系統識別號 | U0002-2305201419351400 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2014.00896 |
論文名稱(中文) | 多輸入多輸出超寬頻通訊系統之位元錯誤率研究 |
論文名稱(英文) | The study of bit error rate for multiple input multiple output ultra wideband system |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 電機工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 102 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 103 |
研究生(中文) | 吳青澐 |
研究生(英文) | Ching-Yun Wu |
學號 | 602440017 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 英文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2014-05-28 |
論文頁數 | 75頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
丘建青(chiu@ee.tku.edu.tw)
委員 - 方文賢(whf@mail.ntust.edu.tw) 委員 - 李慶烈(chingliehli1@gmail.com) |
關鍵字(中) |
多天線系統 超寬頻 錯誤率 實數型直交設計 耙式接收機 |
關鍵字(英) |
Multi-antenna system Ultra Wideband Bit Error Rate Real Orthogonal Design RAKE receiver |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
在無線通訊系統中為了追求更高傳輸效能的透過結合和超寬頻(UWB)與多天線系統(MIMO)被賦予很高的期待。而改善相關的通訊品質和降低成本更是近幾年無線個人通訊網路中熱烈討論的議題。超寬頻主要是用在室內環境,但環境產生多路徑效應也影響著它的效能。多路徑效應造成的符際干擾(ISI)容易造成系統的錯誤率以及環境的失效率上升。因此,透過使用實數正交設計(ROD)可以有效的改善超寬頻多天線系統。首先,一個基地台可能在服務範圍內會上千移動通訊的使用者,而比較符合成本效益的做法是擴充基地的設備而不是在使用者端增加設計的成本。再來,使用實數正交設計的計算複雜度低也不需要將接收端的信號回授給傳送端。在這篇論文中,模擬環境透過使用射線彈跳追蹤法結合反複利葉轉換可以求出該環境的脈衝響應。因為模擬的頻譜相當大所對應到的時間解析度很高幾乎只有幾奈秒,我們考慮用耙式接收機(RAKE receiver)增加接收信號強度以抑制多路徑效應。再來,我們分析了超寬頻多天線系統使用不同實數正交設計方法的錯誤率效能。值得一提對於屋頂形狀研究相關研究是相對較少。在這篇論文的最後,我們比較了在使用不同維度的實數正交設計在不同模擬環境下的失效率(定義為錯誤率>10-6)。這個環境包含了常見的屋頂形狀包含平坦型、三角型、圓型、金字塔型以及梯形五種並討論了兩種材質。而我們得到在材質為鐵的平坦型屋頂會有最低的失效率,而這是因為在這個環境會有最嚴重的多路徑效應。 |
英文摘要 |
Ultra wideband (UWB) combined with multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) is expectable for satisfying high data rates in wireless communication. How to improve quality of communication and cost reduction have become hot research issues in wireless personal network. UWB is mainly applied to indoor environments characterized by multipath effect. Due to this effect, the inter-symbol interference that increases the bit error rate (BER) and outage probability of the UWB systems occurred. The application of real orthogonal design (ROD) in UWB-MIMO is beneficial. First, a base station may serves thousands of mobile end users. It seems more economical to add equipment to base stations rather than the mobile end user. Second, the transmitter does not require any feedback from receiver and its low computation complexity. In this thesis, the ray-tracing techniques and inverse fast Fourier transform are employed to get the impulse response of simulated environments. Based on the large bandwidth, the scale of time resolution is approximately several nanoseconds. So we take account of the RAKE receiver to increase received signal strength in order to reduce multipath effect. Then, analyzing the BER performance of the UWB-MIMO system when using ROD schemes with RAKE are briefly discussed.Significantly, fewer results are reported for the case of roof shaper. In this thesis intends to compare the outage probability for proposed scheme in different simulated environments. These five roof shapes including the flat shape roof, the triangular shape roof, the arched shape roof, the pyramid shape roof, and the mansard shape roof are constructed by materials of concrete and iron. As the result, we can conclude that the performance of outage probability with iron flat shape roof is better than the other shape roof with high order RAKE finger. Both for concrete and iron cases, it is found that the strong multipath effect for the flat shape roof is the largest. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.1.1 UWB 1 1.1.2 MIMO 2 1.2 Research Motivation 3 1.3 Chapter Outline 4 CHAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM 5 2.1 Ray-tracing process 5 2.1.1 Channel impulse response in frequency domain 6 2.1.2 Signal analysis using IFFT and Hermitian processing 9 2.2 Orthogonal designs for UWB system 11 2.3 RAKE receiver 13 CHAPTER 3 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BER 15 3.1. Encoding, Decoding and Diversity Combining 15 3.1.1 BER formula with ROD 27 3.1.2 BER formula without ROD 28 3.2 Two-ray reflection model 31 3.3 Summary 37 CHAPTER 4 NUMERICAL RESULT 38 4.1 The simulated environments 38 4.2 Simulation Results and Discussions 45 4.2.1 CASE A 46 4.2.2 CASE B 53 4.2.3 CASE C 60 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS 67 APPENDIX A: TABLE OF MATERIALS 68 REFERENCES 74 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. 1 Benefit of MIMO 2 Figure 2. 1 System block diagram 5 Figure 2. 2 Flow chart of the ray-tracing process 8 Figure 2. 3 Hermitian processing and Inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) 10 Figure 2. 