系統識別號 | U0002-2201201315360100 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2013.00841 |
論文名稱(中文) | 輸入電壓低於1V之無輸出電容數位式低壓降線性穩壓器 |
論文名稱(英文) | A Sub-1V 0.18um Output-Capacitor-Free Digitally Controlled LDO |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 電機工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 101 |
學期 | 1 |
出版年 | 102 |
研究生(中文) | 張翔雄 |
研究生(英文) | Hsiang-Hsiung Chang |
學號 | 699450010 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2013-01-07 |
論文頁數 | 74頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
楊維斌
委員 - 羅有龍 委員 - 楊維斌 委員 - 施鴻源 |
關鍵字(中) |
低壓降線性穩壓器 輸入電壓低於1V 無輸出電容 |
關鍵字(英) |
Digita LDO Low Power Sub -1V |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
本論文在基於低功率消耗的概念下,降低輸入電壓變為首要工作。在0.18um製程下,輸入電壓為1.8V為基本,如何降低到1V以下系統還能正常運作便是研究中的一個重要議題。低壓降線性穩壓器運用於提供穩定電壓,輸出電壓的精準度極為重要,線性調節率與負載調節率便為精準度的參考指標。 因此,整體電路可分為三部分,第一部分為利用漸進式移位暫存控制器產生數位訊號來開啟功率電晶體以達到輸出電壓,第二部分便以移位暫存器來細微調整輸出電壓的大小,以求精準度,第三部分為比較器。在負載電流的限制下,功率電晶體的大小便為重要,在此利用8 bit的移位暫存控制器來驅使足夠大的電晶體以求達到理想的輸出電壓,由於此時輸出電壓僅為接近輸出電壓,並未達到極為準確,因此加入80級的移位暫存器來控制尺寸極小的功率電晶體,此微調範圍可包含於TT、FF、SS三種製程,使得規格都有符合預期之規格。 透過上述的電路設計加以模擬驗證可得到一輸入電壓低於1V之無輸出電容數位式低壓降線性穩壓器,輸入電壓為0.7V,輸出電壓為0.5V。最大負載電流為20mA,與精準度有關的負載調節率可達到0.1mV/mA,而靜態電流卻僅為2.5uA。 |
英文摘要 |
In this thesis, the concept based on low power consumption, and reducing the input voltage is become the top priority. In 0.18um process, the input voltage of 1.8V to basic, how to reduce to less 1V is an important topic in the study of normal operation. Low dropout regulator should be applied to provide a stable voltage, and the accuracy of output voltage is extremely important. So the line regulation and the load regulation will be the accuracy of the reference indicators. Therefore, the overall circuit can be divided into three parts. The first part is using SAR_Control digital signal to turn on the power transistor for achieving the output voltage. The second part is using shift register to fine tuning output voltage in order to accuracy. The third part is comparator. The size of power transistor will be important because the limit of the load current. Using 8 bit SAR_Control to drive transistor large enough for achieving the desired output voltage. The output voltage only close to the desired voltage, and it does not meet the extremely accurate. So adding 80 bit shift register to control the small size power transistor. The fine tuning range can be included in the TT,FF,SS, three kind of process, and can be meet the expected specifications. Though the above mentioned circuit design and simulation can be obtained a sub-1V Output-Capacitor-Free Digitally Controlled LDO. The input voltage is 0.7V, and output voltage is 0.5V. When the heavy load current is 20mA, the line regulation is 0.1mV / mA, and the quiescent is only 2.5uA. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
