本論文主要探討法國在後冷戰時期如何重返北大西洋公約組織，並且討論最終是什麼原因讓法國在1966年退出該組織後，從原本排擠美國與北約組織在歐洲之影響力，轉變而成參與對北約組織的整合進程，甚至明確表示改造北約組織內部的決策程序與軍事結構，與強化歐盟的防衛行動能力是維護歐洲安全一體的兩面，充分發揮其在北約組織中的影響力。

在本論文中欲達到的研究目的有：
檢視冷戰結束後，法國與北約組織之間的互動關係，以及法國逐步重返北約組織軍事架構的過程；
分析後冷戰時代，北約組織轉型對於法國及歐洲安全與防衛的意涵及影響為何；
了解法國建構歐洲安全自主之意涵，即其與北約組織產生競合之課題；
以國家層次、國際層次，以及全球層次等三方面因素分析法國重新返回北約組織過程中，行為及態度轉變的根本考量。

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss how France, in the Post-Cold War era, returned to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This thesis attempts to discuss the dynamics of France’s shift; namely, what made the country to change its former stance of rejecting the influence from the United States and NATO in Europe after withdrawing from the organization in 1966 and to rejoin the integration process of NATO. Moreover, it made a clear indication of its willingness in transforming the decision-making procedure and the military structure within NATO as well as strengthening the defense ability of the European Union. The aforementioned are two sides of European security which would make France fully enlarge its influence in NATO.

The purposes of this thesis are as follows:
It is to see the interaction and interrelation between France and NATO, and the process of France’s return to NATO’s military structure;
It tends to analyze the meaning and the effect of NATO’s transformation towards French and European security and defense;
It helps to understand the meaning of France’s establishment of European security autonomy and the competition and cooperation between itself and NATO;
It analyzes France’s basic consideration in the process of the returning to NATO which can be classified into three levels: domestic level, international level and global level.

第一章　緒論	1
第一節　研究動機與目的	1
一、研究動機	1
二、研究目的	3
第二節　研究方法	4
一、歷史研究法	4
二、文獻分析法	5
三、比較分析法	5
第三節　研究範圍與限制	6
一、研究範圍	6
二、研究限制	8
第四節　研究架構與架構圖	9
一、研究架構	9
二、架構圖	11
第五節　文獻檢閱	12
第二章	冷戰期間法國加入及退出北約組織的動機	17
第一節	法國加入北約組織的背景及原因	17
一、緊密的兩極國際體系	17
二、經濟問題	20
三、安全問題	21
第二節	第四共和與北約組織的疏離	23
一、北約組織內部的地位問題	24
二、重新武裝西德問題	25
三、發展核武問題	27
四、蘇伊士運河事件	28
五、海外殖民地戰爭問題	29
第三節	法國退出北約組織的動機及過程	33
一、戴高樂主義的外交思維	33
二、鬆散的兩極國際體系	36
三、北約組織安全保障的可信度	36
四、退出北約組織的過程	37
第四節　小結	40
第三章　北約組織轉型對法國及歐洲的影響	43
第一節　北約組織轉型的背景	43
一、國際體系的改變	44
二、歐洲安全環境的變遷	45
三、美國的全球戰略	49
第二節　北約組織轉型的意涵	50
一、擴充政治職能	51
二、境外的危機處理與維和行動	55
三、強化架構內的歐洲支柱	57
四、東擴吸納新成員	59
第三節　北約組織轉型的影響	61
一、對美國的意義	61
二、對歐洲盟國的意義	63
三、對法國的影響	65
第四節　小結	73
第四章　法國推動歐洲安全自主與北約組織之競合	77
第一節　法國領導歐洲建立外交政策整合的背景與發展	78
一、歐洲政治合作(EPC)的開端	79
二、單一歐洲法(SEA)予以法制化	81
三、歐洲聯盟條約形成共同外交暨安全政策(CFSP)	82
四、阿姆斯特丹條約的補強	85
第二節　法國推動歐洲建立自主軍事行動能力的發展	87
一、歐洲聯軍的建立	88
二、北約架構內的歐洲安全暨防衛實體(ESDI)	91
三、聖馬洛高峰會與歐洲安全暨防衛政策(ESDP)的建立	95
第三節　法國領導歐洲安全自主的影響	98
一、對美國與北約組織產生之影響	98
二、對法國產生之影響	102
第四節　小結	104
第五章　法國重返北約組織的過程及影響	107
第一節　法國重新返回北約組織的過程	108
一、密特朗執政時期(1991-1995)：遲緩地整合	108
二、席哈克執政時期(1995-2007)：加速並擴大整合進程	111
三、薩科奇執政時期(2007至今)：全面重返	116
第二節　法國重新返回北約組織的影響	121
一、對北約組織的影響	122
二、對「歐洲安全暨防衛政策」的影響	124
三、對法國國家安全的影響	126
四、對法、美關係的影響	127
第三節　小結	129
第六章　結論與研究心得	131
一、法國與北約組織互動的內、外部因素	131
二、法國戴高樂主義的堅持與延續	133
三、被迫與主動	136
四、歐洲安全自主能力發展的前景	136
五、北約組織在大西洋安全防衛的地位	138
參考資料	141