4 Principle of the A-rake 14 Figure 2. 5 Principle of the S-rake 14 Figure 2. 6 Principle of the P-rake 14 Figure 3. 1 System block diagram corresponding to the RAKE finger NF 15 Figure 3. 2 The transmitted signal as a train of pulses 17 Figure 3. 3 System block of UWB-MIMO without ROD 28 Figure 3. 4 A sketch of two-ray reflection model 31 Figure 3. 5 Illustrates how the ISI is incurred by the reflection wave. 32 Figure 3. 6 The antenna received signal in case1 33 Figure 3. 7 The antenna received signal in case5 33 Figure 3. 8 The antenna received signal in case9 34 Figure 3. 9 BER performance comparison for NT=2,NR=2 case 34 Figure 3. 10 BER performance comparison for NT=4,NR=4 case 35 Figure 3. 11 BER performance comparison for NT=8,NR=8 case 35 Figure 3. 12 BER performance comparison at middle reflection distance 36 Figure 3. 13 Comparison BER performance with and without the ROD of size 2 36 Figure 4. 1 The simulated environment (top view) 41 Figure 4. 2 The location of transmitting and receiving points in the simulated environment 42 Figure 4. 3 Types of roof shapes 43 Figure 4. 4 (CaseA) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=1 46 Figure 4. 5 (CaseA) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=2 46 Figure 4. 6 (CaseA) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=3 47 Figure 4. 7 (CaseA) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=4 47 Figure 4. 8 (CaseA) Outage comparison for arched roof 48 Figure 4. 9 (CaseA) Distribution area of bad receiving for arched roof when SNR=64dB 48 Figure 4. 10 (CaseA) Outage comparison for flat roof 49 Figure 4. 11 (CaseA) Distribution area of bad receiving for flat roof when SNR=64dB 49 Figure 4. 12 (CaseA) Outage comparison for mansard roof 50 Figure 4. 13 (CaseA) Distribution area of bad receiving for mansard roof when SNR=64dB 50 Figure 4. 14 (CaseA) Outage comparison for pyramid roof 51 Figure 4. 15 (CaseA) Distribution area of bad receiving for pyramid roof when SNR=64dB 51 Figure 4. 16 (CaseA) Outage comparison for triangular roof 52 Figure 4. 17 (CaseA) Distribution area of bad receiving for triangular roof when SNR=64dB 52 Figure 4. 18 (CaseB) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=1 53 Figure 4. 19 (CaseB) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=2 53 Figure 4. 20 (CaseB) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=3 54 Figure 4. 21 (CaseB) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=4 54 Figure 4. 22 (CaseB) Outage comparison for arched roof 55 Figure 4. 23 (CaseB) Distribution area of bad receiving for arched roof when SNR=66dB 55 Figure 4. 24 (CaseB) Outage comparison for flat roof 56 Figure 4. 25 (CaseB) Distribution area of bad receiving for flat roof when SNR=66dB 56 Figure 4. 26 (CaseB) Outage comparison for mansard roof 57 Figure 4. 27 (CaseB) Distribution area of bad receiving for mansard roof when SNR=66dB 57 Figure 4. 28 (CaseB) Outage comparison for pyramid roof 58 Figure 4. 29 (CaseB) Distribution area of bad receiving for pyramid roof when SNR=66dB 58 Figure 4. 30 (CaseB) Outage comparison for triangular roof 59 Figure 4. 31 (CaseB) Distribution area of bad receiving for triangular roof when SNR=66dB 59 Figure 4. 32 (CaseC) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=1 60 Figure 4. 33 (CaseC) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=2 60 Figure 4. 34 (CaseC) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=3 61 Figure 4. 35 (CaseC) Outage comparison for all roof shapes, NF=4 61 Figure 4. 36 (CaseC) Outage comparison for arched roof 62 Figure 4. 37 (CaseC) Distribution area of bad receiving for arched roof when SNR=68dB 62 Figure 4. 38 (CaseC) Outage comparison for flat roof 63 Figure 4. 39 (CaseC) Distribution area of bad receiving for flat roof when SNR=68dB 63 Figure 4. 40 (CaseC) Outage comparison for mansard roof 64 Figure 4. 41 (CaseC) Distribution area of bad receiving for mansard roof when SNR=68dB 64 Figure 4. 42 (CaseC) Outage comparison for pyramid roof 65 Figure 4. 43 (CaseC) Distribution area of bad receiving for pyramid roof when SNR=68dB 65 Figure 4. 44 (CaseC) Outage comparison for triangular roof 66 Figure 4. 45 (CaseC) Distribution area of bad receiving for triangular roof when SNR=68dB 66 LIST OF TABLES Table 3. 1 The encoding and transmission sequence 16 Table 3. 2 Three positions of antenna array in multi-antenna system 32 Table 4. 1 The power delay profile in all concrete cases 44 Table 4. 2 The power delay profile in all iron cases 44 Table A. 1 Concrete 68 Table A. 2 Cloth Partition 69 Table A. 3 Structure Wood 70 Table A. 4 Iron 71 Table A. 5 Brick 72 Table A. 6 Plywood 73 |
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