目錄 中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 內文目錄 V 圖表目錄 VII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 設計流程 2 1.3 論文架構 4 第二章 低壓降線性穩壓器 5 2.1低壓降線性穩壓器概論 5 2.2低壓降線性穩壓器之特性參數 7 2.2.1輸出電壓差 7 2.2.2靜態電流 8 2.2.3線性調節率 9 2.2.4負載調節率 10 2.2.5電源效率 12 2.2.6輸出準確率 12 2.3穩定性分析 14 2.3.1暫態響應 19 2.3.2頻率響應 21 2.4文獻回顧與探討 25 2.4.1具超級源極隨耦器之低壓降線性穩壓器 25 2.4.2無輸出電容應用於SoC之低壓降線性穩壓器 26 2.4.3具高效率低靜態電流之數位式低壓降線性穩壓器 27 2.4.4具PLL調整、快速DVS電源管理之數位式低壓降線性穩壓器 28 第三章 可調式輸出電壓之低壓降線性穩壓器設計 30 3.1低壓降線性穩壓器設計 30 3.1.1漸進式移位暫存控制器 31 3.1.2移位暫存器 33 3.1.3反相器 37 3.1.4 PMOS電源陣列 38 3.2電路模擬與佈局 39 3.3量測考量與結果 66 第四章 結論 71 4.1結論與未來展望 71 參考文獻 72 圖目錄 圖1.1晶片設計流程圖 3 圖2.1傳統低壓降線性穩壓器之電路圖 5 圖2.2低壓降線性穩壓器之輸出/入電壓曲線圖 8 圖2.3靜態電流示意圖 9 圖2.4低壓降線性穩壓器之線性調節率示意圖 10 圖2.5低壓降線性穩壓器負載調節率示意圖 11 圖2.6輸出電壓誤差示意圖 12 圖2.7誤差放大器偏移示意圖 14 圖2.8電阻值誤差示意圖 14 圖2.9 PMOS功率電晶體的低壓降線性穩壓器 16 圖2.10 NMOS功率電晶體的低壓降線性穩壓器 16 圖2.11應用於SoC內的補償方式 17 圖2.12利用DFC電路調整相位邊限 18 圖2.13低壓降線性穩壓器及其輸出電容與負載電流 19 圖2.14低壓降線性穩壓器輸出電壓對負載電流之反應圖 19 圖2.15低壓降線性穩壓器之交流分析等效模型 21 圖2.16等效串聯電阻過大與過小的情況 23 圖2.17輕、重載與ESR補償 24 圖2.18低靜態電流超級源極隨耦器之LDO電路 25 圖2.19無輸出電容應用於SoC之LDO電路 26 圖2.20具高效率低靜態電流之數位式低壓降線性穩壓器 27 圖2.21具有PLL調整、快速DVS電源管理之架構圖 28 圖3.1無輸出電容之數位式低壓降線性穩壓器 30 圖3.2八位元的漸進式移位暫存控制器電路圖 31 圖3.3第k個多輸入移位暫存器與真值表 32 圖3.4解碼器與多工器電路圖 32 圖3.5 3-bit二元搜尋演算法流程圖 33 圖3.6右移暫存器 34 圖3.7四位元串列輸入、串列輸出移位暫存器 35 圖3.8四位元並列輸入、並列輸出移位暫存器 35 圖3.9八十位元串列輸入、並列輸出移位暫存器 36 圖3.10雙向移位暫存器的操作原理 36 圖3.11反相器 37 圖3.12反相器的特性曲線 38 圖3.13無輸出電容之數位式低壓降線性穩壓器 39 圖3.14輸出電壓穩定圖_重載 40 圖3.15輸出電壓穩定圖_輕載 42 圖3.16輸出電壓穩定圖_重載 43 圖3.17輸出電壓穩定圖_輕載 45 圖3.18線性調節率模擬圖_重載 46 圖3.19線性調節率模擬圖_輕載 48 圖3.20線性調節率模擬圖_重載 49 圖3.21線性調節率模擬圖_輕載 51 圖3.22負載調節率模擬圖_輸入電壓為0.7V 52 圖3.23負載調節率模擬圖_輸入電壓為0.9V 54 圖3.24電路佈局圖 56 圖3.25電路佈局示意圖 57 圖3.26 post-layout simulation輸出電壓穩定圖_重載 58 圖3.27 post-layout simulation輸出電壓穩定圖_輕載 59 圖3.28 post-layout simulation線性調節率模擬圖_重載 61 圖3.29 post-layout simulation線性調節率模擬圖_輕載 62 圖3.30 post-layout simulation負載調節率模擬圖 64 圖3.31量測儀器示意圖 66 圖3.32 Bonding wire之模型 66 圖3.33重載量測圖(負載電流為20mA) 67 圖3.34輕載量測圖(負載電流為1mA) 67 圖3.35重載量測圖(負載電流25mA) 68 圖3.36重載量測圖(負載電流70mA) 69 圖3.37輕載量測圖(負載電流1mA) 69 圖3.38重載量測圖(負載電流85mA) 70 表目錄 表1.1線性穩壓器與切換式穩壓器之特性 2 表2.1 NMOS與PMOS 功率電晶體低壓降線性穩壓器的比較 15 表2.2文獻比較表 29 表3.1預計規格表 40 表3.2 pre-layout simulation results 55 表3.3 pre-sim.與post-sim.比較結果 65 |
參考文獻 |
參考文獻 (References) [1] Yat-Hei Lam and Wing-Hung Ki, “A 0.9V 0.35um Adaptively Biased CMOS LDO Regulator with Fast Transient Response,” IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp. 442–626, Feb. 2008. [2] Chunlei Shi, B. C. Walker, E. Zeisel, B. Hu and G. H. McAllister, “A Highly Integrated Power Management IC for Advanced Mobile Applications,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1723–1731, Aug. 2007. [3] 曾南雄, “無外部電容的CMOS低壓差線性穩壓器, ” NCTU碩士論文, Jan. 2007. [4] Sao-Hung Lu, Wei-Jen Huang and Shen-Iuan Liu, “A Fast-Recovery Low Dropout Linear Regulator for Any-Type Output Capacitors,” IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp. 497–500, Nov. 2005. [5] P.K.T. Mok, Ka Nang Leung, “A capacitor-free CMOS low-dropout regulator with damping-factor-control frequency compensation,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no.10, pp. 1691–1702, Oct. 2003. [6] C. K.Chava and J. Silva-Martinez, “A Frequency Compensation