近年來，由於無線網路使用者日益增加，開發多頻道利用率已受到學者們的重視，而會面問題與多頻道隱藏節點問題是Multi-Channel中首要解決的兩大挑戰，如何發展一好的協定以克服其兩大挑戰，已成為一熱門的研究議題。此外，由於Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs)環境，皆為多頻道之網路環境，因此，亦必須克服會面問題與多頻道隱藏節點問題，且現存之次級使用者(Secondary Users，SUs)如何能達到不影響優先使用者(Primary Users，PUs)傳輸的前提下，尋找並使用其頻道傳輸，亦為一重要的研究議題。因此，本論文針對CRNs環境與一般多頻道網路環境研發出三種不同的MAC Protocol，分別為SMC-CR-MAC、QM-MAC與HM-MAC，其中SMC-CR-MAC作用於CRNs中，QM-MAC與HM-MAC則作用於一般的多頻道網路環境中。SMC-CR-MAC，將解決SUs會面與頻寬資源浪費的問題，使各個SUs能夠在不影響PUs的情況下進行資料傳輸，提高頻寬利用率以及降低SUs的資料傳輸延遲時間。透過QM-MAC，能夠提高網路效能，HM-MAC則針對QM-MAC所產生的公平性問題進行修改，進一步達到網路平衡。

Recently, developing the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol has been considered in such a way for improving the utilization of wireless spectrum. However, to develop the multi-channel MAC protocol, there are two challenges need to be considered, the Rendezvous Problem and Multi-Channel Hidden Terminal Problem. To handle the rendezvous problem, some literatures can be classified into the control-channel based (CCB) channel model. In this channel model, all node stay on the control channel to reserve the proper data channel for data exchange. Nevertheless, the channel model will introduced the multi-channel hidden terminal problem. Herein, to overcome the above-mentioned problems, other previous studies can fall into the class of control-period based channel model (CPB) channel model. In this channel model, all nodes stay on the ATIM window of the predefined channel to exchange control packets to reserve the data window. However, since all nodes should switch to the default channel for participating in the ATIM windows, the ATIM windows of all channels other than the default channel will not be used, resulting in poor network performance. 
This thesis firstly proposed two multi-channel MAC protocols which aim at improving the channel utilization without rendezvous and multi-channel hidden terminal problems. The first MAC protocol, named QM-MAC, employs the concept of the Quorum system. By applying the Quorum system, the node only equips with one transceiver can resolve the rendezvous and multi-channel hidden terminal problems. Moreover, the network throughput can be obviously improved. On the other hand, in the second multi-channel MAC protocol, called HM-MAC, applies the Hadamard matrix to increase the network performance in terms of the utilization of control window, traffic load-balanced, and network throughput. 
As a result, the wireless spectrum can be fully utilized, however, the wireless spectrum demand has greatly increased in the last few decades because that the rapid deployment of new wireless devices and applications. Cognitive Radio (CR) is a novel and promising spectrum management technique proposed recently, which is able to alleviate the inefficient spectrum utilization and spectrum scarcity problems by opportunistically employing portions of the licensed bands. 
To ensure that the operation of licensed users will not be adversely affected, this paper proposes a stepwise multi-channel MAC protocol, called SMC-CR-MAC. By applying the proposed SMC-CR-MAC protocol, the spectrum utilization can be maximized, hence increasing the network throughput. In addition, two types of the detection situations are considered. According to the detection situation, several problems might occur, resulting in the failure data exchange. To successfully exchange data between sender and receiver, the proposed SMC-CR-MAC applies Contiguous Channel Swap and Sender-Receiver Channel Swap approaches. By applying above two approaches, the rendezvous, packet collision and the channel congestion problems can be overcome. Simulation results show that the proposed QM-MAC, HM-MAC and SMC-CR-MAC protocols can obviously improve the network performance in terms of utilization of wireless spectrum, traffic load-balanced, and network throughput.

