 |
| 系統識別號 |
U0002-2402202106004700 |
| 中文論文名稱
|
伊朗和台灣青年對未來意象的比較性研究：以科幻電影為例 |
| 英文論文名稱
|
A Comparative Study of the Images of the Future by youth in Iran and Taiwan: A Case Study Through Science Fiction Films |
| 第三語言論文名稱
|
آینده مطلوب جوانان ایران و تایوان ، و آینده در فیلم های علمی-تخیلی |
| 校院名稱 |
淡江大學 |
| 系所名稱(中) |
未來學研究所碩士班 |
| 系所名稱(英) |
Graduate Institute of Futures Studies |
| 學年度 |
109 |
| 學期 |
1 |
| 出版年 |
110 |
| 研究生中文姓名 |
米蒙德 |
| 研究生英文姓名 |
Ali Montazami |
| 學號 |
605705028 |
| 學位類別 |
碩士 |
| 語文別 |
英文 |
| 口試日期 |
2020-12-23 |
| 論文頁數 |
195頁 |
| 口試委員 |
指導教授-蘇哈爾
指導教授-陳國華
委員-霍珍妮
委員-董娟娟
|
| 中文關鍵字 |
因果層次分析
STEEP分析
科幻電影
青年
可欲的未來
未來圖像
伊朗
臺灣
|
| 英文關鍵字 |
Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)
STEEP Analysis
Science Fiction Film
Youth
Preferred Futures
Futures Images
Iran
Taiwan
|
| 第三語言關鍵字 |
تحلیل لایه¬ای علّی (CLA)
تحلیل STEEP
فیلم علمی-تخیلی
جوانان
آینده مطلوب
تصاویر آینده
ایران
تایوان
|
| 學科別分類 |
學科別＞人文學＞哲學
|
| 中文摘要 |
本研究旨在探討科幻電影中之未來貌與青年可欲的未來兩者間之異同。作者透過討論十部賣座的科幻大片，與十四位伊朗籍及臺灣籍研究生進行訪談。研究結果指出多數賣座的科幻電影勾勒出反烏托邦的未來，與青年可欲的未來相差甚遠。再者，電影中的未來主題幾乎無法建構出一個令人嚮往的、可欲的未來。本研究使用因果層次分析(Causal Layered Analysis, CLA)與STEEP分析來解構電影主題與青年可欲的未來。同時利用以上兩種分析法探討在STEEP各領域中，青年所嚮往的未來及其因果層次；反之，亦探討科幻電影所呈現的分析結果。透過創新的觀點，本研究比較伊朗籍與臺灣籍學生對於科幻電影與個人可欲未來之觀點，研究結果有益於未來學研究與媒體研究中的多領域研究。 |
| 英文摘要 |
This research seeks similarities and differences between science fiction film futures and the preferred futures of youth. Ten high-grossing blockbuster science fiction films were reviewed through interviews with fourteen university graduates in Iran and Taiwan. The findings indicate that most blockbuster science fiction films show dark and dystopian futures that are very different from the futures youth prefer. Moreover, few futures themes were also found in these movies that could be developed to a preferable future. Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) and STEEP Analysis were used to deconstruct both movie themes and youth preferred futures. Simultaneously use of these two methods revealed what futures youth want in every Causal layer underneath the STEEP areas and what science fiction films provide in contrast. The findings of this novel comparative study between the youth of Iran and Taiwan and their views of science fiction films and preferred futures can assist other multi-disciplinary research in the fields of Futures Studies and Media Studies. |
| 第三語言摘要 |
هدف از این تحقیق یافتن نقاط مشترک و متمایز مابین آینده نمایش داده شده در فیلم¬های علمی-تخیلی و آینده مطلوب جوانان می¬باشد. ده فیلم از پر فروش¬ترین فیلم¬های علمی-تخیلی جهان در خلال مصاحبه با 14 جوان فارغ التحصیل دانشگاه در ایران و تایوان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته¬های این تحقیق نشان داد که اغلب فیلم¬های پر فروش علمی-تخیلی، آینده¬ای تاریک و ویران-شهری را نشان می¬دهند که بسیار متفاوت است با آینده مطلوب جوانان. از سوی دیگر برخی تصاویر آینده نیز که در این فیلم¬ها نشان داده می¬شود قابل توسعه به آینده مطلوب جوانان می¬باشد. روش¬های تحلیل تِم، تحلیل لایه¬ای علّی (CLA) و تحلیل STEEP در تجزیه داده¬های این تحقیق بکار گرفته شد. تکنیک بکارگیری همزمان این سه روش، در لایه¬های علّی گوناگون اجتماعی، تکنولوژی، محیط زیست، اقتصادی و سیاسی، تفاوت عمیق تصاویر آینده فیلم¬های علمی-تخیلی با آینده مطلوب جوانان را آشکار ساخت. یافته¬های این تحقیق که پیرامون آینده مطلوب، جوانان و فیلم¬های علمی-تخیلی می¬باشد، می¬تواند در تحقیقات بیشتر در زمینه¬های آینده¬پژوهی، آینده جوانان و مطالعات رسانه¬ای بکار گرفته شود. |
| 論文目次 |
Foreword 1
Why Science Fiction and Why Futures? 1
A Long Journey Towards the Futures 3
Why Futures Studies and Why Taiwan? 8
Taiwan, a Gate to the Futures 9
Why a Dissertation About Science Fiction, Preferable Future, and Youth? 11
Chapter 1 - Introduction and purpose of the study 13
Science Fiction 14
