當今國際貿易體制已在全球化上卻步。對美國而言，國內及國外貿易保護主義的壓力會越來越大。美國貿易代表署與國會之間的互動是美國能否持續其在第二次世界大戰戰後建立的自由貿易體制的關鍵。本論文首先分析1930年至1988年的美國貿易法的演進，藉以說明美國內外政經環境的變化對美國貿易立法的影響。其次，闡述貿易代表署的權責。再次，本文以「1991年爭取延長快速程序授權」以及「1993年簽訂北美自由貿易協定」兩個貿易立法作為案例，描述貿易代表署與國會的互動。貿易代表署與國會間的互動可以顯示美國國內產業所受到的壓力，以及美國貿易政策未來的變化。

Post-WWII international trading system is under tremendous stress. The United States, builder and orchestrator of the system, faces protectionist pressures from abroad and within. Institutionally, the U.S. relies on the office of Trade Representative and Congress to strike a political balance between protectionism and free trade. This thesis first examines the evolution of the U.S. trade laws from 1930 to 1988 to show the political balance in trade policy. It then analyses the mandate and responsibilities of the Trade Representative Office. The thesis next uses two legislative cases, “1991 For the Extension of the Expedited Procedure Authorization” and the “North American Free Trade Agreement in 1993,” to illustrate the interactions between the USTR and Congress. The thesis concludes that the USTR-Congress interaction is of crucial importance in shaping the U.S. foreign trade policy, hence having a strong bearing on the survival of global trading system.

目錄
目錄...IV
圖目錄...VI
表目錄...VII
第一章 緒論...1
第一節 研究動機與目的...1
第二節 文獻檢閱...2
第三節 研究範圍與限制...8
第四節 研究途徑與...9
第五節 章節安排...10
第二章 1934年體制下的美國貿易法...12
第一節 1930年斯幕脫－霍雷關稅法...12
第二節 1934年互惠貿易協定法...15
第三節 互惠貿易協定法的延伸...23
第四節 1962年貿易擴張法...28
第五節 小結...35
第三章 1970與1980年代的美國貿易法...36
第一節 1970年代的貿易法...36
第二節 1988年綜合貿易及競爭力法案...46
第三節 小結...62
第四章 美國貿易代表署...63
第一節 貿易代表署的組織與功能...63
第二節 制定貿易政策的政治環境...66
第三節 小結...79
第五章 貿易代表署與國會的互動...81
第一節 1991年延長快速程序授權...81
第二節 1993年北美自由貿易協定...85
第三節 結果分析...89
第四節 小結...94
第六章 結論...95
參考文獻...100
一、中文部分...100
二、英文部分...103

 
圖目錄
圖2-1　1821－2106年美國平均關稅...15
圖3-1　1960－1994年美國通貨膨脹率...48
圖3-2　1960－1994年美國平民失業率...49
圖3-3　1961－1994年的美國、日本與西德GNP增長率...49
圖3-4　1978－1994年美國名義和實際有效匯率指數：基於消費者物價指數...50
圖3-5　1970－1994年各國匯率對數圖...52
圖4-1　美國特別貿易代表署組織架構圖...64
圖4-2　美國貿易代表領導跨部門貿易政策程序...72
圖4-3　國會立法流程圖...75
圖5-1　1991－1993年與貿易代表署相關報導佔比圖...90
圖5-2　1991－1993年同時提及貿易代表署與快速程序之報導數量圖...91
圖5-3　1991－1993年同時提及貿易代表署與北美自由貿易協定之報導數量圖...92

 
表目錄
表2 1「互惠貿易協定法」歷年修正表...19
表2 2 1948－1962年逃避條款調查結果摘要...26
表2-3 美國在貿易談判中的關稅減讓與關貿總協第1至6次談判成果...30
表3-1 1960－2000年美國GDP、進出口總額和貿易差額（單位：億美元）...39
表3-2 1980－1990年實施反傾銷案、平衡稅案和逃避條款案的數量調查...60
表3-3 1980－1990年反傾銷案及其結果....61
表3-4 1980－1990年鋼鐵業反傾銷案及處理結果...61
表4-1 1961－2017年歷任總統與貿易代表...68
表5-1 1991年5月23日美國眾議院對H Res 101的投票結果...84
表5-2 1991年5月23日美國眾議院對H Res 101 & H Res 146的投票結果...84
表5-3 1991年5月24日美國參議院對S Res 78的投票結果...85
表5-4 1993年11月17日美國眾議院對HR 3450的投票結果...88
表5-5 1993年11月20日美國參議院對HR 3450的投票結果...89

