英文摘要 |
The first king of Chou, Wu-Wang, is a famous man living in thousands of years ago. Wu-Wang killed the tyrant of Shang—Zhou-Wang, and was praised for thousands of years. Since the book “Shang Shu,” Wu-Wang has been described a man with “ren.” Many scholars studied the date of Wu-Wang attacking Zhou, but only a few mentioned the image of Wu-Wang. Wu-Wang is a typical type of king of virtues; therefore, scholars covered up his bad deeds and praised his virtue, even attributed others’ success to him. Thus, the farther the time is from now, the more wonderful are Wu-Wang’s images. Since scholars ignored the images of tyrants and wise kings for many years, this essay revealed Wu-Wang’s various images, scholars’ criticism, and scholars’ attempts to mold images through Thematology. The second chapter “the Image of Wu-Wang in the book” classified the images of Wu-Wang to six parts: Wu-Wang’s inheritance of his father, ruling the kingdom, appointing of capable people, achievement of defeating Shang, filial obedience, and moral goodness. The images of Wu-Wang in the book are positive, and “Li Ji” even regards Wu-Wang as a national hero. Books of history describe Wu-Wang by recording his deeds. Among them, “Yi Chou Shu” is the most special. This book recorded Wu-Wang’s images by describing his mentality, and portrayed his cruel rite after defeating Zhou, which is very different from “Shang Shu.”
Wu-Wang’s images in books of Zi are various because of authors’ different purposes. To advocate the idea of “Li Yi,” the school of “Ru” publicize Wu-Wang’s deeds of “Ren” and “Yi,” even deify him like a god. The school of “Dao” emphasizes the idea of nature; therefore, Wu-Wang is a wicked person and
III
the root of all evil in the book of Dao . There are various images in other books. In other books, Wu-Wang is a wise king, but there are also negative sides portrayed, which makes Wu-Wang more human. Wu-Wang makes good use of penal law and benefits in book of the school “Fa,” because the school takes penal law and benefits seriously. The school of “Fa” takes reality into account in Wu-Wang’s images. In “Guan Zi,” Wu-Wang’s virtue is showed in economy and administration. We can see from the data in books of Zi that ideas of every school affect Wu-Wang’s images. At the time of books of Zi, scholars attempt to make their schools widely known, so they wrote people of virtue into their books, and make their images fit in with their own ideas. Thus, various images of Wu-Wang were shown. Since ancient scholars deleted chapters unfavorable to Wu-Wang, the images of Wu-Wang have been more positive. Except for the school “Fa” against the school “Dao,” there aren’t any negative images of Wu-Wang. Wu-Wang’s images are more and more wonderful until the Han Dynasty. Scholars like Wang Chong and Su Shi are just a few against Wu-Wang’s wonderful images. Therefore, Wu-Wang’s images are wonderful until now; we even set Wu-Wang for example when mentioning people with the highest virtue, goodness, and filial piety. |