Definition of science fiction and main characteristics 14
Classification of science fiction works 15
Beginning of science fiction film production and sub-genres 17
Iran and Taiwan, some differences and similarities 19
Futures studies, youth, and their images of the futures 23
Science fiction films and youth’s images of the futures 25
The objective of the study and Research Questions 26
Significance of designing the present case study 27
The scope of Science Fiction films in this research 28
The scope of the study sample in this research 29
Chapter 2 - Literature Review 31
Futures studies and science fiction films 32
Science fiction films in Iran 34
Science fiction films in Taiwan 37
Common Images of the Future Shown in Science Fiction Films from the perspective of Authors and Critics 40
Common Images of the Future Shown in Science Fiction from the perspective of Youth in Iran 47
Common Images of the Future Shown in Science Fiction from the perspective of Youth in Taiwan 50
Summary About Common Futures Images in Science Fiction Films 53
Preferred futures of the youth in Iran 54
Preferred Futures of the Youth in Taiwan 60
Comparison between preferred futures and fears of youth in Iran and Taiwan 66
Comparison between futures images in science fiction films and preferred futures of youth in Iran and Taiwan 68
The Coverage of Existing Literature and Need for New Research 70
Hypothesis and Anticipation of the Possible Findings 71
Chapter 3 - Methodology 73
Main Steps of the Research 75
Step 1: Comprehensive Literature Review 75
Step 2: STEEP analysis of data from Literature Review for each Research Question 76
Step 3: Designing interview questions 76
Step 4: Selecting the science fiction films 79
Step 5: Selecting the study sample 81
Step 6: Watching films and preparing for the interview 83
Step 7: Conducting the interviews and documenting the data 83
Step 8: Thematic Analysis and categorizing the data 84
Step 9: Sorting the themes in the database tables 85
Step 10: STEEP Analysis towards the answers to the R.Q. 1,2 and 3 86
Step 11: CLA of STEEP aspects for R.Q. 1 86
Step 12: Examining the Hypothesis and anticipated results for R.Q. 1 87
Step 13: Comparison CLA of STEEP aspects for R.Q. 2 and 3 87
Step 14: Examining the Hypothesis and anticipated results for R.Q. 2 and 3 87
Step 15: Thematic Analysis of answers to the R.Q. 2 and 3 for finding answer to R.Q. 4 87
Step 16: Comparison CLA scenarios of films futures and youth preferred futures 88
Step 17: Conclusion of findings 88
The challenge to this research 88
Chapter 4 - Results and Discussions 89
Science Fiction Films Futures Society and People 90
Aliens 98
Diversity 100
Science Fiction Films Futures Technology 101
Science Fiction Films Futures Environment 111
Relocating 117
Science Fiction Films Futures Economics 121
Science Fiction Films Futures Politics 125
Science Fiction Films Futures Fears 130
Science fiction films futures Survival Solution 134
Science Fiction Film’s Messages 138
Science fiction films futures Myth 139
Metaphors for the Futures in Science Fiction Films and Preferred Future 144
Science fiction films futures’ Metaphors 144
Preferred Futures’ Metaphors 146
Chapter 5 - Analysis and Deepening 147
Analysis to Answer the Research Questions 147
Research Question 1, Common Images of Futures in Science Fiction Films 148
Analysis and CLA on Common Futures Images of Society and People 148
Analysis and CLA on Common Futures Images of Technology 149
Analysis and CLA on Common Futures Images of Environment 150
Analysis and CLA on Common Futures Images of Economy 151
Analysis and CLA on Common Futures Images of Politics 152
Analysis of Common Futures Fears and Warnings 153