一、中文專書

中國現代國際關係研究院美歐研究中心。北約的命運。北京：時事出版社，2004。
艾森豪(Dwight D. Eisenhower)。白宮回憶錄(The White House Years: Waging Peace 1956-1961)。台北：徵信新聞報，1963。
吳萬寶。西歐聯盟－一個軍事組織的變遷。台北：五南圖書出版有限公司，2001。
李萬來。法國外交政策結構。台北：台灣新生報，1991。
沈堅。當代法國－歐洲的自尊與信心。貴陽：貴州人民出版社，2000。
周琪、王國明主編。戰後西歐四大國外交1945年-1980年。北京：中國人民公安大學出版社，1992。
芮正皋。法國憲法與「雙頭政治」。台北：梅遜出版社，1987。
柯德斯坦(Joshua S. Goldstein)著，歐信宏、胡祖慶譯。國際關係(International Relations)。台北：雙葉書廊，2003。
風笑天。社會科學研究方法。北京：中國人民大學出版社，2001。
袁文靖。越南戰爭史。台北：國際現勢週刊社，1981。
張台麟。法國政府與政治。台北：五南圖書出版股份有限公司，2007。
張錫昌、周劍卿。戰後法國外交史(1944-1992)。北京：世界知識出版社，1993。
郭秋慶。歐洲國家的外交與安全政策。台北：台灣國際研究學會，2006。
郭秋慶。歐洲聯盟概論。台北：五南圖書出版有限公司，1999。
陳勁。歐盟外交政策與對外關係。台北：五南圖書出版有限公司，2002。
德索維尼(G. de Bertier de Sauvigny)、品克尼(David H. Pinkney)著，蔡百銓譯。法國史(History of France)。台北：五南圖書出版公司，1989。
蔡東杰。西洋外交史。台北：風雲論壇，2001。
談子民。戴高樂與美國之背離。台北：黃露華，1969。
閻學通、孫學峰。國際關係研究實用方法。北京：人民出版社，2001。
戴高樂(Charles de Gaulle)著，蔡東杰譯。戰爭回憶錄〈卷三〉：完成救贖（1944-1946）(Mémoires de Guerre, tome III: Le Salut 1944-1946.)。台北：左岸文化事業有限公司，2002。

二、中文期刊與專文

甘逸驊。「歐洲安全與防衛政策的軍事層面：歐盟的全球戰略地位」，問題與研究 45卷，5 期 (2006)：頁111-136。
江進勳。「法國主導歐盟共同外交暨安全政策之動機與侷限」，遠東學報 26卷，3 期 (2009) ：頁503-519。
吳東野。「北約全球化戰略走向對台海情勢發展之意義及影響」，遠景季刊 1 卷，4 期 (2000)：頁25-58。
吳東野。「北約向東擴大問題」，問題與研究 10 卷，11 期 (1995)：頁26-41。
吳萬寶。「西歐聯盟的擴張與中東歐國家」，研究與動態， 8期 (2003)：頁59-73。
吳萬寶。「歐安會議第一或北約優先：歐美國家的安全政策選擇」，全球政治評論， 16期 (2006)：頁73-100。
吳萬寶。「歐盟建立自主行動能力初探」，大葉學報 11 卷，2 期 (2002)：頁39-54。
洪茂雄。「中東歐國家與歐盟統合之現狀和前景」，國家發展研究 6 卷，2 期 (2007)：頁99-118。
莫大華。「論析美國『防止擴散安全提議』的發展與展望」，遠景季刊 5 卷，3 期 (2004)：頁27-98。
湯紹成。「後冷戰時期北大西洋公約組織角色與功能的轉變」，問題與研究 39卷，1期 (2000)：頁67-78。
湯紹成。「當前阿爾巴尼亞內部危機」，問題與研究 36 卷， 5 期 (1997)：頁57-66。
湯紹成。「當前科索夫的問題與困境」，問題與研究 40 卷， 2 期 (2001)：頁83-92。
劉書彬。「歐洲聯盟『巴爾幹政策』之研析」，問題與研究 42 卷，1 期 (2003)：頁47-74。

