目前歐洲聯盟(European Union)為世界上推動發展援助的主要單位之一。根據2004年統計，歐盟所提供的援助金額占全球官方發展援助(Official Development Assistance, ODA)總量的百分之52 。而到2006年，歐盟和內部會員國所共同提供的援助金額高達四百七十億歐元，約占整體國民總收入(Cross national icome, GNI)的百分之0.42 。每一位歐洲公民平均皆須負擔100歐元的援助金額，其平均值遠高於其他援助單位(如美國公民約為一位公民負擔53歐元之援助金額；日本則約為一位公民負擔69歐元)。目前僅有丹麥、盧森堡、荷蘭、瑞典等四個歐洲國家達到(甚至超過)聯合國(UN)所設定需抵達國民總收入的百分之0.7 援助之目標金額。

    過去，歐體的發展援助政策一直是附屬於對外經貿領域之下，主掌財政和技術方面的援助。一直到1992年的《馬斯垂克條約》通過後，歐盟才將發展援助事務獨立於條約的新一章，顯示歐盟對於發展援助的重視程度日益見增。而在2000年之後，聯合國公佈了《千禧年發展目標》並成為世界各國推動援助事務時的主要依據。而伴隨其後的《蒙特瑞國際金融發展會議》以及《巴黎援助成效宣言》皆表示國際社會推動《千禧年計畫發展目標》之決心。歐洲聯盟也順應這股國際潮流，與會員國一同通過《歐洲發展共識》，象徵歐盟持續地改善本身的發展援助政策，進一步達成削減開發中國家貧窮現況的宗旨。本文擬透過複合式互賴理論，分析歐洲聯盟援助政策的形成背景、現行工具以及未來的發展趨勢。

In recent years, European union is the biggest provider of development aid instrument in the world. According to the analysis about world’s ODA total volume, EU has provided more than 52 percentage volume in 2004.On the other hand, each european citizen need afford to pay 100 European dollar to support European union development aid policy. For the time, only four european countries, includes Denmark, Netherland, Luxembourg, Sweden, has already reach the standard of Unites Nation, the volume of aid’money has to reach the target about 0.7% Cross national icome.

  In the pass time, European union development aid policy was putted under the external commercial system, particularly in the financial and technological part. Until to the 1992 year, after European union declared her new treaty, the Maastricht treaty. In this new treaty, EU established a new chapter in order to generalize the development aid policy and drawn a goal of policy. Since 2000 year, The Unite nation has declared the Millennium development goals, this document become a integral stone to build country’s development aid policy. In order to respond this international tide, EU also pass through the European consensus on development to improve her development aid policy, and is devoted to arrival the goal of reducing poor phenomenon.

目次

第一章 緒論1
第一節 研究動機與研究目的1
第二節 研究方法與研究架構3
第三節 資料來源與重要文獻評估9
第四節 研究範圍與研究限制11
第二章 歐盟對非加太地區援助之歷史沿革21
第一節 羅馬條約21
第二節 雅溫德協定23
第三節 洛梅協定25
第四節 科多努協定30
第三章 援助政策內涵的演變過程35
第一節 國際趨勢的引導35
  一、千禧年發展目標35
  二、蒙特瑞國際金融發展會議37
  三、巴黎援助成效宣言40
第二節 歐盟內部政策的回應42
  一、發展政策宣言42
  二、歐洲發展共識48
第三節、實體援助之作為53
  一、睦鄰政策53
  二、入盟前援助工具55
  三、官方發展援助57
  四、歐洲發展基金60
第四章 援助政策之制度面67
第一節 主要機構67
  一、非加太地區67
  二、歐盟內部70
  (一)、發展總署70
  (二)、歐洲援助合作辦公室71
  (三)、歐盟人道援助總署73
第二節 歐盟與會員國間的互動74
  一、主要權限劃分74
  二、會員國的援助概況78
第三節 里斯本條約後的轉變83
第五章 理論運用─以複合式互賴理論分析歐盟發展援助政策87
第一節 社會之間多渠道聯繫87
第二節 外交目標不再有層級之分99
第三節 柔性力量之對外宣傳與規範107
第六章 結論109
參考文獻115

圖目次

圖1-1 研究架構圖8
圖1-2 對外關係援助的互動圖17
圖3-1 2000-2010年歐盟與非歐洲國家之援助量38
圖3-2援助金字塔42
圖4-1 2008年歐盟會員國占整體援助金額之百分比82

表目次

表1-1撒哈拉沙漠以南之非洲地區14
表1-2加勒比海地區15
表1-3太平洋地區16
表1-4水與衝突之分類20
表2-1六屆歐洲發展基金的援助金額27
表2-2第一屆到第三屆洛梅協定的財政援助細節28
表2-3「經濟夥伴協定」的協商流程33
表3-1聯合國千禧年發展目標37
表3-2歐盟提供給中、東歐以及巴爾幹半島地區候選國之援助工具57
表3-3 ODA援助之開發中國家名單(2008年至2010年有效)60
表3-4歐洲與非加太國家的夥伴協定61
表3-5歐盟成員國在歐洲發展基金委員會內的表決票數63
表3-6第十屆歐洲發展基金的各國資金分配表65
表4-1非加太地區的主要機構69
表4-2歐洲共同體的在發展事務內之職權角色77
表4-3 2005-2008年ODC之官方發展援助金額81
表5-1水資源管理之行動建議架構91
表5-2整合性水資源管理之主要規章與落實方法98
表5-3歐盟對外援助目標之演變107

參考文獻

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四、英文期刊
Toje Asle (2005), “The 2003 european union security strategy: A critical appraisal,” European foreign affairs review, Vol. 10, pp. 117-134.
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五、網路資源
(一)網路專文
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(二)、官方文獻
”Where does the eu go from Doha” COM(2009)160 final.
”European development consensus” OJ 2006 C46/24.
“Governance and development” COM(2003) 615final.
“EU code of conduct on division of labour in development policy” COM(2007)72 Final.
OJ 2008 S407/08
OJ 2005 L14850/05
OJ 2009 L14930/09
OJ 2010 L8029/10
OJ 2010 L8967/10(Presse 89)
OJ 2010 L8029/10
洛梅協定(The Lom&eacute; Convention)
科多努協定(the contonou agreement)
里斯本條約(The treaty of lisbon)