本篇論文試圖檢視冷戰時期從杜魯門總統至艾森豪總統的美國對蘇聯政策。自進核武時代起，美蘇便急欲取得優於對方之優勢，美國於杜魯門總統任內在1940年代後期開始建立其核武打擊力量，並且於1950年代艾森豪總統任內急速擴展其核武力量之規模。核武嚇阻為對蘇聯政策中重要環節，其用以應對蘇聯所引起的威脅，同時更是美蘇之間為生存進而競爭的主軸。

    杜魯門與艾森豪政府對於核子武器運用之態度，皆深深受到核武嚇阻的影響。利用科學技術製造核武以作為嚇阻於冷戰時常被是為因應奇襲的防禦機制。然而軍事部份亦以此科技發展軍事力量，使美國得於強權間影響權力平衡之狀態。從政治上來看，美國將此核武優勢作為一個強而有力的政治商議籌碼，經濟上亦顯示其國家之經濟力量的象徵。嚇阻理論為主要運用分析理論，另外加入結構理論與體系理論配合嚇阻理論以分析杜魯門政府的圍堵政策。在分析艾森豪政府的新觀點政策時，亦加入攻勢理論與地緣論配合嚇阻理論以輔助分析其內容。
  
    經過上述所有理論分析，嚇阻理論仍為是各運用之理論中最可接受且合乎運用，從圍堵政策到新觀點政策，美國形塑其行為模式去影響世界政治趨勢更往美國所希望的方向行進，同時美國更要以此方式藉由圍堵政策至新觀點政策的實現，以對抗蘇聯從各個如軍事、政治與經濟至意識型態，國家士氣與社會體制等等層次所引起對美國的挑戰。杜魯門政府與艾森豪政府之間最重要的相異點，便是取得國際事務與危機的主動權。隨著核武科技精進發展的同時，美蘇兩強無法結束冷戰的困境，便將此科技主要運用到軍事力量之上，再者世界危機也將美蘇推往瀕臨爆發戰爭衝突，也更深化雙方之間相互的不信任。美蘇間的困境因而轉變為無止盡的核武擴增發展。

This thesis looks to examine U.S. policies during the Cold War era towards the Soviet Union. In this case the timeframe exists from President Truman's administration through the Eisenhower administration. Since entering the age of nuclear weapons, both the United States and the Soviet Union were eager to gain an advantage over the other. The United States started to build its nuclear strike power in the late 1940’s, during Truman's administration, and  it expanded in the 1950’s during Eisenhower's administration. Nuclear deterrence was an important policy used towards the threat posed by the Soviet Union. From Truman's Containment Policy to the New Look Policy of Eisenhower's administration, nuclear deterrence became the theme of these two nuclear great powers struggling for survival.

  Nuclear deterrence greatly affected the attitude of both Truman and Eisenhower's administration towards the use of nuclear weapons. Using nuclear technology as a deterrent was always seen as a defense mechanism in the event of a surprise attack. Next, the military used this as a method for developing and as a counter-measure against a nuclear strike. From a political and economic viewpoint, this was considered a great bargaining chip and a sign of showing national economic strength. Deterrence theory will be the main theory used to analyze this thesis and, I also use Structuralism and System's Theory with Deterrence Theory to examine the Containment Policy of Truman's administration. Next, I use Offensive Realism and Geo-Strategy with reference to the Deterrence theory to analyze the New Look Policy of Eisenhower's administration.

  After analyzing all the theories, Deterrence theory is still the most reasonable theory among the others used. From the Containment Policy to the New Look Policy,  the United States formulated a pattern to influence world trends towards its  preference. Simultaneously, it was also used against challenges presented by the Soviet Union in various levels of application including; military, politics, economy to ideology, as well as morale and social systems. The most important difference between Truman and Eisenhower's administration was to acquire the initiative of handling world affairs and crisis. With improving nuclear technology, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union could not end the Cold War dilemma by applying its military power. This world crisis also put the two powers on the brink of war, which also increased mutual distrust. This dilemma between the U.S. and the Soviet Union turned into an endless nuclear weapons build up.

目錄
第一章  緒論 1
第一節  研究主旨 1
第二節  研究動機與研究問題 2
第三節  理論與文獻回顧 4
第四節  研究方法、途徑、範圍與限制 24
第五節  章節安排 28
第二章  冷戰初杜魯門政府的圍堵政策 31
第一節  冷戰初期之國際環境 31
第二節  圍堵政策之產生 37
第三節  蘇聯權力之崛起 48
第四節  圍堵政策之形成 53
第三章  蘇聯力量的擴張與對美國的挑戰 57
第一節  經濟上的發展情勢 57
第二節  蘇聯核武的威脅 65
第三節  美國的反應 76
第四章  艾森豪對蘇聯威脅之認知 81
第一節  全面報復之形成 81
第二節  相互嚇阻之侷限性 94
第三節  新觀點政策之評估 100
第五章  嚇阻下的區域安全 105
第一節  開放天空之評估105
第二節  東南亞戰略之部署 115
第三節  北約合作的實踐 123
第六章  結論 133
附錄 139
參考書目 143

圖表目錄

圖
圖1-1  15
圖5-1 102

表
表3-1  67
表3-2  69
表4-1  89
表4-2  97
表5-1 107

參考書目
壹、中文部份

一、書籍
李永成。《霸權的神話:進攻性現實主義理論研究》。北京:世界知識出版社，2007年。

閻學通，孫學峰。《國際關係研究實用方法》。北京:人民出版社，2001年。

余炳輝。《社會科學的研究方法》。杭州: 浙江人民，1987年。

貳、英文部份

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