無線感測器網路是由一些微小的感測器節點所架構而成的網路，每一個感測器節點具有感應、無線通訊及處理資訊的能力。感測器節點可以將收集到的資料用無線傳輸的方式，將資料傳回基地台做資料處理。因為此特性，無線感測器網路可以應用在各個不同的領域，例如：應用在醫療，安全監視，軍事方面。
無線感測器網路設計時所需要考慮的地方，像是節點能量消耗、網路壅塞控制、檔案傳輸可靠度、安全性等，而這些問題都有可能由上往下影響好幾層。對於無線感測器網路，傳輸協定所影響最大的部份即在於網路壅塞控制、檔案傳輸可靠度以及節省節點能量消耗的部份。
在此篇論文中，主要探討的對象是目前無線感測器網路的傳輸協定分類中的”保持高信賴度傳輸”和”網路壅塞控制” 兩類，這兩種類型的傳輸協定都有各自的問題而無法滿足每一種應用的要求。在注重高信賴的協定中，可以藉由修復機制使網路傳輸率保持在一定的可靠度，但是
因為沒有網路壅塞控制的機制，因此在網路壅塞而緩衝區空間不足
的情形下，會造成資源的無謂損耗和降低封包傳輸的成功率。注重網路壅塞的協定則是剛好相反的狀況，在網路發生壅塞情形的狀況下，可以順利的解決網路壅塞的問題，不會讓資源消耗在必然會發生傳輸失敗的情形，但是沒有修復封包機制的存在，使得這種類型的協定在環境不佳而傳輸成功率不高的時候，最後所表現出來的傳輸成功率不佳。於是在本篇論文中，我們設計了一個新協定，期望能滿足各種應用的需求，並且不需要為了配合不同的應用需求而一直的修改。
在此論文中，我們設計了一個新協定，包含了封包修復機制以修復因為傳輸環境不良而被遺失的封包，並藉由回報訊息來控制網路傳輸，避免網路發生壅塞而使得封包被遺棄。在這兩個主要機制的作用之下，使得我們的新協定可以不經過修改即可使用在傳輸環境不良或是容易發生壅塞的網路中。

Wireless sensor networks are composed of various micro sensor nodes. Each sensor node has the ability of sense, wireless communication and data processing. The sensor nodes can transfer the collected information to the base station. With the feature of sensor node, the wireless sensor networks can be used in different fields.
Many problems may influence many layers top-down from the application layer to the physical layer. The energy consumption, the network safety, the congestion control, and the data dissemination reliability etc. They should be considered when we design the wireless sensor network. The influence of the transport protocols are congestion control, the data dissemination reliability and the energy consumption
In this paper, the “high reliability transmission” type and the “congestion control” type are the research objective. They all have their own problems and they can’t supply the requirements of every application. The “high reliability transmission” type keeps the packet delivery having high reliability with the recovery scheme. But this type doesn’t have the congestion control scheme. When the congestion happens, the coming packets will be dropped because of the full cache. It decreases the delivery success ratio and increases the resource consumption. The “congestion control” type is on the contrary. This type can overcome the congestion to decrease the loss packets due to the congestion. But this type can’t recovery the loss packets due to the bad quality of transmission channel. Therefore, this type can’t have high transmission reliability when the environment has bad quality of transmission channel. And we design a new protocol. We wish the protocol can supply the requirements of every application and can be used in any environment without modification.
Our new protocol includes recovering the loss packets due to the bad transmission quality. And we use a report message to control the network transmission to avoid the packets being dropped due to the congestion. With the functions, our new protocol can be used in the bad transmission quality environment or the heavy traffic network.

