薄膜蒸餾乃是一種海水淡化技術，用以製造純水，來供應民生與工業用水。而太陽能則是屬於無污染且無虞匱乏的潔淨能源，是目前世界各國的發展重點。本研究即是結合薄膜蒸餾與太陽能源的特點，設計一太陽能平板型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統，此系統的特色乃是藉由吸收板收集太陽光通量並加熱工作流體，提升冷熱流體的溫度差，以提高薄膜蒸發的效率和純水產率。
    本研究分別針對傳統氣隔式薄膜蒸發與新型太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統做理論模式建立，並根據不同之操作條件與設計參數作體下討論：(一) 流體進口溫度、(二)流體體積流量、(三)氣隔層之厚度、(四)太陽光之入射量等對蒸發液量之影響，並與傳統氣隔式薄膜比較。研究結果顯示，在熱流體溫度較低和流量較小時，蒸發液增加效率較高，在氣隔層厚度越薄時，純水產率較大，且入射量對增加效果也較好，當氣隔層厚度在2.5mm 時，氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統之熱效率最好。

A new design of the solar air gap membrane distillation (Solar AGMD) system is investigated theoretically and experimentally.  The theoretical formulations are also developed and the resultant equations are solved by the Newton-Raphson method.  The effects of the fluid inlet temperature, volumetric flow rate, air gap thickness and incident solar radiation on the heat transfer efficiency and the productivity of pure water are discussed in this study.  The theoretical results indicate that the pure water productivity increases with increasing the inlet temperature of hot fluid, volumetric flow rate and incident solar radiation.  Moreover, the best thermal efficiency of the solar AGMD system was obtained as the air gap thickness is 2.5 mm.  A comparison of the traditional air gap membrane distillation system (AGMD) and the new solar AGMD system on the pure water productivity are also made.  The results show that the solar AGMD system does the better performance than the traditional AGMD system.  The experiments of the AGMD and solar AGMD systems are set up to confirm the accuracy of the theoretical predictions.  The good agreement is achieved between the theoretical results and the experimental runs in the present study.

目錄

中文摘要		I
英文摘要    		II                   
目錄		III
圖目錄		V
表目錄		VIII
第一章 緒論	1
1-1引言	1
1-2 簡介	3
1-2-1 太陽熱能應用	3
1-2-2 海水淡化	6
1-3 研究動機與方向	9
第二章 文獻回顧	10
第三章 理論分析	12
3-1 太陽能薄膜蒸發之簡介	12
3-2 理論模式建立	14
3-2-1 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統	14
3-2-2 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統	20
3-3 熱質傳係數與物理性質	25
3-4 熱效率與蒸濾液增加效率	30
3-5 數值計算流程	31
第四章 實驗	32
4-1 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發器實驗	32
4-1-1 實驗裝置與測量儀器	32
4-1-2 實驗步驟	39
4-2 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發器實驗	40
4-2-1 實驗裝置與測量儀器	40
4-2-2 實驗步驟	46
4-3 實驗操作參數與設計參數	47
第五章 結果與討論	48
5-1熱物流體積流量與溫度對純水產率之影響	48
5-2冷物流體積流量與溫度對純水產率之影響	59
5-3空氣間隔之層厚度對純水產率之影響	67
5-4入射量對純水產率之影響	73
5-5傾斜角度對純水產率之影響	77
5-6空氣層厚度對熱效率之影響	78
5-7操作參數對質傳係數之影響	80
第六章 結論	87
6-1 結論	87
6-2 未來研究方向	88
符號說明	89
參考文獻	94
附錄(一)	98
附錄(二)	100

