本論文研究主要是探討偏鄉長照，探索與創造一個具有經濟自足性的系統，並且提升在地養老生活水平。臺灣在迎接高齡化社會早已從2007年開始，推行長照1.0 至長照2.0 有着幅大的升級，包括增加預算和服務項目，以達到“找得到，看得到，用得到”並且能服務更多人的長照服務。

 	長照政策範圍大多集中在都市，尺度從社區設施到城市基礎設施都考量了友善與長輩使用，都市密集與貫通的涵構方便於老人通行，長照機構成爲一個聚集點，提供空間服務。

 	研究基地選爲三芝，屬於低人口密度高齡化的地區。農業是當地主要產業，由於面臨少子化導致農業減弱，休耕土地逐漸增多，這現象同時也反應在臺灣多數的偏鄉地區。本研究針對了偏鄉的性質，整理出三大部分，成爲長照計劃主要研究對象，並整合串聯關係足以形成自足關係，涵蓋農業，社交與醫療。農業在偏鄉地區扮演著經濟棟梁的角色，在勞動力減少的情況下介入科技支援達到最佳農業盈利，支付當地社交活動和醫療活動的開銷，達到自足的效果。

 	偏鄉主要問題在於分散和斷連的聚落，長照設備需串聯每一戶人口，優化路徑抵達服務目的地。數據系統的應用把基地狀況參數化分析，迅速反應出最佳質詢作於設計判斷。本研究采用數據系統模擬路徑尋找，農地鏈接優化和點位涵蓋範圍分析。本數據系統有望於能讓后研究者使用上成爲基礎指南，也可以進行編改符合基地狀況。

 	研究最後將進一步按照數據分析的判斷進行空間上的設計，在基地每一個有需要的地點以最小的動作應用當地手法增加在地老化長照設備。

Objective of the thesis is to research on elderly care in rural Taiwan, developing a self-sustaining system financially, socially and healthcare. In preparing to enter the period of aging society, Taiwan authority had start Elderly long term care 1.0 since 2007, until today, the program had upgraded to 2.0 version with the expenditure and service coverage increased, served under the guideline of reachable, visible and usable serving wider range of people.

 	Elderly care today mostly been focused in urban areas, scale from community facilities to city infrastructure well equipped with elderly friendly aspect, it fits well under urban context of dense and well connected which makes the system effective. In general, urban elderly care service works as an institution to gather elderly under unify monitoring and care services.

 	The chosen site for research located at Sanzhi, a low density population undergoing aging trend in population. Agriculture is the main activity in Sanzhi, due to decreasing of young workforce resulting agriculture to decline, leaving crop land to fallow, these scenario reflect in most of rural area in Taiwan simultaneously. Research conducted from categorizing three main aspects that interrelated and create a self-sustaining elderly care loop for rural areas, which are Agriculture, Community Social and Healthcare. Agriculture support the main source of income for the community, technology function as replacement of the labor workforce that deteriorate due to aging, maintaining the financial cycle of the system. Profits from agriculture harvest are aim to support the amount of expenditure of community social activity as well and healthcare, self-sustaining the elderly care of the community. 

 	The condition of rural areas which is loose and scattered required an approachable solution in elderly care system, in situation of road stream is limited and unconnected, finding the ideal route is crucial. Data System computerized the environmental condition and performs as optimization tool in environmental analysis. In the thesis research, Data System is used in shortest distance path finding, agriculture land optimization and location coverage radius analysis. These sets of system allow for future alteration according to site condition, and also expect to works as a base reference for future researcher in exploring related field.

 	Result of the analysis further developed into architectural design as spatial solution. The site condition contains wide potential to be treated architecturally with minimum touch, corresponding to community by the community.