三、英文專書

Bloed, Arie and Wessel, Ramses A. (eds.). The Changing Functions of the Western European Union. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1994.
Bozo, Frédéric. Two Strategies for Europe: De Gaulle, the United States, and the Atlantic Alliance. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew. The Choice: Global Domination or Global Leadership. New York: Basic Books, 2004.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: Basic Books, 1997.
Carmoy, Guy de. The Foreign Policies of France, 1944-1968. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1970.
Carter, Ashton and Perry, William. Preventive Defense: A New Security Strategy for America. Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1999.
Cerny, Philip G. The Politics of Grandeur: Ideological aspects of de Gaulle’s Foreign Policy. London: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Chafer, Tony and Jenkins, Brian. France from the Cold War to the New World Order. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.
Costigliola, F. France and the United States: The Cold Alliance since World War II. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992.
CRS Report for Congress. Congressional Research Service Report 91-478. Washington D.C.: The Library of Congress, 1991.
Dinan, Desmond. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction of European Integration, 3rd Edition. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005.
Dinan, Desmond. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction of European Integration, 3rd Edition. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2005.
Eliassen, Kjell A. Foreign and Security Policy in the European Union. London: SAGE Publication Ltd, 1998.
Fursdon, Edward. The European Defense Community, a history. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980.
Gann, L. H. and Duignan, Peter. Contemporary Europe and the Atlantic Alliance. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
Gompert, David C. and Larrabee, F. Stephen. America and Europe: A Partnership for a New Era. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Hanrieder, Wolfram F. and Auton, Graeme D. The Foreign Policies of West Germany, France and Britain. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1980.
Hodge, Carl Cavanagh. Atlanticism For A New Century: The Rise, Triumph, and Decline of NATO. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005.
Howorth, Jolyon. Saint-Malo Plus Five: An Interim Assessment of ESDP. Bruxelle: Notre-Europe, 2003.
International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). The Military Balance 2009. London: Routledge for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2009.
Jones, Joseph M. The Fifteen Weeks (February 21-June 5, 1947). New York: The Viking Press, 1955.
Kohl, Wilfred L. French Nuclear Diplomacy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1972.
Machado, Barry F. In Search of a Usable Past: The Marshall Plan and Postwar Reconstruction Today. U.S.: George C. Marshall Foundation, 2007.
Macridis, Roy C. (eds.). Foreign Policy in World Politics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992.
Moore, Rebecca R. NATO’s New Mission: Projecting Stability in a Post-Cold War World. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc, 2007.
Niblett, Robin and Wallace, William. Rethinking European Order: West European Responses, 1989-1997. London: Palgrave Macmillan Publishers, 2001.
Nuttall, Simon J. European Political Co-operation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Papacosma, S. Victor and Heiss, Mary Ann. NATO in the Post-Cold War Era: Does It Have a Future? New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Peterson, John and Sjursen, Helene (eds.). A Common Foreign Policy for Europe? Competing Visions of CFSP. New York: Routledge, 1998.
Silber, Laura and Little, Allan. Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation. London: Penguin Books, 1995.
Sloan, Stanley R. NATO, the European Union and the Atlantic Community: The Transatlantic Bargain Challenged. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2003.
Sloan, Stanley R. The United States and European Defence. Paris: Institute for Security Studies of WEU, 2000.
Sperling, James. Change: Two Tiers of Two Speeds. New York: Manchester University Press, 1999.
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). The Military Balance 1999/2000. London: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Yost, David S. NATO Transformed: The Alliance’s New Roles in International Security. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1998.

