21 世紀拉丁裔已是美國第二大族群，其中以墨裔移民佔最高比例。政府對移民政策的開放或緊縮態度，影響美墨兩國之間勞動力來往狀況。以美國移民政策與墨裔移民歷史沿革為基礎，本論文主要分析21世紀美國移民政對墨西哥國內經濟、社會安全、人口成長方面的影響。
自 911 事件的發生後，小布希政府透過持續加強美墨邊境的管制以及提高申請移民門檻，來達到限制美國境內非法移民與每年新移民的人數成長幅度。墨裔移民方面，雖然每年成長的新移民人數成長幅度不同以往，但在移民鏈的保護下，降低緊縮政策對於境內非法移民的影響。
由於共和黨與民主黨長年在移民法案上無法取得共識，而歐巴馬政府為了能夠改善國內境內非法移民問題，則以行政命令的方式，使得符合條件的非法移民免遭受遣返，在這項命令中，以墨裔移民為最大受惠者。另外，2008 年美國爆發次級危機後，工作機會減少，失業率上升，導致每年的墨裔移民成長速度減緩，許多滯留在美國的移民返回墨西哥，僑匯金額也有所下降。
最後，本論文簡述川普總統在移民議題強硬的態度，受到國際社會的關注，政府自 2017 年以來，致力於兌現各項競選時的政見，例如：美墨邊境築牆、減少接受難民人數與實施各項緊縮的移民政策…。但根據前兩年任期的統計顯示，對於墨西哥移民的影響效果，並不如川普預期中的明顯。

In the 21st century, Latinos are the second largest ethnic group in the United States, with Mexican immigrants accounting for the highest proportion. The government's attitude towards immigration policies affects the labor exchanges between the US and Mexico. Based on the
US immigration policy and the history of Mexican immigration, this thesis mainly analyzes the impact of the 21st century US immigration policy on Mexico's domestic economy, social security, and population growth.
 Since the occurrence of the 9/11 incident, the George W. Bush´s administration has continuously strengthened controls on the U.S.- Mexico border and raised immigration thresholds to limit the growth in the number of illegal immigrants and new immigrants in the United States
each year. Regarding Mexican immigrants, although the number of new immigrants who grow each year has a different growth rate, under the protection of chain immigration, the impact of austerity policies on domestic illegal immigrants is reduced.
Since Republicans and Democrats have been unable to reach a
consensus on the immigration bill for many years, the administration of President Barack Obama, in order to improve the problem of illegal immigration within the country, it has adopted an executive order to exempt eligible illegal immigrants from being deported. In this order Among them, Mexican immigrants are the biggest beneficiaries. In addition, after the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States in 2008,job opportunities decreased and the unemployment rate increased, resulting in a slowdown in the growth rate of Mexican immigrants every year. Many immigrants stranded in the United States returned to Mexico and the amount of remittances also declined.
 The last part of the thesis briefly describes President Trump’s tough attitude on immigration issues, which has attracted the attention of the international community. Since 2017, the government has been committed to fulfilling various political views during the elections, such
as building a new wall on the US-Mexico border, reducing the number of refugees, and implementing various policies. A tightening immigration policy... etc. However, statistics from the previous two years of office show that the impact on Mexican immigrants is not as obvious as Trump’s
initial appointment.

第一章	緒論	........................................................................................................................................	1
第一節	 、研究動機與目的	.....................................................................................................................	1
第二節	 、研究假設	...................................................................................................................................	2
第三節	 、研究方法與途徑	.....................................................................................................................	2
第四節	 、研究架構	...................................................................................................................................	3
第二章	移民理論與墨西哥對美國移民的研究途徑	...........................................................	9
第一節	 、移民理論	.................................................................................................................................	10
第二節	 、墨西哥對美國移民的研究途徑	......................................................................................	19
第三章	 20 世紀美國移民政策對墨西哥移民行為的影響	...............................................	27
第一節	 、美國移民政策的歷史沿革	................................................................................................	27
第二節	 、墨西哥對美國移民的性質與特徵	.................................................................................	37
第四章	小布希時期的移民政策與其影響	............................................................................	43
第一節	 、小布希的移民政策與移民法案的改革	........................................................................	43
第二節	 、2001-2008 年，美國移民政策對墨西哥移民的影響	..............................................	55
第五章	歐巴馬時期的移民政策與其影響	............................................................................	63
第一節	 、歐巴馬政府的移民政策與其影響	.................................................................................	63
第二節	 、2009 年至 2016 年	 墨西哥移民在美國的發展狀況	................................................	70
第三節	 、川普政府對歐巴馬政府移民政策的檢討與修正	....................................................	78
第六章	結論	......................................................................................................................................	85
參考書目	.............................................................................................................................................	91

