正常眼壓型青光眼對視神經盤造成傷害是本文主要的研究重點，正常眼壓型青光眼前房壓力介於10-20mmHg屬正常範圍內，由於視神經盤的發育缺陷，導致視神經盤無法承受正常範圍眼壓的壓迫而產生視野缺損。本研究借由設計完整的眼球膜型，並參照正常眼壓型青光眼的發病機制進行模擬分析。分析結果得到前房壓力值符合正常眼壓型青光眼臨床壓力值範圍，從應力分布現象來看，最大應力集中在鞏膜後端與視神經盤處。本研究針對白種人、亞洲人、非洲人進行探討，人種間的主要差異在於視神經盤的大小不同，研究發現在相同眼壓下，非洲人在視神經盤應力集中現象大於白種人與亞洲人，而亞洲人又較白種人大。本文也針對不同人種、不同眼壓、不同組織楊氏系數進行探討。本研究之分析結果，能提供往後相關研究一個重要的依據。

In this study, the main body of research is focused on injuries to the optic disc of the eye ball due to normal-tension glaucoma. Because of developmental defects in the optic disc, the anterior intraocular pressure falls outside of the nominal range, producing visual field defects. The anterior IOP due to normal tension glaucoma is generally between the 10-20 mmHg. This study discusses the comprehensive design of an eye model, with analysis and reference to the simulation of the pathogenesis of normal-tension glaucoma. The resulting modeled values found for anterior pressure during normal-tension glaucoma were found to be in line with clinical pressure ranges. Utilizing stress distribution models, the maximum stress concentration was found to be in the rear of the sclera and the optic disc. In this study, the optic discs of Caucasians, Asians, and Africans are discussed, with the main difference between the three ethnicities lying in the different sizes of the optic disc of each respective ethnicity. This study found that, for the same anterior IOP, those of African descent will experience the highest stress concentrations in the optic disc of the three ethnicities, with those of Asian and Caucasian descent coming in second and third, respectively. This study also covers variations due to different ethnicities, different anterior IOPs, and different Young’s moduli. The results of this study can provide an important basis for future research.

目錄
第一章序論	1
1-1 前言	1
1-2 研究背景與動機	2
1-3 正常眼壓型青光眼	4
1-4 文獻回顧	5
第二章研究方法	12
2-1 有限元素法概論	12
2-2 應用軟體	13
2-3 研究過程	14
第三章分析理論	16
3-1 連續方程式	17
3-2 動量方程式	18
3-3 可壓縮能量方程式	19
3-4 壓力方程式	20
3-5 收斂檢測	21
第四章參數條件設定	22
4-1 定義分析元素	22
4-1-1 流體元素分析	22
4-1-2 結構體元素分析	23
4-2 材料性質	24
4-3 模型建立	27
4-4 初始條件設定	31
4-5 負載條件設定	32
第五章數值模型分析結果	34
5-1 結果分析	34
5-1-1 流體分析結果	34
5-1-2 結構體分析結果	36
5-2 結果驗證	38
5-3 結果討論	42
5-3-1白種人、亞洲人、非洲人視神經盤差異比較討論	42
5-3-2不同人種不同眼壓與相同材料參數做比較討論	46
5-3-3不同人種相同的眼壓與不同的材料參數做比較討論	54
第六章結論與未來展望	62
6-1 結論	62
6-2 未來展望	64
參考文獻	66

圖目錄
圖1-1青光眼視野缺損的演進	2
圖1-2房水流動示意圖[8]	4
圖1 3正常眼壓型青光眼房水流動示意圖[9]	5
圖2-1研究流程圖	15
圖4 1FLUID 142 元素圖[40]	23
圖4 2SOLID 45 元素圖[40]	23
圖4-3眼球簡易尺寸圖[54]	30
圖4-4眼球結構圖[55]	30
圖4 5眼球模型剖面圖	31
圖4 6房水流場設定圖	32
圖4 7邊界條件示意圖	33
圖5 1正常眼壓型青光眼前後房壓力分布圖	35
圖5 2正常眼壓型青光眼前後房流場圖	35
圖5 3正常眼壓型青光眼前後房流線圖	36
圖5 4正常眼壓型青光眼之應力分布圖	37
圖5 5正常眼壓型青光眼應變分布圖	37
圖5 6正常眼壓型青光眼與文獻[19]比較之應力分布圖	40
圖5 7正常眼壓型青光眼與文獻[26]比較之應力分布圖	41
圖5-8白種人、亞洲人、非洲人視神經盤差異之應力分佈比較圖	44
圖5-9白種人、亞洲人、非洲人視神經盤差異之應變分布比較圖	45
圖5-10白種人相同材料參數與不同眼壓之應力分布比較圖。	48
圖5-11白種人相同材料參數與不同眼壓之應變分布比較圖。	49
圖5-12亞洲人相同材料參數與不同眼壓之應力分布比較圖。	50
圖5-13亞洲人相同材料參數與不同眼壓之應變分布比較圖。	51
圖5-14非洲人相同材料參數與不同眼壓之應力分布比較圖。	52
圖5-15非洲人相同材料參數與不同眼壓之應力分布比較圖。	53
圖5 16白種人，三種年齡層眼壓為10mmHg之應力分布比較圖	56
圖5 17白種人，三種年齡層眼壓為10mmHg之應變分布比較圖	57
圖5 18亞洲人，三種年齡層眼壓為10mmHg之應力分布比較圖	58
圖5 19亞洲人，三種年齡層眼壓為10mmHg之應力分布比較圖	59
圖5 20非洲人，三種年齡層眼壓為10mmHg之應力分布比較圖	60
圖5 21非洲人，三種年齡層眼壓為10mmHg之應力分布比較圖	61

表目錄
表4 1房水材料參數表	24
表4 2模擬結構體眼球組織之材料參數表	27
表5 1正常眼壓型青光眼與文獻[19]之尺寸對照表	39
表5 2正常眼壓型青光眼與文獻[19]之楊氏係數對照表	39
表5 3正常眼壓型青光眼與文獻[19]之結果倍數比較表	40
表5 4正常眼壓型青光眼與文獻[26]之尺寸對照表	41
表5 5正常眼壓型青光眼與文獻[26]之楊氏係數對照表	41
表5 6不同人種相同眼壓與相同楊氏係數數據表	43
表5 7不同人種、不同的楊氏係數與相同眼壓數據表	55

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