本研究以恆壓過濾系統，採透析過濾及濃縮程序兩種操作方法過濾玻尿酸溶液，探討在不同pH值(3、5、7、13)、攪拌速度(0、100、300、500 rpm)及進料濃度(0.25、0.5、1、2 kg/m3)下，對濾速、濃度極化、阻隔率及過濾阻力之變化。
在低進料濃度(0.25 kg/m3)及高攪拌速度(500 rpm)下，當操作壓力大於150 kPa時，已接近極限濾速區域。在溶液pH=3時，HA分子較接近為球狀粒子，堆積形態緊密，濾速相對較低。濃度高時，因溶液黏度較高會產生較大的過濾阻力使得濾速較低；由過濾阻力之分析，發現濃度極化阻力遠大於薄膜阻力及結垢阻力，加入攪拌可有效降低濃度極化阻力而提升濾速。濃縮程序中，在攪拌速度為500 rpm下，可將HA濃度從0.5 kg/m3濃縮至1.5 kg/m3，隨著槽內濃度及黏度上升濾速降低，於濃縮後期因薄膜表面膠層形成，濃度極化阻力急劇上升。

This study investigated the diafiltration and concentration of HA solution in a dead-end stirred cell. The flux behavior, HA rejection and filtration resistance were discussed under various operating parameters such as pH value (3, 5, 7 and 13), stirred rate (0, 100, 300 and 500 rpm) and feed concentration (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg/m3).
At low feed concentration (0.25 kg/m3) and high stirred rate (500 rpm), the limiting flux region was reached as the operation pressure exceeded 150 kPa. For pH = 3, the permeate was relatively low due to the fact that the HA molecule is close to a spheroid particle and results in a compact polarization layer. The filtration resistance increased with the increase of feed concentration due to the increment of feed viscosity; By measuring the filtration resistances, it is noted that the concentration polarization resistance is significantly larger than the membrane resistance or the fouling resistance. The addition of stirred rate can effectively disturb the concentration polarization layer and enhance the permeate flux. At 500 rpm, the 0.5 kg/m3 HA solution was concentrated to 1.5 kg/m3. The permeate flux decreased with the increases of solution concentration and viscosity in the stirred cell. Moreover, the filtration resistance increased hugely at the late stage of concentration due to the formation of gel layer on the membrane surface.

圖目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 薄膜分離程序 2
1.3 薄膜型態與模組 5
1.4 濃度極化與結垢現象 6
1.5 研究目的 8

第二章 文獻回顧 12
2.1 玻尿酸簡介 12
2.1.1 玻尿酸之發現	13
2.1.2 玻尿酸之來源與方法 13
2.1.3 玻尿酸之純化	14
2.1.4 玻尿酸之應用	15
2.2 透析過濾相關研究 18
2.2.1 透析過濾應用領域 19
2.2.2 透析過濾理論分析之研究 20
2.2.3 提升純化效果之研究 21
2.3 濾速提升之方法 22
2.4 濾速分析模式 25
2.4.1 阻力串聯模式 25
2.4.2 膠層極化模式 26

第三章 實驗裝置與方法 32
3.1 實驗裝置 32
3.2 實驗藥品 33
3.3 實驗步驟 33
3.4 操作條件 34
3.5 分析方法 34
3.5.1 玻尿酸含量之測定 34
3.5.2 阻隔率之計算 36
3.6 實驗後薄膜之清洗 37

第四章 結果與討論 40
4.1 薄膜純水濾速 40
4.2 透析過濾 41
4.2.1 極限濾速 41
4.2.2 濾速行為 41
4.2.3 濃度極化與結垢 42
4.3 濃縮程序 44
4.3.1 濾速行為 44
4.3.2 濃縮比 45
4.3.3 濃度極化與結垢 45
4.4 阻隔率之結果 47
4.5 攪拌速度對質傳係數之影響 48

第五章 結論 70
5.1 透析過濾 70
5.2 濃縮程序 71
5.3 阻隔率之結果 72
5.4 攪拌速度對質傳係數之影響 72
5.5 總結	72
符號說明	74
參考文獻	77
附錄A 84
附錄B 85