圖表目錄
圖目錄

圖2-1美國墨西哥移民人數曲線趨勢圖（百萬）…………………………………9
圖2-2推拉理論模型（+：正面吸引因素 －：負面抗拒因素 O：中立因素）11
圖2-3薪資高低國家的國際移民百分比，2000年和2017年……………………14
圖2-4美國合法移民之前五大出生國家（百萬），2017年………………………19
圖2-5墨西哥與其他國家在美居留人口數，1990至2016年……………………22
圖2-6從墨西哥非法移民移往美國之逮捕人數（單位：百萬）………………23
圖3-1多元化移民簽證的移民原籍比例…………………………………………33
圖3-2墨西哥移民佔所有移民的比例（單位：％），1970至2000年…………41
圖4-1《安全柵欄法》實施後圍欄的位置………………………………………51
圖4-2美國：墨西哥勞工失業率與全美勞動力（％），2002至2010年………58
圖4-3家庭僑匯金額變化，2001年至2009年（百萬美元）……………………60
圖5-1在美墨西哥移民總人口變化（百萬），1994年至2017年………………71
圖5-2墨裔移民往返美國與墨西哥的人口數（千）……………………………72
圖5-3美國：以性別分列，墨裔勞動人數及其工資平均值（千；美元）……76
圖5-4南方邊境非法跨境逮捕總人數變化，1989至2018年……………………80

表目錄

表2-1西德外國勞工總就業與行業分布比例（％）……………………………16
表3-1享有持有臨時保護身份待遇的國家與人數………………………………35
表3-2 1999年美國公民和墨西哥移民的職業分佈（％）………………………38
表4-1小布希時期提出過的移民法案，2003年至2007年………………………47
表4-2美國南方邊境逮捕人數，2001年至2008年………………………………52
表4-3獲得合法永久居留總人數與墨西哥裔所佔比例，2001年至2008年……55
表4-4在美非法總人數與墨裔非法移民人數，2000年與2005至2009年………57
表5-1美國南方邊境非法越境逮捕人數（人），2009年至2016年……………65
表5-2大都市區墨西哥移民人口比例（％），2012-2016年………………………74
表6-1影響墨裔移民的重要美國移民法…………………………………………85

參考書目	
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宋歐〈墨西哥人移民美國的歷程〉，《安徽史學》，6 期（2008）。
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x
李明歡，〈20 世紀西方國際移民理論〉，《廈門大學學報》，144 期（2000），
http://www.ims.sdu.edu.cn/__local/5/B3/54/09560FD835F9FCB57AED30B772D_A
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林妍，〈墨西哥人移民美國 平均帶六家庭成員定居〉，2017，大紀元新聞網，
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林勝義，《社會工作概論》，台北：五南出版社，2013。
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張光球，〈歐巴馬的拉美方位〉，《拉丁美洲經貿季刊》，四期，2011。
莊博智，《小布希政府對拉丁裔移民政策之研究：以古巴裔與墨西哥裔為例》，
台北市：台北政治大學外交研究所，碩士論文，民國 95 年。
陳丹虹，〈歐巴馬執政後的移民政策趨向分析〉，美國中文網，2009，
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陳積敏，〈美國非法移民治理以及其困境〉，《美國研究》，二期，2012。
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盧倩儀，〈政治學與移民理論〉，《台灣政治學刊》，第 10 卷，第二期，2006。
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謝立功、張先正、汪毓瑋、謝文忠、柯文麗，《美國移民政策的發展》，新北
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