RFID近幾年成為熱門話題，其原因為成本的降低、政府努力推動、企業研究與開發，RFID應用方面相當廣闊，包含悠遊卡與ETC、門禁卡、門票、電子病例、物流倉儲、防盜晶片及人或物的追蹤與辨識等應用。
我們主要研究為居家安全，提供居家危險警報的服務。我們使用RFID的技術來偵測老人與小孩在家是否發生危險，將容易發生危險的位置或物件佈置主動式標籤，透過讀取器讀取標籤訊號的強度(RSSI：0-255)，將收集到的RSSI值用無線網路傳回電腦做資料處理。
模糊推論分為位置與物件，其隸屬函數包含RSSI、年齡及危險等級，前兩者屬於輸入因子，第三項屬於輸出因子，經由模糊推論所推論出的代表值，我們稱為危險數，如果危險數超過門檻值就會發出警報，門檻值的訂定是在使用者認為安全的情況下，將測到的最大RSSI值，經由模糊推論產生危險數，再將危險數加1，加1的原因為RSSI值並不固定，此舉為了避免沒有必要的警報。為了貼近使用者的狀況，我們提出一個回饋機制，針對不同位置與物件給予回饋，我們的回饋是將RSSI的隸屬函數往右移動，這樣使用者就必須再更接近位置或物件才會推論出與之前一樣的危險數，多次的回饋後，也會讓位置與物件的危險值都低於門檻值，即表示不再危險。
我們模擬老人與小孩在不同的情況進行推論，一開始隸屬函數沒有經過回饋，全部都為預設狀態，因此，不管在什麼情況下老人與小孩的結果都一樣；加入回饋機制後，針對不同的使用者給予不同的回饋，多次回饋後，推論出的結果都會慢慢符合使用者。RFID與影像技術一樣可以監控家中是否安全，不過RFID的設備與影像設備比較起來相對便宜；RFID在隱私權部分也較無爭議。

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) becomes a popular research topic in recent years, because the cost has been reduced. The government actively promoted, and the industry started to do research and develop.  RFID can be applied to many areas like Easy Card, ETC, access control cards, tickets, electronic health records, logistics and warehouse, chip of anti theft, tracking and identification.
    We aim at enhancing home safety in our research that provides a service to issue dangerous alarms at home. We use the RFID technology to detect possible dangerous objects and locations for the elderly and children at home. First, we deploy active tags in dangerous locations and attach them to objects. The reader detects the signal strength, namely RSSI values, from the tags. We use wireless network to deliver the RSSI values to the computer. Finally, the computer processes the data and performs fuzzy inference. The fuzzy inference includes both locations and objects. There are three membership functions based ages and RSSI values (location tags and object tags). The inference can result in a dangerous degree. If the dangerous degree is over the threshold, the computer will issue an alarm. We also propose a feedback mechanism to revise the membership functions for personalization, and it is applied to both location and object membership functions.   
    We simulated a few situations for both children and the elderly. At first, we did not give any feedback. The system issued alarms as expected. Then we gave the system a few times of feedbacks to simulate no-danger situations. After a few feedbacks, the membership functions were adjusted to an extent that the alarm was not issued any more for the same situation. RFID is cheaper than cameras and the privacy issue can be avoided.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究動機 2
1.3論文架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1 RFID之簡介 5
2.1.1 RFID之架構與原理 5
2.1.2居家安全及醫療照護之研究 8
2.2模糊理論之簡介 10
2.2.1 模糊集合之基本概念 11
2.2.2 模糊基本運算 14
2.3模糊推論 18
第三章 模糊推論建立與危險情況之偵測 22
3.1實驗設備 22
3.2資料之收集與處理 23
3.2.1距離之計算 24
3.2.2位置與物件資料轉換 27
3.2.3位置與物件分割 28
3.2.4年齡之計算 29
3.3隸屬函數與模糊規則之訂定	30
3.3.1隸屬函數 31
3.3.2模糊規則 34
3.4模糊推論之建置 35
3.4.1解模糊與危險情況之偵測	36
3.4.2回饋 39
第四章 實測分析與實驗結果 41
4.1實驗環境與系統流程 41
4.2實測分析 44
4.2.1位置與物件距離之比較 44
4.2.2方向性之分析 45
4.2.3障礙物之分析 47
4.2.4回饋之分析 49
4.2.5高度之分析 51
4.3實驗結果 54
4.3.1警報門檻值之訂定 54
4.3.2危險情況 58
第五章 結論與未來展望 70
參考文獻	72
附錄 英文論文 76

