policies﹒Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development﹒pp﹒35-59﹒
Tsai﹐Pan-Long;Ching-Lung Tsay(2004)“Foreign direct investment and international labour migration in economic development:Indonesia﹐Malaysia﹐Philippines and Thailand” in Ananta﹐Aris;Arifin﹐Evi Nurvidya﹐eds﹒International migration in Southeast Asia﹒Singapore:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies﹒pp﹒94-136﹒
網路部分:
中華民國(台灣)行政院勞工委員會Council of Labor Affairs﹒Executive Yuan Taiwan
網址:http://www.cla.gov.tw/
馬來西亞統計局Department of statistics Malaysia
網址:http://www.statistics.gov.my/
馬來西亞中央銀行Central Bank of Malaysia
網址:http://www.bnm.gov.my/
馬來西亞移民署Immigration Department of Malaysia
網址:http://www.imi.gov.my/eng/im_Page1.asp
馬來西亞人力資源部Ministry of Human Resources﹐Malaysia
網址:http://www.mohr.gov.my/
國際勞工組織International Labour Organization
網址:http://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm
國際貨幣基金會International Monetary Fund
網址:http://www.imf.org/external/
Migration Dialogue
網址:http://migration.ucdavis.edu/index.php
新加坡聯合早報
網址:http://www.zaobao.com/
美國中央情報局的世界各國記實年鑑
網址:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
馬來西亞華語規範委員會
網址:http://www.guifan.net.my/index.asp
論文全文使用權限
校內
校內紙本論文立即公開
同意電子論文全文授權校園內公開
校內電子論文延後至2011-11-11公開
校內書目立即公開
校外
同意授權
校外電子論文延後至2011-11-11公開

如有問題,歡迎洽詢!
圖書館數位資訊組 (02)2621-5656 轉 2487 或 來信