圖目錄
圖1.1    薄膜分離程序之分類 9
圖1.2 	顯示以壓力差作為驅動力的薄膜分離之特性分析 10
圖1.3  (a)濾餅過濾及(b)掃流過濾示意圖 11
圖2.1 	透析過濾示意圖 29
圖2.2 	提高濾速之方法 30
圖2.3 	膠層極化之濃度層分佈圖 31
圖3.1 	實驗裝置圖 38
圖4.1 	OMEGA 100kDa薄膜純水濾速圖 50
圖4.2 	MILLIPORE 100kDa薄膜純水濾速圖 50
圖4.3 	HA極限濾速圖 51
圖4.4 	透析過濾改變攪拌速度之濾速變化圖 51
圖4.5 	透析過濾不同pH值下濾速變化圖(500rpm) 52
圖4.6	透析過濾不同pH值下濾速變化圖(300rpm) 52
圖4.7	透析過濾不同pH值下濾速變化圖(100rpm) 53
圖4.8	透析過濾不同pH值下濾速變化圖(0rpm) 53
圖4.9 	透析過濾不同攪拌速度下濾速變化圖(pH=3) 54
圖4.10 	透析過濾不同攪拌速度下濾速變化圖(pH=5) 54
圖4.11 	透析過濾不同攪拌速度下濾速變化圖(pH=7) 55
圖4.12 	透析過濾不同攪拌速度下濾速變化圖(pH=13) 55
圖4.13 	透析過濾不同濃度下濾速變化圖(500rpm) 56
圖4.14 	透析過濾不同濃度下濾速變化圖(300rpm) 56
圖4.15 	透析過濾不同濃度下濾速變化圖(100rpm) 57
圖4.16 	透析過濾不同濃度下濾速變化圖(0rpm) 57
圖4.17 	透析過濾不同pH值下Rp變化圖(500rpm) 58
圖4.18 	透析過濾不同pH值下Rp變化圖(300rpm) 58
圖4.19 	透析過濾不同pH值下Rp變化圖(100rpm) 59
圖4.20 	透析過濾不同pH值下Rp變化圖(0rpm) 59
圖4.21 	透析過濾不同濃度下Rp變化圖(500rpm) 60
圖4.22 	透析過濾不同濃度下Rp變化圖(300rpm) 60
圖4.23 	透析過濾不同濃度下Rp變化圖(100rpm) 61
圖4.24 	透析過濾不同濃度下Rp變化圖(0rpm) 61
圖4.25 	透析過濾不同pH值下結垢阻力圖 62
圖4.26 	濃縮程序不同攪拌速度下之濾速變化圖 62
圖4.27 	濃縮比與VCR之關係圖 63
圖4.28 	濃縮比與時間之關係圖 63
圖4.29 	濃縮程序不同攪拌速度下Rp變化圖 64
圖4.30 	透析過濾與濃縮程序Rp變化圖(500rpm) 64
圖4.31 	透析過濾與濃縮程序Rp變化圖(300rpm) 65
圖4.32 	透析過濾與濃縮程序Rp變化圖(100rpm) 65
圖4.33 	透析過濾與濃縮程序Rp變化圖(0rpm) 66
圖4.34 	透析過濾與濃縮程序下結垢阻力圖 66
圖4.35 	透析過濾不同攪拌速度下阻隔率變化圖(pH=3) 67
圖4.36 	透析過濾不同攪拌速度下阻隔率變化圖(pH=5) 67
圖4.37 	透析過濾不同攪拌速度下阻隔率變化圖(pH=7) 68
圖4.38 	透析過濾不同攪拌速度下阻隔率變化圖(pH=13) 68
圖4.39 	透析過濾進料濃度對濾速之影響圖 69
圖A.1 	HA溶液之檢量線 84
圖B.1 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=2 (pH=3) 86
圖B.2 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=1.5 (pH=3) 86
圖B.3 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=1 (pH=3) 87
圖B.4 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=0 (pH=3) 87
圖B.5 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=2 (pH=5) 88
圖B.6 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=1.5 (pH=5) 88
圖B.7 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=1 (pH=5) 89
圖B.8 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=0 (pH=5) 89
圖B.9 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=2 (pH=7) 90
圖B.10 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=1.5 (pH=7) 90
圖B.11 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=1 (pH=7) 91
圖B.12 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=0 (pH=7) 91
圖B.13 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=2 (pH=13) 92
圖B.14 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=1.5 (pH=13) 92
圖B.15 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=1 (pH=13) 93
圖B.16 	透析過濾阻塞模式n=0 (pH=13) 93

表目錄
表1.1  	不同操作程序之驅動力分類 9
表3.1 	圓盤式薄膜(Disc Membrane)規格 39
表3.2 	玻尿酸(HA)規格 39
表4.1 	薄膜純水透過率與薄膜阻力 40
表4.2	不同rpm下之質傳係數 49

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