四、英文期刊與專文

Bailes, Alyson J. K. “European Defence and Security: The Role of NATO, WEU and EU,” Security Dialogue 27, no. 1 (1996): pp.55-64.
Bildt, Carl. “A Second Chance in the Balkans,” Foreign Affairs 80, no. 1 (2001): pp.148-158.
Bowker, Mike and Williams, Phil. “Helsinki and West European Security,” International Affairs 61, no. 4 (1985): pp.607-618.
Bruce, Erika V. C. “NATO After the January 1994 Summit: The View from Brussels,” in NATO in the Post-Cold War Era: Does It Have a Future? Edited by Papacosma, S. Victor and Heiss, Mary Ann. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Bryant, J. “France and NATO from 1966 to Kosovo: Coming full circle?” European Security 9, no.3 (2000): pp.22-39.
Croft, Stuart. “Guaranteeing Europe’s Security? Enlarging NATO Again,” International Affairs 78, no. 1 (2002): pp.97-114.
Forster, Edward. “The Franco-German Corps: A Theological Debate?” The RUSI Journal 137, no. 4 (1992): pp.63-67.
Furniss, Jr., Edgar S. “France, NATO, and European Security,” International Organization 10, no. 4 (1956): pp.544-558.
Ghez, Jeremy and Larrabee, F. Stephen. “France and NATO,” Survival 51, no. 2 (2009): pp.77-90.
Gordon, Philip H. “Bridging the Atlantic Divide,” Foreign Affairs 82, no. 1 (2003): pp.70-83.
Gordon, Philip H. “Their Own Army? Making European Defense Work,” Foreign Affairs 79, no. 4 (2000), pp.12-17.
Gourlay, Catriona and Remacle, Eric. “The 1996 IGC: The Actors and their Interaction,” in Foreign and Security Policy in the European Union. Edited by Eliassen, Kjell A. London: SAGE Publication Ltd, 1998.
Grant, Robert P. “France’s New Relationship with NATO,” Survival 38, no. 1 (1996): pp.58-80.
Guicherd, Catherine. “A European Defense Identity: Challenge and Opportunity for NATO,” in Congressional Research Service Report 91-478. Washington D.C.: CRS Report for Congress, 1991.
Haglund, D. “Travels with Charlemagne: Metaphor, Myth and the Future of Franco-German Security and Defence Cooperation,” Contemporary Security Policy 23, no. 1 (2002): pp.63-92.
Howorth, Jolyon. “France and European Security 1944-94: Re-reading the Gaullist ‘Consensus’ ,” in France from the Cold War to the New World Order. Edited by Chafer, Tony and Jenkins, Brian. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1996.
Hughes, Kirsty. “New Labour – New Europe?” International Affairs 74, no. 1 (1998): pp.93-103.
Johnson, William T. and Young, Thomas-Durell. “Franco-German Security Accommodation: Agreeing to Disagree,” Strategic Review (1993): pp.1-18.
Kornblum, John. “NATO’s Second Half Century- Tasks for an Alliance,” in NATO, NATO on Track for the 21st Century, Conference Report. Hague: Netherlands Atlantic Commission, 1994.
Kruzel, Joseph. “Partnership for Peace and the Transformation of North Atlantic Security,” in NATO in the Post-Cold War Era: Does It Have a Future? Edited by Papacosma, S. Victor and Heiss, Mary Ann. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.
Laurent, Pierre-Henri. “European-American Security Co-operation and Conflict,” in La Communauté Européenne de Défense: Leçons pour Demain? Edited by Dumoulin, Michel. Bruxelles: PIE Lang, 2000.
Macridis, Roy C. “French Foreign Policy: The Quest for Rank,” in Foreign Policy in World Politics. Edited by Macridis, Roy C. (eds.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992.
Mattox, Gale A. and Ahiteeneck, Daniel. “The ESDI, NATO and the new European security environment,” in Change: Two Tiers of Two Speeds. Edited by Sperling, James. New York: Manchester University Press, 1999.
Menon, Anand, Forster, Anthony and Wallace, William. “A Common European Defence?” Survival 34, no. 3 (1992): pp.98-118.
Menon, Anand. “From Independence to Cooperation: France, NATO, and European Security,” International Affairs 71, no. 1 (1995): pp.19-34.
Michel, Leo. “France and NATO: Getting to ‘Oui’,” Atlantisch Perspectief, no.1 (2008): pp.1-12.
NATO Headquarters, “NATO Ministerial Meeting in Brussels: NATO Foreign Ministers Begin Discussion of ‘New Strategic Concept’ for 21st Century,” Foreign Policy Bulletin 10 (1999): pp.129-142.
Niblett, Robin. “France and Europe at the End of the Cold War: Resisting Change,” in Rethinking European Order: West European Responses, 1989-1997. Edited by Niblett, Robin and Wallace, William. London: Palgrave Macmillan Publishers, 2001.
Oudenaren, John Van. “Europe as partner,” in America and Europe: A Partnership for a New Era. Edited by Gompert, David C. and Larrabee, F. Stephen. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Peterson, John and Sjursen, Helene. “Conclusion – The Myth of CFSP?” in A Common Foreign Policy for Europe? Competing Visions of CFSP. Edited by Peterson, John and Sjursen, Helene (eds.). New York: Routledge, 1998.
Solana, Javier. “NATO's Success in Kosovo,” Foreign Affairs 78, no. 6 (1999): pp.114-120.
Tiersky, Ronald. “France in the New Europe,” Foreign Affairs 71, no. 2 (1992): pp.131-146.
Waltz, Kenneth. “The Emerging Structure of International Politics,” International Security 18, no. 2 (1993): pp.44-79.
Williams, Phil, Hammond, Paul and Brenner, Michael. “Atlantis Lost, Paradise Regained? The United States and Western Europe after the Cold War,” International Affairs 69, no. 1 (1993): pp.1-17.
Yost, David S. “France in the New Europe,” Foreign Affairs 69, no. 5 (1990): pp.107-128.

