在全球快速發展之下可再生能源被廣泛地應用，不斷地使用能源讓傳統的石化能源被認為有枯竭之虞，以及大量使用對環境造成的破壞，再加上1973年的第一次石油危機導致全球原油價格飆漲，各國政府為了要降低交通運輸成本，在這些情況之下便促使國際間發展對環境破壞度較低的可再生能源，而生質能源為可再生能源中應用最為廣泛的。生質能源是利用生物質作為原料經轉換後而產生的，目前最常見並且已經商業化的生質能源是可替代車用燃料的生質酒精與生質柴油，亦可通稱為生質燃料。
　　全球生產生質燃料的大國為美國、巴西與歐盟，彼等分別以不同原料來製作生質燃料，對於生質燃料之應用也都訂定了相關的法律規範與政策，使其生質燃料之應用能夠順利發展。在所有生產生質燃料的國家中，巴西利用甘蔗所製造的生質酒精成本是最低的，使用後所產生的效益也是最高的，端仰賴於巴西先天豐富的甘蔗資源與後天生質能源相關政策的配合。本文旨在探討：（一）全球能源之使用狀況及未來發展；（二）生質能源之特性與重要性；（三）巴西如何利用先天的天然資源優勢與後天政策實施來達到今日之成就；（四）生質能源發展至今對巴西所帶來的影響，乃至於對全球所帶來的影響。

The Renewable Energy was noticed under the circumstances of a rapid development world, constantly make use of traditional fossil energy can be considered the original case will be exhausted, the extensive use of fossil fuels and environmental problems. Plus, the year 1973 was the first oil crisis led to soaring global oil prices, governments aim to reduce transportation costs, promote the renewable energy that could lower the damage of environment, and bio-energy as a renewable energy the most widely used. Bio-energy is the use of raw materials by the conversion of biomass to produce after the act, the most common and has been commercialized bio-energy is an alternative vehicle fuel bioethanol and biodiesel.
Main countries that produce biofuels such as United States, Brazil and the EU, their respective different materials to produce biofuels, fuel quality for native applications are also set out the relevant legal norms and policies to biomass fuels applications can develop smoothly. In all countries in the production of biofuels, Brazil sugarcane cost of alcohol use biomass produced is the lowest benefits arising after use is the highest end rely on Brazilian sugarcane innate rich natural resources and quality of energy-related policies after cooperation. This thesis aims to explore: (a) use of the global energy situation and future development; (b) characteristics and the importance of bio-energy; (c) how Brazil's innate and acquired natural resources policy implementation to achieve today's achievements; (d) the influences of biomass energy has the impact on Brazil, and even the impact on the global brought.

目次

緒論	1
第壹章　全球能源發展	7
第一節　能源供應現況	8
第二節　全球能源需求情勢	20
第三節　能源永續	26
第貳章　全球生質能源現況	35
第一節　生質能源之概述	35
第二節　生質能源生產與成本分析	40
第三節　重要國家生質能源政策演進與概況	46
第参章　巴西生質能源	63
第一節　巴西生質能源政策沿革	64
第二節　巴西生質能源現況	73
第三節　巴西生質能源貿易	83
第肆章　生質能源對經社發展的效益	89
第一節　生質能源對糧食安全之影響	89
第二節　生質燃料對環境的影響	100
第三節　生質燃料對就業的影響	105
結論	111
《參考資料》	116

圖次

圖1-1：1960至2012年原油價格走勢	10
圖1-2：2004、2007、2011年全球初級能源消耗佔總量之百分比	21
圖1-3：2011年全球初級能源消費量前三名國家	21
圖1-4：2005、2007、2009、2011四年全球發電原料來源所占之比例	24
圖2-1：各種生質燃料可減少石化燃料對溫室氣體排放之比較	39
圖2-2：2011年、2012年全球生質燃料產量比例圖	41
圖2-3：2000年至2012年全球生質燃料產量	42
圖2-4：各作物單位產量	44
圖2-5：巴西甘蔗用於生產粗糖與酒精之比例	45
圖3-1：1979年至2005年巴西汽車總產量與生質酒精專用車產量圖	67
圖3-2：1982年至2002年巴西生質酒精與汽油消耗量	69
圖3-3：2000年至2010年巴西生質酒精生產與消費量、車用石油燃料消費量	70
圖3-4：巴西種植甘蔗區域圖	75
圖3-5：2003年至2013巴西不同種燃料新車年度銷售量	80
圖3-6：1987年至2012年巴西生質酒精進口與出口量	85
圖3-7：2007年至2013年巴西生質酒精主要出口國與出口量	85
圖4-1：2000年至2012年全球匯總商品價格與生質燃料產量比較圖	91

表次

表1-1：2004年至2013年全球石油已探明儲量	9
表1-2：各種能源平均發電成本	19
表2-1：四代液態生質燃料	38
表3-1：1990年至2010年各區域甘蔗種植面積與產能	75
表3-2：1991年至2000年國際糖價與巴西生質酒精產量變化	77
表3-3：2006至2012巴西初級能源生產結構	78
表3-4：2006年至2012年巴西國內主要最終能源消費	79
表3-5：2006年至2013年生質酒精用於燃料之生產與消費量	80
表3-6：2009年至2012年聖保羅州純生質酒精與汽油販售之平均價格	81
表3-7：2012年全球使用生質燃料國家與添加標準	82
表4-1：2010年生質能源工業在特定國家與地區之就業人口	106

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三、網路資料	

（一）中文

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 月24日，取自：http://www.greentrade.org.tw/node/40694。
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黃全興，〈大鎪 太陽能板去鍍專家〉，中時電子報，2014年6月17日，取自：
http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20140617000429-260210。
鉅亨網，全球市場國際期貨，農產品期貨收盤行情，連續月芝加哥玉米、連續月
紐約11號糖精、連續月芝加哥黃豆，2000年至2013年，取自： 
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ompare=false!fundname=%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84
11%E8%99%9F%E7%B2%BE%E7%B3%96(SBV4)。

（二）英文

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