| 英文摘要 |
China is the world's largest market for Chinese-language film industry. The changes in its market have a great impact on the global film industry. The film industry is one of the industries that directly affects the culture of other countries. It can expand the country's soft power and contribute to the country's economic development. It can also attract multinational film and television companies to expand investment. In recent years, BAT (Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent) and other non-governmental "Internet companies" have also interdisciplinary into the film industry, and accelerated the expansion of the film industry in China.
During the "Cultural Revolution" in China, the film culture was severely hit. The theme of film production was limited. Only the "model opera" was left. The film at that time had a strong political flavor, but the literary and artistic works covered by political ideas still retained a certain degree. In addition, in 1964, Zhou Enlai initiated an epic color film "Oriental Red" which combines music, dance and poetry. This is the first color film in China. It is the content of the modern history of the Chinese nation. Many revolutionary film songs have been sung to this day. At the end of the Cultural Revolution, people who had been politically cleansed called for scar literature. These literary works were constantly adapted into films, rethinking all kinds of distorted humanity, and reinjecting traditional morality into the film. The shadow of this cultural revolution has always affected today.
In 1978, China implemented the policy of reform and opening up, film production, and began to re-enter normal creation. The series of scars that tell the suffering of the "Cultural Revolution" re-launched the return of film creation to humanity and the pursuit of art. Many young directors in the 1980s were banned for criticizing the government at the time. Due to the inconsistency of the social development approval system, many creative young directors began to move toward underground independent works. China independent films mostly reflect the living conditions of the bottom of society and the demands of various sectors in the rapid transition period of their land. Compared with the government's top-down mission-style propaganda film, it can be more resonated and inspired by different people.
With the deepening of reform and opening up and the completion of marketization, the film industry in China has begun to transform from e role of propaganda tools to public media. Although the traditional political propaganda function remains the same, in the mid-1990s, a large number of commercial films were published. Beginning to be active, the successful business concept of Hong Kong film influence the China film market. Since then, Chinese filmmakers have been exploring how to transform traditional political propaganda films and main melody films into commercial films suitable for the general public. The China movie workers headed by Han san-ping took the lead and proposed the commercialization reform strategy of the film. The commercial film market in China officially opened.
In the early 20th century, the Chinese economy developed rapidly, the movie market was unprecedentedly prosperous, and the number of the box office continued to double. Due to the real estate bubble, the appreciation of the RMB, and the increase in inflation, the ticket prices in China have doubled. The movie fares in first-tier cities average 70 to 90 CNY, even higher than 100 CNY. Watching movies become the main consumption of the middle class. The mentality of the people's "value back to the fare" has driven the filming of big-name stars, grand scenes, and investment over 100 million yuan into consumer spending, which has led to a large trend in the Chinese film industry.
In recent years, filmmakers in China have begun to face the rapidly emerging film industry in a more mature and pragmatic way. The types of films have also increased, and various new and old films have been continually stirred up. The big production also returned to the shooting style dominated the script. However, film investment has never seen a prosperous scene. Funds from all over the world have targeted the China market, and the number of films has suddenly increased to more than 600 per year. In 2010, the China box office exceeded 10 billion yuan, forming a world-famous movie market. In 2014, China’s movie box office exceeded 4 billion US dollars, surpassing Britain, India and Japan, becoming the world’s second largest film market after the United States.
The "Film Industry Promotion Law" in China was officially implemented on March 1, 2017. The law imposes strict requirements on film production in the field of ideology. It also imposes strict restrictions on the filming of overseas institutions or individuals in China, and clearly stipulates that films that do not have a screening permit cannot be transmitted. At the same time, the law also protects the filming rate of 3-produced films in China, and also simplifies and decentralizes the film approval process. However, the grading system that has received widespread attention in the film industry has not been written into law.
In view of this, this study will analyze the literature from government regulations, media reports, special books and essay writings, observe the development of the film industry , and demonstrate the substantial impact on the enhancement of its national cultural soft power.
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