五、英文官方文件

“Franco-British Summit: Joint Declaration on European Defense,” (Saint-Mâlo, 4 December 1998). http://www.atlanticcommunity.org/Saint-Malo%20Declaration%20Text.html (accessed April 30, 2010).
American Society of International Law. “France-Soviet Union: Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance,” The American Journal of International Law 39, no. 2, Supplement: Official Documents (1945): pp.83-85.
Burns, R. Nicholas. “NATO Remains Our Essential Alliance,” (10 June 2004) America.gov. http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2004/June/20040610165424frllehctim0.6346399.html (accessed March 31, 2010).
Eurocorps. “History of the Eurocorps,” http://eurocorps.org/home_page/eurocorps/history/History_of_the_Eurocorps.pdf (accessed April 29, 2010).
EUROPA. “Single European Act,” http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/11986U/tif/JOL_1987_169__1_EN_0002.tif (accessed April 22, 2010).
EUROPA. “Treaty on European Union,” http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/11992M/htm/11992M.html#0001000001 (accessed April 22, 2010).
NATO. “Action Plan of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council for 1998 - 2000,” http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_25998.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 25, 2010).
NATO. “Declaration on a Transformed North Atlantic Alliance,” http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_23693.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 21, 2010).
NATO. “Declaration on Peace and Cooperation,” http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-E8568909-D9E9E9B3/natolive/official_texts_23846.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 23, 2010);
NATO. “Defense Planning Committee and Nuclear Planning Group: Final Communiqué,” (Brussels: 28-29 May 1991) http://www.nato.int/docu/comm/49-95/c910529a.htm (accessed March 20, 2010).
NATO. “France moves on reintegrating NATO’s military structure,” http://www.nato.int/shape/news/2009/07/090727a.html (accessed May 13, 2010).
NATO. “Madrid Summit Meeting of the North Atlantic Council,” http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-2C3A1B44-9EF96015/natolive/news_25300.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 26, 2010).
NATO. “Ministerial Meeting of the North Atlantic Council held at NATO Headquarters: Final Communiqué,” (Brussels: 5 December 1995) http://www.nato.int/docu/comm/49-95/c951205a.htm (accessed March 28, 2010).
NATO. “NATO: A Vision for 2012,” (03 Oct. 2002) http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-F8C08426-563426E0/natolive/opinions_19716.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 29, 2010).
NATO. “Prague Summit Declaration,” http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_19552.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 29, 2010).
NATO. “Statement by the North Atlantic Council,” (12 Sep. 2001) http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_18553.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 28, 2010).
NATO. “Study on NATO Enlargement, Chapter 3: How NACC and PfP can contribute concretely to the enlargement process,” http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_24733.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 24, 2010).
NATO. “The Alliance’s Strategic Concept,” http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-5F9D6EAB-C9F79329/natolive/official_texts_27433.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 27, 2010).
NATO. “The Washington Declaration,” http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-228E4928-7A7782A2/natolive/official_texts_27445.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed March 27, 2010).
NATO. Allied Command Operations, “Brief History,” http://www.aco.nato.int/page129632359.aspx (accessed March 30, 2010).
NATO. NATO Handbook. Brussels: NATO Office of Information and Press, 2001.
NATO. NATO on Track for the 21st Century, Conference Report. Hague: Netherlands Atlantic Commission, 1994.
NATO. Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, “1990 onwards,” http://www.aco.nato.int/briefhistory.aspx (accessed March 30, 2010).
NATO. The North Atlantic Treaty, Article 5. http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm (accessed February 4, 2010).
U.S. Department of State. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950, Vol. III, Western Europe. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950.
UN Security Council. S/RES/787 (1992), http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N92/723/03/IMG/N9272303.pdf?OpenElement (accessed April 9, 2010).
Western European Union. “Extraordinary Meeting of WEU Council of Ministers on the Situation in Yugoslavia,” (Helsinki, 10 July 1992) http://www.weu.int/documents/920710en.pdf (accessed April 9, 2010).