 
圖目錄
圖1 太陽能應用之範圍	5
圖2 海水淡化技術	8
圖3 薄膜蒸餾系統分類	8
圖4 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統	13
圖5 單效薄膜蒸發器通量流向圖	15
圖6 薄膜與氣隔層質傳電阻圖	18
圖7 冷凝板與冷流體熱電阻圖	19
圖8 吸收板與熱流體熱電阻圖	21
圖9 單效太陽能薄膜蒸發器通量流向圖	22
圖10 薄膜內部質傳阻力圖	28
圖11 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發器實驗配置圖	33
圖12 傳統型薄膜蒸發裝置分解圖	34
圖13 鋁板渠道流動圖	34
圖14 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發實驗裝置照	35
圖15 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發實驗分解裝置照	36
圖16 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發器實驗配置圖	41
圖17 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發裝置分解圖	42
圖18 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發實驗裝置照	43
圖19 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發實驗裝置分解照	44
圖20 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統熱物流體積流量與溫度對純水
產率之影響; Vf=0.9 L/min,Tf,i=298 K	54
圖21 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統熱物流體積流量與溫度對純水
產率之影響;S0 =830 W/m2, Vf=0.9 L/min,Tf,i=298 K	55
圖22 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統熱物流體積流量與溫度對純水
產率之影響; S0 =1100 W/m2, Vf=0.9 L/min,Tf,i=298 K	56
圖23 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統熱物流體積流量與溫度對蒸發
液增加率之影響;S0 =830 W/m2, Vf=0.9 L/min,Tf,i=298 K	57
圖24 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統熱物流體積流量與溫度對蒸發
液增加率之影響;S0 =1100 W/m2, Vf=0.9 L/min,Tf,i=298 K	58
圖25 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統冷物流體積流量與溫度對純水
產率之影響;Vw=0.9 L/min,Tw,i=323 K	64
圖26 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統冷物流體積流量與溫度對純水
產率之影響;S0=830 W/m2,Vw=0.9 L/min,Tw,i=323 K	65
圖27 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統冷物流體積流量與溫度對純水
產率之影響;S0=1100 W/m2,Vw=0.9 L/min,Tw,i=323 K	66
圖28 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統空氣層厚度對純水產率之影響; 
Vw =Vf=0.9 L/min,Tf,i=298 K	71
圖29 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統空氣層厚度對純水產率之影響; 
S0 =830 W/m2, Vw =Vf=0.9 L/min,Tf,i=298 K	72
圖30 入射量對純水產率之影;Vw =Vf=0.9 L/min,Tw,i=323 K,
Tf,i=298 K	76
圖31 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統傾斜角度對純水產率之影響; S0=830 W/m2, Vw =Vf=0.9 L/min,Tw,i=323 K,Tf,i=298 K	77
圖32 氣隔層厚度對純水產率之影響;S0=830 W/m2, Vw =Vf=0.9 L/min,Tw,i=323 K,Tf,i=298 K	79
圖33 氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統氣隔層厚度與入射量對薄膜質傳係數
之影響;Vw =Vf=0.9 L/min,Tw,i=323 K,Tf,i=298 K	81
圖34 氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統氣隔層厚度與入射量對氣隔層質傳係
數之影;Vw =Vf=0.9 L/min,Tw,i=323 K,Tf,i=298 K	82
圖35 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統熱物流進口溫度與體積流量對
薄膜質傳係數之影響;S0=830W/m2,Vf= 0.9L/min,Tf,i= 298K	83
圖36 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統熱物流進口溫度與體積流量對
氣隔層質傳係數之影響;S0=830W/m2,Vf=0.9L/min,Tf,i=298K	84
圖37 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統冷物流進口溫度與體積流量對
薄膜質傳係數之影響;S0=830W/m2,Vw= 0.9L/min,Tw,i=323K	85
圖38 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統冷物流進口溫度與體積流量對
氣隔層質傳係數之影響;S0=830W/m2,Vw=0.9L/min,Tw,i=323K	86
圖39 氯化鈉溶液密度對溫度之趨勢	99
圖40 數值計算流程圖	100
 
表目錄
表1 通道設計參數與最大傾斜角	25
表2 薄膜性質	37
表3 實驗系統之操作變數與設計參數	47
表4 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變熱物流體積流量與進口溫
度之純水產率實驗紀錄表	50
表5 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變熱物流體積流量與進口溫
度之純水產率實驗紀錄表; S0=830 W/m2	51
表6 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變熱物流體積流量與溫度之
純水產率實驗誤差表	52
表7 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變熱物流體積流量與溫度之
純水產率實驗誤差表; S0 =830 W/m2	53
表8 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變冷物流體積流量與進口溫
度之純水產率實驗紀錄表	60
表9 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變冷物流體積流量與進口溫
度之純水產率實驗紀錄表; S0=830 W/m2	61
表10 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變冷物流體積流量與溫度之
純水產率實驗誤差表	62
表11 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變冷物流體積流量與溫度之
純水產率實驗誤差表; S0=830 W/m2	63
表12 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變氣隔層厚度之純水產率實
驗紀錄表	68
表13 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變氣隔層厚度之純水產率實
驗紀錄表; S0=830 W/m2	69
表14 傳統型氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變氣隔層厚度之純水產率實
驗誤差表	70
表15 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變氣隔層厚度之純水產率實
驗誤差表; S0=830 W/m2	70
表16 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變入射量與熱物流體積流量
之純水產率實驗紀錄表	74
表17 太陽能氣隔式薄膜蒸發系統改變入射量強度之純水產率實
驗誤差	75
表18 氯化鈉溶液密度	98

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