一、中文部分
王志。2010年3月。〈略論美國貿易互惠政策及其演變〉，《生產力研究》，第3期，頁38－40。
何文富。2008。《美國貿易代表法律制度研究》。重慶：西南政法大學碩士學位論文。
何思因。1994。《美國貿易政治》，臺北：時英出版社。
何思因。2014。〈台灣的貿易政治〉，陳添枝、劉大年主編，史惠慈等著，《由ECFA到TPP：台灣區域經濟整合之路》。台北：遠景基金會，2014年。頁255－283。
李淑俊、倪世雄。2007年。〈美國貿易保護主義的政治基礎－以中美貿易摩擦為例〉。《世界經濟與政治》，2007年卷第7期，頁69－74。
李淑俊、倪世雄。2007年6月。〈美國貿易保護主義的必然性與偶然性－對未來美國貿易政策的政治經濟分析〉，《世界經濟與政治論壇》，2007卷第3期，頁47－52。
李淑俊、郭增棟。2007年8月。〈美國貿易保護主義中的國會因素〉，《當代世界與社會主義》，2007年卷第4期，頁94－97。
周軍。2004年。〈自由貿易與1934－1941年的美國外交〉，《淮南師範學院學報》，第6卷第1期，頁91－93。
林彤。2012。《美國貿易法與美國貿易代表署的演進與運作》。臺北：國立台灣大學社會科學院政治學研究所碩士論文。
胡婉玲。2001年12月30日。〈論歷史制度主義的制度變遷理論〉，《新世紀智庫論壇》，第16期，頁86－95。
韋江。1999年1月。〈美國關稅政策回顧〉，《國際貿易問題》，第1期，頁43－45。
孫哲、李巍。2007年3月。〈美國貿易代表辦公室與美國國際貿易政策〉，《美國研究》，2007年卷第1期，頁85－106。
徐泉。2008年1月。〈美國外貿政策決策機制的變革─美國《1934年互惠貿易協定法》述評〉，《法學家》，第1期，頁154－160。
海超。2009年5月。〈試論肯尼迪政府《1962年貿易擴展法》的出台〉，《商丘師範學院學報》，第25卷第5期，頁63－66。
海超。2009年8月。〈《1962年貿易擴展法》與美國貿易政策〉，《池州學院學報》，第23卷第4期，頁14－16。
張德明。2003年9月。〈從保護主義到自由貿易－略論20世紀三四十年代美國外貿政策的歷史性變化〉，《武漢大學學報（人文科學版）》，第56卷第5期，頁571－576。 
經濟部國際貿易局駐美代表處經濟組。2015 年 9月 30日。〈美國 337條款調查流程簡介〉。台北：經濟部。https://www.trade.gov.tw/App_Ashx/File.ashx?FilePath=../Files/Doc/fc8c1a23-24f0-4ff7-bd4f-6a9fb9463a03.pdf
經濟部國際貿易局駐美代表處經濟組。2017 年 6月 12日。〈美國反傾銷調查〉。台北：經濟部。https://www.trade.gov.tw/Search2/List.aspx?query=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%8D%E5%82%BE%E9%8A%B7%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5
經濟部國際貿易局駐美代表處經濟組。2017 年 6月 12日。〈美國平衡稅調查〉。台北：經濟部。https://www.trade.gov.tw/Search2/List.aspx?query=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E7%A8%85%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5
經濟部國際貿易局駐美代表處經濟組。2017 年 6月 13日。〈第201 條款(防衛措施調查)〉。台北：經濟部。https://www.trade.gov.tw/App_Ashx/File.ashx?FilePath=../Files/Doc/da0eecc9-1e50-465e-a96e-e723ff912fbd.pdf
經濟部國際貿易局駐美代表處經濟組。2017 年 6月 28日。〈第301 條款及特別301 條款〉。台北：經濟部。https://www.trade.gov.tw/App_Ashx/File.ashx?FileID=8A9D3268881A8FED
經濟部國際貿易局駐美代表處經濟組。2017 年 6月 2日。〈美國貿易擴張法第232 條款〉。台北：經濟部。https://www.trade.gov.tw/App_Ashx/File.ashx?FilePath=../Files/Doc/a68ebfb0-8c83-49e8-b1c6-e2c8e390afcc.pdf
經濟部國際貿易局駐美代表處經濟組。2018 年 8月 30日。〈美國普遍化優惠關稅措施〉。台北：經濟部。https://www.trade.gov.tw/Pages/detail.aspx?nodeid=1770&pid=648796&did=327678
蔡相廷。2010年。〈歷史制度主義的興起與研究取向－政治學研究途徑與探討〉。《臺北市立教育大學學報》，第41卷第2期，頁39-76。
談潭。2010年。〈美國1934年「互惠貿易協定法」及其影響〉，《歷史教學》，第10期，頁66－71。
鄧峰。2005年1月。〈論美國關稅法的演變〉，《東北亞論壇》，第14卷第1期，頁72－75。

 
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