六、英文報紙與網路資料

“France wants to strip down NATO command,” AFP, 11 May 2010. http://www.spacewar.com/reports/France_wants_to_strip_down_NATO_command_999.html (accessed May 14, 2010).
“Sarkozy marches France back into NATO command,” AFP, 11 March 2009. http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Sarkozy_marches_France_back_into_NATO_command_999.html (accessed May 12, 2010).
Aboville, Benoît de. “NATO needs a makeover,” Guardian, 11 March 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/mar/11/france-nato (accessed May 13, 2010).
Cragg, Anthony. “A new Strategic Concept for a new era,” NATO Review 47, no. 2 (1999): pp.19-22. http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1999/9902-04.htm (accessed March 23, 2010).
Daley, Suzanne. “For First Time, NATO Invokes Joint Defense Pact with U.S.,” New York Times, 13 September 2001. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/13/us/after-attacks-alliance-for-first-time-nato-invokes-joint-defense-pact-with-us.html (accessed March 28, 2010).
Erlanger, Steven. “France Will Take Full NATO Membership Again, With Greater Military Role,” New York Times, 11 March 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/12/world/europe/12france.html?_r=2 (accessed March 10, 2010).
Erlanger, Steven. “Sarkozy Embraces NATO, and Bigger Role of France,” New York Times, 7 March 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/08/world/europe/08nato.html?_r=1 (accessed May 8, 2010).
European Navigator. “Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and France (Dunkirk, 4 March 1947),” http://www.ena.lu/treaty_alliance_mutual_assistance_united_kingdom_france_dunkirk_march_1947-2-3147-1.pdf (accessed March 11, 2010).
Gill, Lucy. “French split over rejoining NATO,” BBC News, 11 March 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7937126.stm (accessed May 12, 2010).
Herpen, Marcel H. Van. “Sarkozy, France and NATO: Will Sarkozy’s Rapprochement to NATO Be Sustainable?” SETA Policy Brief, pp.1-21. http://setavakfi.org/ups/dosya/17212.pdf (accessed May 13, 2010).
Kempe, Frederik. “US, Bonn Clash Over Pact with France,” The Wall Street Journal, 27 May 1992, 9.
Keohane, Daniel. “10 Years After St. Malo,” ISS Analysis (October 2008): pp.1-2. http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/10_yrs_after_St_Malo.pdf (accessed May 14, 2010).
Milner, Laurie. “The Suez Crisis,” BBC – History: British History in-depth, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/suez_01.shtml#six (accessed February 20, 2010).
Moran, Michael. “Military Strategy and NATO Reintegration,” Council on Foreign Relations, 12 March 2009. http://www.cfr.org/publication/16619/ (accessed May 13, 2010).
Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. “Flexible Response,” http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/history/cold-war/strategy/strategy-flexible-response.htm (accessed March 1, 2010).
Pop, Valentina. “Obama, Sarkozy mark France’s full return to NATO,” EU Observer, 3 April 2009. http://euobserver.com/9/27909 (accessed May 14, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1945-1952). “The Yalta Conference, 1945,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/wwii/93273.htm (accessed January 25, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1945-1952). “The Truman Doctrine, 1947,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cwr/82210.htm (accessed January 26, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1945-1952). “North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 1949,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cwr/102468.htm (accessed January 29, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1945-1952). “Marshall Plan, 1948,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cwr/16328.htm (accessed January 26, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1945-1952). “Berlin Crises,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/cwr/17378.htm (accessed January 29, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1953-1960). “The Warsaw Treaty Organization, 1955,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/lw/90304.htm (accessed January 29, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1953-1960). “Suez Crisis, 1956,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/lw/97179.htm (accessed February 20, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1953-1960). “The Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/lw/82548.htm (accessed February 20, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1953-1960). “Dien Bien Phu & the Fall of French Indochina, 1954,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/lw/88114.htm (accessed February 17, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1953-1960). “Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 1954,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/lw/88315.htm (accessed February 18, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1953-1960). “The Berlin Crisis, 1958-1961,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/lw/103638.htm (accessed March 1, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1989-2000). “The Post-Cold War Era,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/pcw/index.htm (accessed March 12, 2010).
U.S. Department of State, Timeline of U.S. Diplomatic History (1989-2000). “2 + 4 talk,” http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/pcw/90304.htm (accessed March 12, 2010).
U.S. Department of State. “Erasing History: Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo,” (May 1999) http://www.state.gov/www/regions/eur/rpt_9905_ethnic_ksvo_1.html (accessed March 28, 2010).
Vinocur, John. “Germany moves to ally U.S. fears on EU defense,” New York Times, 28 October 2003. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/28/news/28iht-nato.html?scp=5&sq=Tervuren&st=cse (accessed on May 8, 2010).

