由產值創造的角度而言，觀光旅遊業無異是全世界最大的服務產業。觀光旅遊產業的發展為觀光旅遊以及休閒業帶來了新的想法、理論以及實務的應用，因而吸引了眾多的研究者以及實務從業人員投入探討，使觀光旅遊等領域的相關議題成為當前的研究趨勢。然而，觀光旅遊產業競爭激烈，如何持續其創新性、刺激性及想像性以維持對顧客的吸引力，成為其存續與否之關鍵。
    持續性競爭優勢的建立有賴於組織的創新，而創新的泉源來自於員工的創意。基此，本研究由個人、跨層次以及團隊等三個不同層次角度探討研究變項間的關係。在個人層次，探討知識分享、領導者-部屬交換與員工心理契約如何影響員工創意; 在跨層次部分，實證多層次模式中團隊知識分享、領導者-部屬交換以及員工創意等變項間之關係；最後，在團隊層次，探討團隊知識分享、團隊創意與團隊創新三者間的關係。
    主題樂園為觀光旅遊產業重要的一環，創意與創新是其生存之關鍵。本研究對象為台灣一個大型的主題樂園，研究資料為43個工作團隊及所屬成員(包含43 位團隊領導者與215位團隊成員)。研究結果顯示，在個人層次，員工透過知識分享能夠增進上司與部屬間的關係品質，進而提升個人創意能力，而此一關係會受到心理契約的調節;在跨層次模式，團隊知識分享能夠增進上司與部屬間的關係品質，進而提升個人創意能力;最後，在團隊層次，分析結果顯示團隊知識分享有助於提升團隊創意，但團隊創意對團隊創新並不具有顯著之相關性。

There is no doubt that tourism industry is the world’s largest service industry in terms of gross revenue. The development of tourism industry has brought new ideas, theory and practical application for tourism, leisure, and hospitality industry and attracted many researchers and practitioners. Therefore, related tourism issues are becoming research trend.
    To build organization’s sustainable competitive advantage depends on organization innovation and the source of innovation is individual’s creativity. Based on this, the present study investigated the relationships among variables from three levels of individual, multi and team. At the individual level, to explore how knowledge sharing, leader-member exchange, and psychological contract affect employee creativity; at the cross-level, to explore the relationships among team knowledge sharing affects leader-member exchange and employee creativity; finally, to explore the relationships among team knowledge sharing, team creativity, and team innovation at the team level. 
Theme park industry is an important part of the tourism industry which needs creativity and innovation to survive. This study use data from 43 team leaders and 215 team members in a theme park in Taiwan, who are engaged in offering creative and innovative customer services.
    The results showed that, at the individual level, employees knowledge sharing enhanced the relationship quality between supervisors and subordinates, which in turn promoted their creativity; In addition, the psychological contract played a moderated role in moderating the mediation relationship among knowledge sharing, leader-member exchange, and employee creativity. At the cross-level, the study found team knowledge sharing enhanced the relationship quality between supervisors and subordinates, which in turn promoted their creativity. Finally, at the team level, the analysis showed that the team knowledge sharing improved team creativity; however, team creativity did not have a significant correlation with team innovation.

CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES	VII
LIST OF TABLES	VIII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION	1
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND	1
1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES	12
1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH 13
1.4 RESEARCH PROCESS 14
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT16
2.1 THE RESEARCH TREND OF CREATIVITY 16
2.2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 20
2.2.1 Conceptual Framework 20
2.2.2 Knowledge Management (KM)	23
2.2.3 Social learning theory 24
2.2.4 Social exchange theory 25
2.3 RESEARCH VARIABLES 26
2.3.1 Knowledge Sharing	26
2.3.2 LMX 27
2.3.3 Employee Creativity 28
2.3.4 Psychological Contract 32
2.3.5 Team Innovation 34
2.4 RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RESEARCH VARIABLES 36
2.4.1 The Relationship between Employee Intention to Share Knowledge (EISK) and Employee Creativity (EC) 36
2.4.2 The Relationship between EISK and LMX 39
2.4.3 The Relationship between LMX and EC 40
2.4.4 The Individual-Level Mediating Effect of LMX 41
2.4.5 The moderation Effect of Psychological Contract (PSC) 43
2.4.6 The Moderated Mediation Effect among EISK, LMX, PSC, and EC 46
2.4.7 The Cross-Level Mediation Effect of LMX 47
2.4.8 Relationship between TISK, Team Creativity (TC) and Team Innovation (TI) 48
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 50
3.1 INTEGRATED RESEARCH MODEL 50
3.2 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES	51
3.3 RESEARCH SETTING, SAMPLE, AND PROCEDURES 52
3.4 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF RESEARCH VARIABLE	56
3.5 RESEARCH VARIABLE MEASURES 57
3.5.1 Individual level variable	58
3.5.1.1 EISK 58
3.5.1.2 LMX 58
3.5.1.3 EC 59
3.5.1.4 PSC 61
3.5.2 Team level variable: TI 61
3.5.3 Control variable 62
3.6 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD 62
3.6.1 Descriptive Statistic Analysis 62
3.6.2 Validity, Reliability and CMV measurements 63
3.6.3 SPSS PROCESS 63
3.6.4 Variance Component Analysis 65
3.6.5 Hierarchical Linear Modeling Analysis 66
CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH RESULTS 67
4.1 RESEARCH VARIABLE DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS 67
4.2 VALIDITY, RELIABILITY AND CMV ANALYSIS 69
4.3 LEVEL OF ANALYSIS 74
4.3.1 Individual- Level Analysis 75
4.3.1.1	Tests of Simple Mediation 75
4.3.1.2 Tests of Moderation and the Moderated Mediation Effect 77
4.3.2 Cross-Level Analysis 79
4.3.2.1 Testing the Existence of a Multilevel Structure 80
4.3.2.2 Testing the Cross-Level Mediating Effect 81
4.3.3 Team-Level Analysis 84
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 85
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 89
6.1 PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS 89
6.2 LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 94
REFERENCES 96
APPENDIX SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE 129

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1 INBOUND VISITORS IN TAIWAN FROM 2006 TO 2016	2
FIGURE 1.2 NUMBER OF THE INBOUND VISITORS VISITED THEME PARK (2011~2016) 3
FIGURE 1.3 RESEARCH PROCESS OF THIS STUDY 15
FIGURE 2.1 THE TREND OF CREATIVITY ARTICLES BY YEARS (2003-2017) 19
FIGURE 2.2 CREATIVITY KEYWORDS TRENDS (2003-2017) 19
FIGURE 2.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK	23
FIGURE 3.1 THEORETICAL MULTI-LEVEL RESEARCH MODEL 51
FIGURE 4. 1 MODERATED EFFECT OF PSC ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LMX AND EC 79

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1.1 TOP 10 ACTIVITIES THE INBOUND VISITORS PARTICIPATED IN TAIWAN (2011~2016) UNIT: PERSONS PER HUNDRED	2
TABLE 1.2 TOP 10 PLACES R.O.C. CITIZENS’ DOMESTIC TOURIST TRAVEL (2011~2016) 3
TABLE 1.3 GLOBAL THEME PARKS AND AMUSEMENT PARKS MARKETS	5
TABLE 1.4 THE GROWTH OF GLOBAL THEME PARK MARKET (2003~2012) 7
TABLE 2.1 THE DEFINITION OF CREATIVITY 30
TABLE 2.2 THE LEVEL OF CREATIVITY (2004-2016) 31
TABLE 2.3 KNOWLEDGE’S INFLUENCE ON CREATIVITY 38
TABLE 3.1 THE OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF RESEARCH VARIABLE	56
TABLE 4.1 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF QUESTIONNAIRE ITEMS OF RESEARCH VARIABLES 68
TABLE 4.2 MEASUREMENT MODEL 71
TABLE 4.3 THE FIT INDICES OF RESEARCH VARIABLES	72
TABLE 4.4 MEANS, STANDARD DEVIATIONS, AND CORRELATIONS 73
TABLE 4.5 TOTAL, DIRECT, AND INDIRECT STATISTICAL EFFECTS OF EC 76
TABLE 4.6 REGRESSION RESULTS FOR MODERATION MODEL 78
TABLE 4.7 REGRESSION RESULTS FOR MODERATED MEDIATION MODEL 78
TABLE 4.8 RESULTS BY MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS 82
TABLE 4.9 RANDOM COEFFICIENT REGRESSION MODEL 83
TABLE 4.10 THE RESULTS OF DEVIANCE TEST 84
TABLE 4.11 THE RESULT OF SIMPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS 85
TABLE 5.1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR HYPOTHESES TESTING 86

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