目錄
圖目錄	VI
表目錄	IX
第一章 簡介	1
第二章 相關研究	8
第三章 SMC-CR-MAC Protocol	12
3.1	網路環境與問題描述	12
3.1.1	網路環境	12
3.1.2	問題描述	13
3.2	THE PROPOSED MAC PROTOCOL	17
3.2.1	Channel Model	17
3.2.2	Homogeneous Sensing Situation	22
3.2.3	Heterogeneous Sensing Situation	32
3.3	SMC-CR-MAC流程圖與演算法	36
3.4	實驗數據及結果	41
3.4.1	實驗環境	41
3.4.2	模擬結果	42
第四章 QM-MAC Protocol	55
4.1	網路環境與問題描述	55
4.2	Preliminary	59
4.3	THE PROPOSED MAC PROTOCOL	61
4.3.1	Applied Channel Model	61
4.3.2	Basic QM-MAC	63
4.3.3	Advanced QM-MAC	70
4.4	實驗數據及結果	80
4.4.1	模擬環境	80
4.4.2	模擬結果	81
第五章 HM-MAC Protocol	90
5.1	網路環境與問題描述	90
5.2	THE PROPOSED MAC PROTOCOL	94
5.2.1	Applied Channel Model	94
5.2.2	HM-MAC	96
5.3	HM-MAC流程圖與演算法	109
5.4	實驗數據及結果	111
5.4.1	模擬環境	111
5.4.2	模擬結果	112
第六章 結論	120
參考文獻	123
附錄—英文論文	128
 
圖目錄
圖1.1 無線感知網路示意圖	2
圖3.1 The Channel Model of SMC-CR-MAC	18
圖3.2 Bitmap用法之示意圖	21
圖3.3 SU傳輸對執行CCSA以尋找合適的頻道進行會面	28
圖3.4 SU執行SRCSA以繼續未完成的資料傳輸	32
圖3.5 SMC-CR-MAC之流程圖	36
圖3.6 The procedure of SMC-CR-MAC protocol	37
圖3.7 HOSS的處理程序	38
圖3.8 HESS的處理程序	40
圖3.9 在沒有PU出現的情況下，不同頻道數對於網路吞吐量的影響	43
圖3.10 當PU出現在control channel/ATIM window對於SU傳輸對會面機率的影響	44
圖3.11 當PU出現在control channel/ATIM window對於SU傳輸對網路吞吐量的影響	46
圖3.12 當PU出現在 data channel/DATA window對於SU傳輸對網路吞吐量的影響	47
圖3.13 PU出現的機率與時間長對於平均封包延遲時間及網路吞吐量的影響	49
圖3.14 SU傳輸對數量對於網路吞吐量的影響	50
圖3.15 SU傳輸對數對於頻道流量標準差的影響	52
圖3.16 PU出現的時間長短對於網路吞吐量的影響	53
圖3.17 PU出現的機率與時間長度對於網路吞吐量的影響	54
圖4.1 The Channel Model of QM-MAC	63
圖4.2 Basic QM-MAC之主機會面與排程	66
圖4.3 Primary Matrix用法之例子	70
圖4.4 Advanced QM-MAC之主機會面與排程	73
圖4.5 Advanced QM-MAC之主機會面公平化	75
圖4.6 QM-MAC之流程圖	78
圖4.7 The procedure of QM-MAC protocol	79
圖4.8 不同頻道數對於主機在ATIM Winodw中會面成功率的影響	82
圖4.9 不同頻道數對於網路吞吐量的影響	84
圖4.10 不同的網路流量對於網路吞吐量的影響	85
圖4.11 不同的網路流量對於平均延遲時間的影響	86
圖4.12 不同的傳輸對數量對於網路吞吐量的影響	87
圖4.13 不同的傳輸對數量對於封包碰撞率的影響	88
圖4.14 不同的contol slot數量對於網路吞吐量的影響	89
圖5.1 The Channel Model of HM-MAC	96
圖5.2 HM-MAC之不同頻道主機會面與排程	101
圖5.3 HM-MAC之相同頻道主機會面與排程	104
圖5.4 HM-MAC之例子	106
圖5.5 HM-MAC之流程圖	109
圖5.6 The procedure of HM-MAC protocol	110
圖5.7 不同頻道數對於主機在ATIM Winodw中會面成功率的影響	113
圖5.8 不同頻道數對於網路吞吐量的影響	114
圖5.9 不同的網路流量對於網路吞吐量的影響	115
圖5.10 不同的網路流量對於平均延遲時間的影響	116
圖5.11 不同的傳輸對數量對於網路吞吐量的影響	118
圖5.12 不同的傳輸對數量對於封包碰撞率的影響	119

表目錄
表3.1 SMC-CR-MAC實驗參數	42
表4.1 QM-MAC符號表	56
表4.2 QM-MAC實驗參數	81
表5.1 HM-MAC符號表	91
表5.2 HM-MAC實驗參數	112

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