圖2.1、被動式標籤	6
圖2.2、主動式標籤	6
圖2.3、特徵函數之圖形 11
圖2.4、隸屬函數之圖形 12
圖2.5、明確函數與隸屬函數圖 13
圖2.6、常見之集合運算圖 14
圖2.7、模糊集合運算圖 15
圖2.8、模糊集合轉為明確集合	15
圖2.9、三角模糊數 16
圖2.10、梯形模糊數	17
圖2.11、高斯模糊數	17
圖2.12、模糊推論 19
圖2.13、Max-min 21
圖3.1、支援CF卡之PDA 22
圖3.2、主動式標籤	22
圖3.3、300公分之變化量 24
圖3.4、0，45，90度測量方式	25
圖3.5、CF-讀取器具有方向性	25
圖3.6、平均值及對數函數 26
圖3.7、將負數轉為0	 26
圖3.8、18個標籤之原始資料格式 27
圖3.9、18個標籤的RSSI值 28
圖3.10、位置與物件之RSSI值	28
圖3.11、位置與物件之最大RSSI值 29
圖3.12、年齡計算 29
圖3.13、位置之隸屬函數 32
圖3.14、物件之隸屬函數 32
圖3.15、年齡之隸屬函數 33
圖3.16、危險等級之隸屬函數	34
圖3.17、位置之模糊規則 35
圖3.18、物件之模糊規則 35
圖3.19、模糊推論架構 36
圖3.20、位置推論圖 37
圖3.21、物件推論圖 37
圖3.22、危險警報之視窗 38
圖3.23、隸屬函數右移 39
圖4.1、實驗環境(長：14m，寬：11.2m)	41
圖4.2、資料傳送之流程 42
圖4.3、發警報之流程圖 43
圖4.4、讀取器與標籤之角度變化 52
圖4.5、標籤擺放高度圖(單位：公分) 53
圖4.6、安全地點 55
圖4.7、老人回饋(1、3次)實驗結果(連續60筆) 60
圖4.8、老人與小孩警報結果(連續30筆)	62
圖4.9、小孩回饋(1次)實驗結果(連續60筆) 64
圖4.10、小孩回饋(2次)實驗結果(連續10筆) 64
圖4.11、5歲小孩無回饋實驗結果 65
圖4.12、5歲小孩回饋(廁所1)實驗結果 66
圖4.13、70歲老人無回饋實驗結果 67
圖4.14、70歲老人回饋(冰箱)實驗結果 68

表2.1、條碼與RFID功能之比較 8
表2.2、明確集合與模糊集合之比較 13
表4.1、位置與物件危險數之比較 44
表4.2、正、背對RSSI之變化 45
表4.3、正、背對之危險數 46
表4.4、冰箱內、外RSSI之變化 47
表4.5、馬桶RSSI之變化 48
表4.6、位置與物件危險數之比較 48
表4.7、回饋右移量與次數之危險數 50
表4.8、站著與摔倒RSSI之變化 51
表4.9、浴室之危險數 52
表4.10、安全情況 56
表4.11、最高RSSI值之危險數 57
表4.12、5歲，客廳→冰箱(門沒關)警報時間點 59
表4.13、70歲，客廳→冰箱(門沒關)警報時間點 59
表4.14、電腦→拿藥警報時間點 61
表4.15、70歲，廚房→廁所(摔倒)警報時間點 63
表4.16、5歲，廚房→廁所(摔倒)警報時間點 63

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