Analysis of Common Science Fiction Solutions for Better Futures 154
Analysis of Common Futures Myths 154
Summary of the Analysis of Common Images of Futures in Science Fiction Films 155
Examining the hypothesis for the Research Question 1 156
Research Question 2 and 3, Comparison between Science Fiction Films Futures, Preferred Futures of Youth in Iran, and Preferred Futures of Youth in Taiwan 156
Comparative Analysis and CLA on Science fiction films futures Society and Youth Preferred Society 156
Comparative Analysis and CLA on Science fiction films futures Technology and Youth Preferred Technology 158
Comparative Analysis and CLA on Science fiction films futures Environment and Youth Preferred Environment 159
Comparative Analysis and CLA on Science fiction films futures Economics and Youth Preferred Economics 160
Comparative Analysis and CLA on Science fiction films futures Politics and Youth Preferred Politics 162
Comparative Analysis of Science fiction films futures Myths and Youth Believed Myths 163
Comparative Analysis of Science Fiction Films Futures Metaphors and Youth Preferred Future Metaphors 163
Summary of Comparative Analysis of Science Fiction Films Futures, Preferred Futures of Youth in Iran, and Preferred Futures of Youth in Taiwan 164
Examining the hypothesis for the Research Question 2 167
Examining the hypothesis for the Research Question 3 167
Research Question 4, futures images that might show preferred futures worlds to be considered in writing and directing of science fiction films 167
Causal Layered Analysis Scenario of Science Fiction Films Futures compare to Preferred Futures of Youth 169
CLA Scenario of Science Fiction Films Futures 170
CLA Scenario of Youth Preferred Futures 173
Chapter 6 - Conclusion 177
References 180
APPENDIX I: Futures images in science fiction films by perspective of authors and critics 191
APPENDIX II: Futures images in science fiction films by perspective of youth in Iran, extracted from literature review 191
APPENDIX III: Futures images in science fiction films by perspective of youth in Taiwan, extracted from literature review 192
APPENDIX IV: Preferred futures of youth in Iran, extracted from literature review 192
APPENDIX V: Preferred futures of youth in Taiwan, extracted from literature review 193
APPENDIX VI: 50 highest-grossing blockbuster science fiction films produced after 2000 194
List of Tables and Figures
Table 1-1. Sub-genres of Sci-fi films 18
Table 1-2. Summary comparison between Iran and Taiwan 22
Table 2-1. Most common futures images in Sci-fi films by critics and youth 54
Table 2-2. Common main focuses and differences of the youth in preferred futures 67
Table 2-3. Common main focuses and differences of the youth in futures fears 67
Table 2-4. Comparison of common Sci-fi films film futures and preferred futures of youth 69
Table 3-1. Criteria for selecting Sci-fi films for study 79
Table 3-2. Major criteria for selecting the research sample 82
Table 3-3. The list of Participants in this research 83
Table 3-4. Phases of Thematic Analysis 85
Table 4-1. Futures Social Themes in Sci-fi films and preference of the youth 90
Table 4-2. Aliens in the films and Preferred future 98
Table 4-3. Preferred Diversity in the futures society 100
Table 4-4. Futures Technological Themes in Sci-fi films and preference of the youth 102
Table 4-5. Futures Environmental Themes in Sci-fi films and preference of the youth 112
Table 4-6. Relocating preferences to live in the future 118
Table 4-7. Futures Economic Themes in Sci-fi films and preference of the youth 121
Table 4-8. Futures Political Themes in Sci-fi films and preference of the youth 126
Table 4-9. The most frequently shown futures fears in Sci-fi films 130
