長久以來，美國黑人生活在種族歧視的環境中，不斷經由體制、社會、文化等各個層面抗爭努力，為美國轉動的歷史巨輪留下時代的軌跡。以商業市場極大化為考量的美國好萊塢電影，二十世紀初對黑人形象的刻畫，從殘暴黑奴（Brute）、滑稽黑奴（Coon）或是黑種混血兒（Sambo），到六○年代以Sidney Poitier為代表的黑人中產階級的興起，昔日好萊塢電影對於黑人形象的描繪，多為簡單刻板的，不具有積極意義和深層文化意涵。儘管自二十世紀初，開始有美國黑人自製關於黑人議題的電影，然而面對過去黑人在美國社會趨於弱勢的位置，卻難以和好萊鎢電影的商業集團相抗衡。 

    本文就黑人在美國的好萊塢電影和黑人獨立電影當中角色的轉變視為美國社會文化演進的縮影，將所謂的黑人刻板印象，其背後所隱藏具有壓制性的歧視模式，如何轉化成某種形態的社會控制，如何反映出當下美國社會變遷，為本研究試圖探討的問題。

For a long time, African-Americans have lived in an environment fraught with racial discrimination , their continuing struggle has showed in American institutional, social, cultural and others, which has  leaved the track of the American times. Based on commercial market, black images in Hollywood movies, from the brute, coon, and sambo of the early twentieth century to the rise of the black middle class of 1960 Sidney Poitier played, old Hollywood usually depicts African-Americans as simple one dimension person lack of positive significance and deep cultural meaning. Because of blacks’ weak position in the past America, Although since the early twentieth century, African-Americans have self-made films about black issues, but they still hard to contend with Hollywood business groups. 

   The research discuss that changes of the blacks’ images between the Hollywood movies and the black independent films, as a microcosm of American society, behind the so-called black stereotypes, summed up with the oppressive patterns of discrimination, how to translate into a social control. And how to reflect the changes in contemporary American society.

第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………P.1
第一節 前言  ………………………………………………………P.1
第二節 研究目的與問題  …………………………………………P.4
第三節 研究方法與架構  …………………………………………P.6

第二章 美國黑人與好萊塢電影 …………………………P.7
第一節 美國好萊塢電影發展簡史  ………………………………P.7
第二節 好萊塢電影下的黑人明星 ………………………………P.15
第三節 黑人族群在好萊塢的歷史變遷 …………………………P.29

第三章 黑人獨立電影與美國社會文化………………… P.38
第一節 美國黑人獨立電影的起源 ………………………………P.38
第二節 七○年代黑人獨立電影代表與美國黑人社會 …………P.49
第三節 八○年代後黑人獨立電影與美國黑人城市 ……………P.59

第四章 美國電影中黑人形象的轉變……………………P.71
第一節 電影中的黑人與美國社會問題的投射 …………………P.71
第二節 民權運動後黑人角色地位的提升 ………………………P.83
第三節 八○年代後黑人多元形象的發展 ………………………P.90 

第五章 結論 ……………………………………………P.101

參考資料…………………………………………………P.104
附錄………………………………………………………P.110

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中文論文

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英文期刊
Beltrán, Mary C（2005）. “The New Hollywood Racelessness: Only the Fast, Furious, 
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Butters, Gerald R. Jr（2008）. “Hollywood by the name and the new wave of African American film scholarship ” Reviews in American History ,Vol.36,pp. 89–94

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Gustafsson, Tommy（2008）. “The Visual Re-creation of Black People in a“White” 
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Hedges, Inez（2007）. “Signifyin’ and Intertextuality: Killer of Sheep and Black 
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Jones, Sharon L（1998）. “From Margin to Centre? Images of African-American 
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網路資料
Cinema Journal
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cj/

Black images data
http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue05/features/black.htm

Association for the Study of African American Life and History
 http://www.asalh.org

The African-American Image Abroad:
http://www.prmuseum.com/kendrix/abroad.html#top
 
Oscar Micheaux and Black Pre-War Cinema
http://www.filmlinc.com/wrt/onsale09/micheaux.html

African Americans
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/imagesafam.html#toons

Alternative Film Guide
http://www.altfg.com/blog/