目錄
中文摘要.................................................Ⅰ
英文摘要.................................................Ⅲ
目錄.....................................................Ⅵ
圖目錄...................................................Ⅸ
表目錄.................................................ⅩⅡ
第一章 序論...............................................1
第二章 相關研究...........................................5
2.1概論...................................................5
2.2 End-to-End傳輸機制的協定..............................7
2.2.1 ESRT................................................7
2.3 Hop-by-hop傳輸機制....................................9
2.3.1維持可信賴的傳輸.....................................9
2.3.1.1 RMST.............................................10
2.3.1.2 PSFQ.............................................10
2.3.1.3 GARUDA...........................................12
2.3.2網路壅塞情形的控制..................................13
2.3.2.1 CODA.............................................13
2.3.2.2 PORT.............................................14
第三章 新協定的動機......................................16
第四章 新協定的做法......................................22
4.1 新協定的封包格式.....................................22
4.2 新協定流程圖.........................................24
4.3傳送訊息的第一個封包階段..............................27
4.4傳送訊息的剩餘封包階段................................29
4.5修復階段..............................................32
4.6回報階段..............................................34
4.6維持網路傳輸的公平性..................................37
第五章 模擬結果..........................................39
5.1模擬環境..............................................39
5.2使用end-to-end的傳輸機制和hop-by-hop的傳輸機制比較....41
5.2.1目的地成功接收率對網路大小的比較....................42
5.2.2 Overhead對節點間傳輸成功率的比較...................43
5.3擁有修復機制的協定在發生網路壅塞的表現................45
5.3.1目的地成功接收率對網路大小的比較....................46
5.3.2 Overhead對網路大小的比較...........................48
5.4 在網路壅塞控制的比較.................................52
5.5 傳輸延遲時間的比較...................................58
第六章 結論..............................................60
參考文獻.................................................63

圖目錄
圖1.1無線感測網路系統基本架構.............................2
圖3.1 沒有修復功能的封包傳送在不同環境的目的地成功接收率.16
圖3.2使用end-to-end的傳輸方式，修復訊息次數和目的地成功接收
     率的關係............................................19
圖3.3使用hop-by-hop的傳輸方式，修復訊息次數和目的地成功接收
     率的關係............................................19
圖4.1新協定的傳送封包格式................................22
圖4.2新協定的回報封包格式................................23
圖4.3節點成為下游接收節點時的流程圖......................24
圖4.4節點成為上游傳送節點時的流程圖......................25
圖4.5網路連結簡單示意圖..................................37
圖5.1新協定和SRM目的地成功接收率的比較圖.................42
圖5.2新協定和SRM傳送成功一次封包平均需要多少次傳送.......43
圖5.3目的地成功接收率對傳送距離的比較(節點間傳送成功率為
     90％) ..............................................46
圖5.4目的地成功接收率對傳送距離的比較(節點間傳送成功率為
     70％)...............................................47
圖5.5目的地成功接收率對傳送距離的比較(節點間傳送
      成功率為50％)......................................48
圖5.6 overhead對傳送距離的比較(節點間傳送成功率
      為90％)............................................49
圖5.7 overhead對傳送距離的比較(節點間傳送成功率
      為70％)............................................50
圖5.8 overhead對傳送距離的比較(節點間傳送成功率
      為50％)............................................51
圖5.9上游節點數量對傳輸完成時間的比較圖（每個來源
      節點傳送50個封包）.................................52
圖5.10上游節點數量對接收成功封包數量的比較圖（每
      個來源節點傳送50個封包）...........................53
圖5.11上游節點數量對傳輸完成時間的比較圖（每個
      來源節點傳送500個封包）............................54
圖5.12上游節點數量對接收成功封包數量的比較圖（每   
      個來源節點傳送500個封包）..........................55
圖5.13接收完所有封包所需時間.............................56
圖5.14目的地節點成功接收率...............................56
圖5.15三種協定在不同網路大小的延遲時間比較...............58

表目錄
表4.1傳送第一個封包的演算法..............................27
表4.2傳送階段的演算法....................................29
表4.3修復階段的演算法....................................32
表4.4回報階段的演算法....................................34

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