Chapter One - Introduction
1.1	– Design Motivation	1
1.1.1	– A preparation to welcome aging society	1
1.1.2	– Demographic changes in cities and rural areas	4
1.1.3	– Responsive to the era of connectivity	6
1.1.4	– Inter-connected medical facilities as a solution for global healthcare	8
1.1.4.1	– Healthcare system in rural areas	8
1.1.4.2	– The evolution of hospital	9
1.1.4.3	– Medical facilities connection from software to hardware	10
1.1.5	– A system network of elderly care	12
1.1.6	– Policies influence in Taiwan agriculture	15
1.1.6.1	– Fallow land policy	15
1.1.6.2	– Agriculture land rental policy	16
1.2	– Related Scope of Study	18
1.2.1	– Social gerontology	18
1.2.1.1	– Baby boomer in Canada	19
1.2.2	– Business and economy of aging society	21
1.2.2.1	– The economy life cycle and the support ratio	23
1.3	– Conclusion	25
1.4	– Design Objectives	28
1.4.1	– To create a self-sustaining rural elderly care system	28 
Chapter Two – Literature Review
2.1	– Introduction	29
2.2	– Long Term Care system back into the community	30
2.2.1	– Challenges in promoting “Aging In Place” 	31
2.2.2	– Financial resources for implementing Long Term Care	32
2.2.3	– Inadequate of man power supply in service provider	33
2.3	– Taiwan Long Term Care 2.0	35
2.3.1	– Aging population estimation in Taiwan	35
2.3.2	– Target and planning strategies	36
2.3.3	– Target audience of implementation	39
2.3.4	– Future planning and improvement for Long Term Care	41
2.4	– System analysis with Agent Based Modelling	42
2.4.1	– Type of agent based modelling engine	43
2.4.1.1	– Netlogo	43
2.4.1.2	– Swarm	44
2.4.1.3	– Rhinoceros and Grasshopper 	44
2.4.2	– Agent Based Model application	45
2.4.2.1	– Schelling model of segregation	45
2.4.2.2	– Cellular automata	49
2.4.2.3	– Decoding Space plugin in Grasshopper	52
2.5	– Conclusion	54
Chapter Three – Site Data Analysis 
3.1	– Introduction	55
3.2	– Geographical terrain	56
3.3	– Weather data	60
3.3.1	– Temperature	51
3.3.2	– Sunshine 	63
3.3.3	– Rain fall	65
3.4	– Annual remarkable calendar	67
3.5	– Industrial 	68
3.5.1	– Agriculture	68
3.5.2	– Production industry	69
3.5.3	– Art enthusiast industry	69
3.6	– Population 	70
3.6.1	– Aging statistic in researched site	70
3.7	– Environment factor that shapes the community lifestyle	74
3.8	– Local healthcare service	77
3.9	– Conclusion	78
Chapter Four – Rural Elderly Care and Self Sustaining System
4.1	– Introduction	80
4.2	– Comparison of urban elderly care system and rural elderly care system	81
4.3	– Elements of rural elderly care system	84
4.3.1	– Agriculture	84
4.3.2	– Community social	87
4.3.3	– Healthcare 	89
4.3.4	– Self-sustaining elderly care system Sankey diagram	90
4.4	– Data system simulation 	85
4.4.1	– Existing site information (Basic drawing)	93
4.4.2	– Path optimization for nearest healthcare facilities	95
4.4.3	– Community center and open spaces connectivity & frequent used pathway	97
4.4.4	– Radius coverage optimization for activities spot	101
4.4.5	– Agriculture land plot optimization	103
4.4.6	– Community drone system	105
4.4.7	– Beekeeping simulation	108
4.5	– Conclusion 	110
Chapter Five – Micro Architecture for community as mediator of simulated model
5.1	– Introduction	111
5.2	– Agriculture	112
5.3	– Community social	118
5.4	– Healthcare 	122
5.5	– Conclusion 	124
Chapter Six – Conclusion
6.1	– Advantages of researched proposal	125
6.2	– Defects of researched proposal for improvement	126
6.3	– Future application and development suggestion	127
Reference	128
Appendix	130


