技術是產業的命脈，以長期而言，技術不斷創新研發才能協助產業保有競爭優勢，使產業能夠永續經營，促進經濟發展，提昇國際競爭力。
    本研究的重點在智利鮭魚養殖業的技術創新與產業整體發展上，以此經驗，作為台灣發展水產養殖業之借鏡。係以「產業群聚」和「國家創新系統」理論研析智利鮭魚養殖業的技術創新，前者具有聚集經濟、集體效率的產生與創新外部性的效果；後者以發展一國的科技創新為主，以政策和制度動員產、官、學、研互相交流促進產業創新發展。兩者的共同點在於產業與政府創新主體互動之下，能促進資訊、知識與技術的移轉與擴散，產業因此升級。
    本研究結果發現智利鮭魚養殖業的產業群聚已經發展成熟，政府特別為產業規畫創新計畫，技術尚未能完全自主，在產學合作連結、研發計畫與資金的投入、企業自行投入研發、高階研發人才培養等活動皆有成長，但是與同業競爭國相比之下，仍然有進步空間。在台灣方面，水產養殖技術卓越，適合發展精緻型的水產養殖，分散在各地的小農養殖需要系統性整合。

Technology is the lifeblood of the industry. From a long term perspective, constant innovation R & D on technology can lead to maintain competitive advantage to an industry, so that industry can be sustainable, promote economic development and enhance international competitiveness. 
  The study focuses on technological innovation and overall development of Chilean salmon farming industry, as a model to Taiwan to learn from. Using "industry cluster" and "national innovation system theory" to analyse technological innovation of Chilean salmon farming industry. The former has features of agglomeration economies, collective efficiency and generating innovative external effects; the latter mainly develops scientific and technological innovation of country, using policies and institutes to mobilize industry, government, academia and research centers to interact each other and exchange knowledges to promote industrial innovation and development. Both theories have in common, under the interaction can promote the transfer and diffusion of information, knowledge and technology, that faciliate industry to upgrade.
  The results of study finding that the government had done specifically some innovation plans for industrial technology and Chilean salmon farming is a mature industrial cluster. The technology is not fully independent yet, collaboration between industry and academia, investment in R & D program, business invest R & D on their own, advanced reaserch personnel training and other activities have progressed, but compare with other countries, there is still room for improvement.

第一章 緒論	1
第一節 研究動機與目的	1
第二節 研究方法與架構	4
第三節 章節安排與範圍限制	10
第二章 智利鮭魚養殖業之發展歷程	13
第一節 智利鮭魚養殖業之發展環境	13
壹、智利經貿投資環境產業概述	13
貳、鮭魚養殖產業之發展沿革	23
第二節 智利鮭魚養殖業之發展特色	34
壹、從PEST分析產業發展面向	35
貳、以關鍵成功因素分析智利鮭魚養殖業之發展特色	38
第三章 智利鮭魚養殖產業之研發創新與產業群聚關聯性研析	43
第一節 國家創新系統與技術研發之關聯性	43
壹、國家創新系統的內涵	44
貳、智利的國家創新系統	46
參、智利創新系統與水產養殖業技術研發關聯性	53
第二節 產業群聚及技術創新與智利鮭魚養殖業之關連性	62
壹、智利鮭魚養殖業的產業群聚	63
貳、智利創新系統在鮭魚養殖產業群聚的角色與作用	72
參、國家創新系統中技術創新在產業群聚的作用	76
第四章 全球競爭下智利鮭魚養殖產業的機會與挑戰	83
第一節 全球鮭魚產銷之競爭挑戰與機會	83
壹、全球養殖鮭魚產銷分析	83
貳、從全球供應鏈分析	92
第二節 智利鮭魚養殖業之競爭優劣勢	95
壹、以PEST分析	95
貳、以SWOT分析	97
參、以波特五力分析	100
第三節 智利鮭魚養殖業未來發展應有之策略探討	103
壹、從技術創新探討	103
貳、從產業群聚探討	106
第五章 結論與建議	109
第一節 結論	109
第二節 建議	111
參考書目	113
附錄一 2005年到2014年美元對智利披索匯率	133
附錄二 機關團體簡語一覽表	135
附錄三 專有名詞簡語一覽表	137
  

表目錄

表 1-1 SWOT分析模型	8
表 2-1智利2011-2015年WEF全球競爭力排名	19
表 2-2智利2011-2014年IMD世界競爭力排名	20
表 2-3全球鮭魚養殖企業數變化表	29
表 2-4 2001年智利前十大鮭魚出口企業	29
表 3-1智利創新系統預算分配(百萬披索)	50
表 3-2水產養殖建議之改善項目與應對措施	56
表 3-3水產養殖階段與關鍵中間投入技術	58
表 3-4智利水產養殖研究機構與計畫方案	59
表 3-5技術項目研發與作用	61
表 3-6產業群聚的定義	65
表 3-7智利鮭魚養殖產業之聯合行動與技術擴散	72
表 3-8水產養殖應用研究計畫及參與項目	77
表 3-9智利鮭魚群聚內部機構	79
表 3-10智利鮭魚養殖產業群聚之創新與升級	80
表 3-11智利南部區域科技中心	81
表 4-1鮭魚產地、特色與市場分布情形	85
表 4-2 智利鮭魚養殖業之SWOT分析	100
表 4-3 2000-2009年智利水產養殖群聚專利	104
表 4-4智利水產養殖群聚專利項目與申請數量	105

圖目錄

圖 1-1系統模式研究架構流程圖	7
圖 1-2波特五力分架構	10
圖 2-1智利鮭魚養殖區域	24
圖 2-2智利鮭魚養殖產業的成長(1985-1994)	26
圖 2-3  2006-2013年鮭魚生產量、出口量與出口值	32
圖 3-1智利創新系統架構與組織成員	47
圖 3-2智利鮭魚養殖流程、產業群聚與價值鏈	68
圖 3-3智利鮭魚養殖場分布示意圖	70
圖 4-1 2003-2012年全球鮭魚養殖產量	84
圖 4-2水產養殖業的供應鏈	93
圖 4-3智利鮭魚養殖業之波特五力分析圖	103

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