網路安全迄今一直為國際之間競爭的焦點，大國之間在政經領域的竊密、軍事領域的抗衡，甚至是國內立法的管制，無時無刻在進行網路安全的競逐。本研究從攻勢現實主義的視角，透過美國和中國的網路安全競逐的個案，分析大國間網路安全競逐所浮現的主權問題。研究發現，網路空間因不具地緣因素的限制，更為貼近攻勢現實主義的理論基礎，即國家極力爭取權力以成為全球霸權。大國之間在對網路空間治理及主權存在認知上的差異，以及網路空間中欠缺相關法律規範及難以確定網路實際行為者的情況下，網路安全領域發生摩擦之情境短期內仍將持續。而國際體系中，亦同時存在網際網路上的國家主權爭議，各國致力推行網路化後所帶來的國家安全及利益上的威脅，使網路空間成為各國政府極力維護的目標。雖然在網路空間中似乎並無國家主權立基的條件，但無論是基於攻擊上的防護，或是限制資訊的傳遞，都必需藉由彰顯國家主權的存在來執行。針對網路空間中所浮現的網路主權問題，本研究參考海洋法船旗國國籍管轄的精神，提出一網路數位憑證認證架構，並透過系統實作，在網際網路空間中提供使用者設備的國籍憑證的識別方法，從而落實邏輯邊疆的概念，是未來解決國際間網路衝突的可行解決方案。

Cyber security has long been the focus of international competition, may it be in political and economic theft, military confrontation or domestic legal regulations. This paper aimed to look at cyber security competition between the United States and China and to analyse the sovereignty issues emerged from these various cases from an offensive realism perspective.
  The study found that due to the lack of geographical features in cyberspace, it could best epitomise the theoretical basis of offensive realism, that State strive to seek power in order to become a global hegemony. Wide cognitive differences among major powers regarding the governance of cyberspace and the existence of sovereignty, the lack of related legal norms and the inability to identify actual network actors led to constant frictions in the cyber security filed in the short-run. Threats towards national security and interests posed by internetisation had made cyberspace the target every government aimed to protect and secure, and thus resulted in conflicts over national sovereignty on the Internet in the international system. Despite doubts over the conditions for the establishment of sovereignty in the cyberspace, protections from cyber-attacks and limits imposed on information transfers could only be executed base on the existence of national sovereignty.
  To deal with emerging issues of Internet sovereignty in the cyberspace, and base on the spirit of flag state jurisdiction under UNCLOS, this paper proposed to institute a digital network certification system, which provide Internet user to authenticate his/her nationality through systematic practices, and in which the concept of logical frontier could be implemented, as a viable solution to settle future international conflicts in the cyberspace.

目　錄		          	    	                  i
圖表目錄	            	    	                iii
第壹章　緒論			          	          1
第一節　研究動機及目的			          	  1
第二節　攻勢現實主義			          	  3
第三節　網路空間的國家主權			          	 10
第四節　預期貢獻及研究限制			          	 13
第貳章　研究方法				          	 15
第一節　研究架構				          	 15
第二節　個案研究法			          	 15
第三節　系統實作法				         17
第參章　攻勢現實主義與大國網路安全競逐－以美中網路安全競逐為例 18
第一節　攻勢現實主義與網路安全	                         20
第二節　美中網路安全競逐：政經領域竊密	                 23
第三節　美中網路安全競逐：軍事領域抗衡	                 30
第四節　美中網路安全競逐：強化國內網路管制		         41
第五節　小結				                 48
第肆章　網路空間的國家主權				         51
第一節　網路空間國家主權爭議之緣起			         52
第二節　國家主權應否存在於網路空間之爭議		         53
第三節　國家主權觀念用於網路空間對網際網路生態的影響	         60
第四節　網路空間國家主權聲明與劃分原則之芻議	         64
第五節　小結		                                 65
第伍章　網路國籍認證機制		                         66
第一節　公海與船旗國		                         66
第二節　全球網路位址分配的問題		                 73
第三節　X.509數位憑證標準		                         74
第四節　網路國籍憑證機制之建構	                         78
第陸章　結論	                                         86
參考文獻	                        	                 89
英文部份	                        	                 89
中文部份                         	                 99
圖表目錄
表1　網路安全問題在美中關係之演變	                         23
表2　中國網軍主要架構及其具體分工	                         31
表3　歐巴馬任內美國網軍發展大事記	                         38
表4　美中兩國在網路安全之軍事領域比較	                 40
表5　從美中兩國在網路安全領域互動驗證攻勢現實主義五大命題	 49
表6　美中兩國在網路安全不同領域之行為模式比較	         50
表7　美中對網路空間認知及安全利益之比較	                 51
表8　網路空間的國家主權爭議比較	                         60
表9　X.509各版本欄位                    	                 76
圖1　研究架構	                                         15
圖2　解放軍總參第三部第二局 61398部隊組織架構圖	         35
圖3　全球網域名稱伺服器	地理管轄分布圖	                 58
圖4　ICANN網路域名解析管理權移交計畫	                 59
圖5　全球的網路位址管理組織及其管轄的裡範疇	                 73
圖6　X.509數位憑證欄位的演進	                         75
圖7　X.509階層式認證架構	                                 77
圖8　X.509憑證鏈	                                         78
圖9　數位國籍憑證階層式認證架構	                         79
圖10　聯合國自我簽章及聯合國自我簽章憑證路徑。	         80
圖11　在聯合國伺服器上發出的憑證	                         80
圖12　發給Taiwan R.O.C. CA主體的授權憑證及授權憑證的憑證路徑 81
圖13　在Taiwan R.O.C. CA伺服器上發出使用端憑證	         81
圖14　官方設備所獲得的國籍憑證及官方設備國籍憑證的憑證鏈	 82
圖15　私人設備所獲得的國籍憑證及私人設備國籍憑證的憑證鏈	 83
圖16　邏輯邊疆	                                         84

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