七、法文專書

Chapsal, Jacques et Lancelot, Alain. La vie plitique en France depuis 1940. Paris: PUF, 1979.
Dumoulin, Michel. La Communauté Européenne de Défense: Leçons pour Demain? Bruxelles: PIE Lang, 2000.
Gerbet, Pierre. La Construction de l’Europe. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1999.
Gerbet, Pierre. La Construction de l’Europe. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1983.
Zorgbibe, Charles. Histoire de l’Otan. Bruxelles: Editions Complexe, 2002.

八、法文期刊與專文

Andréani, Gilles. “La France et l’OTAN après la guerre froide,” Politique étrangère 63, no. 1 (1998): pp.77-92.
Andréani, Jacques. “Les relations franco-américaines,” Politique étrangère 60, no.4 (1995): pp.891-902.
Cambadélis, Jean-Christophe. “Nicolas Sarkozy est partout, la France est nulle part,” Revue internationale et stratégique, no. 77 (2010): pp.77-85.
Hoffmann, Stanley. “Dilemmes et Stratégies de la France Dans la Nouvelle Europe (1989-1991),” Politique étrangère 57, no. 4 (1992): pp.879-892.
Howorth, Jolyon. “La France, l’OTAN et la sécurité européenne: statu quo ingérable, renouveau introuvable,” Politique étrangère 67, no. 4 (2002): pp.1001-1016.
Juppé, Alain. “Quel horizon pour la politique étrangère de la France?” Politique étrangère 60, no. 1 (1995): pp.245-259.
Kramer, Steven Philip. ‘‘La Question Française,’’ Politique étrangère 56, no. 4 (1991): pp.959-974.
Le Rider, Jacques. “Un an après l’unification: retour à la normalité de la nation allemand ?” Politique étrangère 56, no. 4 (1991): pp.913-927.
Millon, Charles. “La France et la Rénovation de l’Alliance Atlantique,” Revue de l’OTAN 44, no.3 (1996): pp.23-36.

九、法文官方文件

Portail du Gouvernement. “La France dans l’Otan,” 12 mars 2009. http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/la-france-dans-l-otan (accessed May 14, 2010).
Présidence de la Républic. Défense et Sécurité nationale: Le Livre blanc. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2008.

十、法文報紙與網路資料

“La France gardera une liberté d’appréciation totale,” Le Monde, 18 juin 2008.
“Le Livre blanc sur la défense et la sécurité nationale,” Le Monde, 20 juin 2008. http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/carnet/2008-06-20-Livre-blanc (accessed May 8, 2010).
Fressoz, Françoise. “Le scud d’Alain Juppé contre la politique de défense de Nicolas Sarkozy,” Le Monde, 20 juin 2008. http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=1040866&clef=ARC-TRK-NC_01 (acessed May 11, 2010).
Ministère des Affaires étrangères et européennes. “La France et l’OTAN: La place de la France dans l’Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord,” février 2009. http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/actions-france_830/onu-organisations-internationales_1032/organisations-internationales-europe_1126/otan_1134/france-otan_9044/place-france-dans-otan_19899.html (accessed May 23, 2010).