Table 4-10. Frequently shown survival solutions in Sci-fi films 135
Table 4-11. Messages received by participants from the Sci-fi films 139
Table 4-12. Futures Superheroes in Sci-fi films and real superheroes of youth 140
Table 4-13. Metaphors for the futures in the Sci-fi films 145
Table 4-14. Metaphors for the preferred futures of youth 146
Table 5-1. CLA for common social futures in Sci-fi films 149
Table 5-2. CLA for common technological futures in Sci-fi films 150
Table 5-3. CLA for common environmental futures in Sci-fi films 151
Table 5-4. CLA for common economic futures in Sci-fi films 152
Table 5-5. CLA for common political futures in Sci-fi films 153
Table 5-6. Comparative CLA - Social futures (films and youth preferred futures 157
Table 5-7. Comparative CLA - Technological futures in films and youth preferred futures 158
Table 5-8. Comparative CLA - Environmental futures in films and youth preferred futures 160
Table 5-9. Comparative CLA - Economic futures in films and youth preferred futures 161
Table 5-10. Comparative CLA - Political futures in films and youth preferred futures 162
Table 5-11. Concluding table for answers to three research questions together 166
Table 5-12. Major themes for designing the preferable futures in Sci-fi films 168
Table 5-13. CLA Scenarios for Sci-fi Films Futures and Preferred Futures of Youth 169
Figure 1. Ali Montazami in Egypt 1
Figure 2. The movie of King Kong and TV Series of The Six Million Dollar Man 2
Figure 3. Lamborghini Countach 4
Figure 4. The concept of Natural Manufacturing Process by Ali Montazami 6
Figure 5. “biome” conceptual process of growing seed to body of car by Mercedes Benz 6
Figure 6. A collage of some designs of Ali Montazami 7
Figure 7. A scene from short film The Universe 11
Figure 1-1. A poster for this research thesis by Ali Montazami 13
Figure 1-2. Two examples of futures images by the youth, from Chen and Hoffman 24
Figure 2-1. Landing on Moon in the film A Trip to the Moon 31
Figure 2-2. Prisoners in the Department of Containment from the film Minority Report 33
Figure 2-3. Sci-fi short films of Aliens Reaction and Mission 411 35
Figure 2-4. Flying UFO above Taipei City in the film Mars Men 38
Figure 2-5. The film Paradoxcial with the core concept of time traveling 38
Figure 2-6. The film Lucy 38
Figure 2-7. Tony Stark is presenting his newly invented destructive weapon in Iron Man 46
Figure 2-8. David is looking at many copies of himself - A.I. Artificial Intelligence 49
Figure 2-9. Time Machine in the film Back to the Future III 52
Figure 3-1. Science Lab of Wakanda in the film Black Panter 73
Figure 3-2. Flowchart of the research process 74
Figure 3-3. Official posters for ten films which reviewed in this research 81
Figure 4-1. Jake is explaining his findings after spying the Na'vi’s home tree in Avatar 89
Figure 4-2. High-Tech and traditional lifestyle in Wakanda 97
Figure 4-3. Some examples of Killing Machines in Sci-fi films 104
Figure 4-4. Norm beside his Na’vi-human hybrid avatar in film Avatar 108
Figure 4-5. No plant in all scenes showing the Earth in the film Avatar 113
Figure 4-6. Parker is showing Unobtainium in the film Avatar 123
Figure 4-7. President Snow in film The Hunger Games 127
Figure 4-8. Selecting tributes in the film The Hunger Games 131
Figure 4-9. Klaue is stealing Vibranium from the museum in the film Black Panther 133
Figure 4-10. Iron Man sacrifices himself for saving the Earth in the film Endgame 141
Figure 5-1. Uses AI for data analysis in the film Iron Man 3 147
Figure 5-2. Metaphor: The Killing Machines 170
Figure 5-3. Metaphor: Nightingale in the Flowers Garden with THORNS 173
|
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