List of Figure
1.1	- Asian elderly care center	2
1.2	- Westerner culture of elderly care	2
1.3	- Elderly workforce in Japan	3
1.4	- life size dolls in Nagoro town, Japan	5
1.5	- Matternet drone first aid	7
1.6	- Haiti bad road condition	8
1.7	- Ancient Maastricht map	9
1.8	- Matternet drone resource supply	11
1.9	- CPR drone and drone ambulance	11
1.10	- SensFloor ® smart floor system	12
1.11	- Hino Poncho and robot shutter driverless shutter bus	13
1.12	- Fallow land in Sanzhi	15
1.13	- New café business in Sanzhi, Xinzhuang village	17
1.14	- Canadian age pyramid 	20
1.15	- World population growth graph	21
1.16	- Philippine and Japan labor income comparison	24
2.1	- Netherland health insurance funding flow chart	32
2.2	- Taiwan population estimation figure	35
2.3	- Community care service system in Taiwan	38
2.4	- Elderly category survey	39
2.5	- Healthcare and elderly care category survey	40
2.6	- Netlogo 	43
2.7	- Swarm 	44
2.8	- Rhino3D and Grasshopper 	45
2.9	- Schelling model of segregation from with threshold from left 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%	47
2.10	- Ethnic residential distribution of Yaffo in 1995	48
2.11	- Segregation pattern of Yaffo population	48
2.12	- Cellular automata diagram of the rule 30	49
2.13	- Pattern diagram in various rules in cellular automata	50
2.14	- Color gradient map of Tianjin City land use analysis	51
2.15	- Decoding Space street network generation analysis in Tanjong Pagar 	52
2.16	- Decoding Space street network generation analysis of three neighborhood in Cape Town	53
3.1	- Ariel view of northern Taiwan and Location plan of northern Taiwan	56
3.2	- Panorama of Sanzhi District from Datun Mountain peak	57
3.3	- Stream system components	58
3.4	- Pattern of Dendritic, Parallel, Trellis, Rectangular, Angular and Contorted	58
3.5	- Temperature and scenario relation graph of Sanzhi district	61
3.6	- Sunshine and scenario relation graph of Sanzhi district	63
3.7	- Rain and scenario relation graph of Sanzhi district	65
3.8	- Remarkable annual event happening in Sanzhi base on community lifestyle and environment	67
3.9	- Terrace rice field in Sanzhi district	68
3.10	- Yacht construction hangar in Sanzhi district	69
3.11	- Street of coffee shops at Qianshuiwan, Sanzhi district	69
3.12	- Taiwan aging population area ranking	70
3.13	- New Taipei city aging population area ranking	71
3.14	- Sanzhi district aging population area ranking, gender count, and age count	72
3.15	- Sanzhi district population pyramid of year 2014, 2025 and 2040	73
3.16	- Healthcare facilities in Sanzhi town	77
4.1	- Diagram of urban elderly care services classification in Taiwan	82
4.2	- Diagram of rural elderly care element in Taiwan	83
4.3	- Rural elderly care system flow	84
4.4	- Food guide pyramid for older adult	85
4.5	- Agriculture production distribution in Sanzhi	86
4.6	- Exercise intensity in routine lifestyle of Sanzhi farmer	88
4.7	- Sankey diagram of self-sustaining elderly care system in rural Sanzhi	92
4.8	- Building and spaces indication plan in Grasshopper	93
4.9	- Residential boundary indication plan in Grasshopper	94
4.10	- Agricultural land boundary indication plan in Grasshopper	94
4.11	- Nearest healthcare facilities path optimization simulation in Grasshopper	96
4.12	- Distance diagram of open spaces and community center in users walkability	97
4.13	- Community center and open spaces connectivity simulation in Grasshopper	99
4.14	- Pathway frequency base on community center and open spaces connection simulation in     Grasshopper	100
4.15	- Elderly walkability diagram base on various conditions	101
4.16	- Activities spot radius coverage optimization simulation in Grasshopper	102
4.17	- Self-sustaining and commercial agriculture land distribution ratio	103
4.18	- Agriculture land plot optimization simulation in Grasshopper	104
4.19	- Community drone system segmentation simulation in Grasshopper	106
4.20	- Agriculture drone control center sharing for small land simulation in Grasshopper	107
4.21	- Beekeeping simulation in Grasshopper	109
5.1	- Indoor aquaponics illustration scene	113
5.2	- Recessed plantation farm illustration scene	114
5.3	- Fish-paddy farm illustration scene	115
5.4	- Drying rack utility illustration scene	116
5.5	- working Gazebo utility illustration scene	117
5.6	- Meal gathering truck illustration scene	119
5.7	- Handicraft truck illustration scene	120
5.8	- Drone control center illustration scene	121
5.9	- Portable clinic truck illustration scene	123

Books reference
1.	Alison J. Heppenstall, Andrew T. Crooks, Linda M. See, Michael Batty, 2012. Agent-Based Models of Geographical System. Springer

2.	Bill Hillier, 2007. Space is the machine. Space Syntax

3.	Zubin Khabazi, 2012. Generative Algorithms. Morphogenesism

4.	Chris Reed & Nina-Marie Lister, 2014. Projective Ecologies. Harvard University Graduate School of Design

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