Scheme for LDO Voltage Regulators,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 51, no.6, pp. 1041–1050, Jun. 2004. [7] John Hu, Brian Hu, Yanli Fan, and Mohammed Ismail, “A 500 nA Quiescent, 100 mA Maximum Load CMOS Low-dropout Regulator,” IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), Dec. 2011, pp.386-389. [8] S. S. Chong and P. K. Chan, “A Quiescent Power-Aware Low-Voltage Output Capacitorless Low Dropout Regulator for SoC Applications,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), May. 2011, pp.37-40. [9] Yasuyuki Okuma, Koichi Ishida, Yoshikatsu Ryu1, Xin Zhang, Po-Hung Chen, Kazunori Watanabe, Makoto Takamiya, and Takayasu Sakurai, “0.5-V Input Digital LDO with 98.7% Current Efficiency and 2.7-μA Quiescent Current in 65nm CMOS,” IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), 2010, Sept. pp.1-4. [10] Yu-Huei Lee, Shen-Yu Peng, Alex Chun-Hsien Wu, Chao-Chang Chiu, Yao-Yi Yang, Ming-Hsin Huang, Ke-Horng Chen, Ying-Hsi Lin, Shih-Wei Wang, Ching-Yuan Yeh, Chen-Chih Huang, Chao-Cheng Lee, “A 50nA Quiescent Current Asynchronous Digital-LDO with PLL-Modulated Fast-DVS Power Management in 40nm CMOS for 5.6 times MIPS Performance,” IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuit (VLSIC), 2012, Jun. pp.178-179. [11] Poki Chen, Chun-Chi Chen, Yu-Han Peng, Kai-Ming Wang, Yu-Shin Wang, “A Time-Domain SAR Smart Temperature SensorWith Curvature Compensation and a 3sigma Inaccuracy of -0.4°C -+0.6°C Over a 0°C to 90°C Range,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 600-609, Mar. 2010. [12] 顏培仁、周靜娟、呂明峰、陳啟文譯。數位邏輯設計。台灣 : 滄海圖書,2010. [13] 黃志揚, “低壓降線性穩壓器頻率補償之改善方法, ” NTHU碩士論文, Jun. 2004. [14] P. Hazucha, S. T. Moon, G. Schrom, F. Paillet, D. Gardner, S. Rajapandian, and T. Karnik, “High voltage tolerant linear regulator with fast digital control for biasing of integrated DC-DC converters,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 66–73, Jan. 2007. [15] Y.-S. Hwang, M.-S. Lin, B.-H. Hwang and J.-J. Chen, “A 0.35μm CMOS sub-1V low-quiescent-current low-dropout regulator,” in Proc. IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conf., Nov. 2008, pp. 153–156. [16] J.-J. Chen, M.-S. Lin, H.-C. Lin and Y.-S. Hwang, “Sub-1V capacitor-free low-power-consumption LDO with digital controlled loop,” in IEEE Proc. Asia Pacific Conf. on Circuits and Systems, Nov.2008, pp. 526–529. [17] Jackum, T. Maderbacher, G. Pribyl, W. Riederer and R., “A digitally controlled linear voltage regulator in a 65nm CMOS process,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems, Dec. 2010, pp. 982–985. [18] Y.-C. Chu, L.-R Chang-Chien and D. Czarkowski, “Novel digitally controlled low-drop-out voltage regulator,” IEICE Electron. Express, Vol. 8, No. 15, pp. 1252-1259, 2011. [19] W.-C. Hsieh and W. Hwang, “All digital linear voltage regulator for super- to near-threshold operation,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 989-1001, 2012. |
論文全文使用權限 |
如有問題,歡迎洽詢!
圖書館數位資訊組 (02)2621-5656 轉 2487 或 來信