二十一世紀中人類所面對的兩項最重要課題分別是能源與環境。目前全球百分之九十的能源來自石化燃料如石油、天然氣、煤等，不但會產生二氧化碳等污染，還會消耗人類寶貴的資源；非化學的能源中，水力的使用限制很大，至於太陽能、風能產生的能源則不敷工業大量用電的需求，世界頂尖的科學家們不分國界、不分意識形態的為了全人類的福祉而共同努力，以期能帶給全人類乾淨、價格低廉的永續能源。
國際熱核融合實驗反應爐計劃是目前人類最大的一項國際科學研究計劃，由俄羅斯、歐盟、印度、美國、中國、日本、韓國所共同參與，它將用來向全世界展示磁控核融合能源實用化的可行性，使世人們認識到磁控核融合能源不再遙不可及。
歐盟作為這項計劃的主持方，投入的人力、物力都是最多，此外，歐洲國家對於過去七十年的磁控核融合能源發展的重要性是不可取代的，尤其以英國、法國、德國最為重要，早期在歐洲原子能共同體的帶領下各個會員國也都有許多成就，而現在更是由歐盟來主導，本文將就歐洲對於磁控核融合能源發展、國際熱核融合實驗反應爐計劃，還有英、法、德進行研究，最後做出結論。

Humanity are facing two problems in the 21st century, energy and environment. At the moment the global energy is still highly depend on fossil fuels at 90% like oil, coal and gas, while they released large amount of greenhouse gas. Scientist already claims that renewable energy and green energy is not capable to taken over base load power plants. However scientists around the world work together and try to achieve the ultimate solution and solve both of problems once and for all.
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor is a large-scale scientific experiment that aims to demonstrate that it is possible to produce commercial energy from fusion. Russia, EU, China, USA, India, Japan and Korea altogether in this international collaboration program in order to demonstrate the world that controlled fusion are feasible. EU is not only a participant but also the host of this international project; no doubt it provides most of resources for this program. Besides, in the past 70 years Europe countries are fusion frontiers, this study will focus on the contribution of European at fusion development and ITER, including fusion energy leading countries: United Kingdom, Germany and France. Then make a conclusion.

目錄	I
第一章	緒論	1
第一節 研究動機與目的	1
第二節 研究範圍與限制	6
第三節 研究方法	6
一、	歷史研究法	7
二、	政策研究法	7
三、	文獻研究法	8
第四節 文獻評論	9
第二章	歐洲聯盟與核融合能源	17
第一節 歐洲聯合環形加速器	19
一、	歐洲聯合環形加速器的歷史進程與法源依據	20
二、	歐洲聯合環形加速器的實驗成果	27
第二節 歐洲核融合發展協定	30
第三章	歐洲核融合能源公署	39
第一節 歐洲核融合能源公署的歷史背景和進程	40
第二節 歐洲核融合能源公署的組織架構與演進	45
第四章	國際熱核融合反應爐	55
第一節 國際熱核融實驗反應爐的歷史進程	57
第二節 國際熱核融合實驗反應爐計畫的組織架構	62
第五章	歐盟會員國與核融合能源發展	69
第一節 德國與核融合能源發展	69
第二節 法國與核融合能源發展	77
第三節 英國與核融合能源發展	83
第六章	磁控核融合發展概況	90
第一節 從理論到可控核融合發展	91
第二節 核融合與核分裂的比較	100
第七章	結論	105
參考文獻	109
一、	官方文件	109
二、	專書	110
三、	網路資料	111
圖次
【圖1-1】國際能源總署的全球能源發展藍圖．．．．．．．．．．3
【圖1-2】歐盟投入資源佔全體的比重．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
【圖1-3】各國投入的工作人員數．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．5
【圖2-1】歐洲聯合環形加速器與ITER真空室大小比較．．．．．19
【圖2-2】D型磁力線圈．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
【圖2-3】核融合發展協定組織架構圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．37
【圖3-1】歐洲核融合能源公署館前照．．．．．．．．．．．．．42
【圖3-2】歐洲核融合能源公署的組織架構圖．．．．．．．．．．48
【圖3-3】歐洲核融合能源公署層級圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．51
【圖3-4】核融合能源公署草創時期處理程序流程圖．．．．．．．53
【圖3-5】核融合能源公署整合管理系統．．．．．．．．．．．． 53
【圖4-1】歐盟與國際熱核融合實驗反應爐計劃．．．．．．．．．56
【圖5-1】文德爾施泰因7-AS拆解後的磁力線圈做為館內擺設．．74
【圖5-2】湯姆森與布列克曼設計的環形容器專利圖．．．．．． 85
【圖6-1】氘氚核融合示意圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．94
【圖6-2】氘氚核融合的簡明圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．94
【圖6-3】常見的電漿型態．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．97
【圖6-5】鈾235的核分裂反應示意圖．．．．．．．．．．．．．101

 
表次
【表2-1】歐洲聯合環形加速器的組織架構圖．．．．．．．．．．24
【表2-2】歐洲聯合環形加速器會員國參與計畫員工數．．．．．．24
【表2-3】1998年底歐洲聯合環形加速器理事會成員．．．．．． 25
【表2-4】歐洲聯合環形加速器運作預算分配如下．．．．．．．．26
【表3-1】歐盟需要提供的「實物」（In-Kind）貢獻表．．．．．．44
【表4-1】國際熱核融合實驗反應爐計畫組織架構圖．．．．．．．67

一、	官方文件
Agreement between the European Atomic Energy Community and the Government of Japan for the Joint Implementation of the Broader Approach Activities in the Field of Fusion Energy Research, OJ L 246/34,21.09.2007
Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization for the Joint Implementation of the ITER Project, OJ L 358/62,16.12.2006
Consolidated versions of the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty of on the Functioning of the European Union, OJ C 115/43, 09.05.2008.
Consolidated version of the Treaty on Establishing of the European Atomic Energy Community, OJ C 84/1,30.03.2010
Council Decision of 30 May 1978 on the establishment of the ‘Joint European Torus (JET), Joint Undertaking’, OJ L 151/10,07.06.1978
Council Decision of 27 March 2007 “establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy and
Conferring advantages upon it’,  OJ L 90/58,30.03.2007
Council Decision of 16 December 1980 (4151/81, ATO 103) “setting up a consultative committee for the fusion programme”
Council Decision of 27 March 2007 “establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy and
Conferring advantages upon it”, OJ L 90/58,30.03.2007
Council Decision of 18 December 2006 Concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for nuclear research and training activities (2007 to 2011), OJ L 54/21,22.02.2007
COUNCIL DECISION of 18 December 2006
Concerning the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community,(Euratom) for nuclear research and training activities (2007 to 2011), OJ L 54/21, 22.02.2007
Communication From The Commission
Research And Technological Development Activities Of The European Union2000 Annual Report, Brussels, 19.12.2000-Com(2000) 842 Final
Communication From The Commission To The Europeanparliament, The Council, The European Economic And Socialcommittee And The Committee Of The Regions Energy Efficiency Plan 2011, Brussels, 8.3.2011com(2011) 109 Final
Decision Of The Governing Board Adopting The Project Plan (2012 Edition) Of The European Joint Undertaking For Iter And The Development Of Fusion Energy,  F4E(12)-GB26-09.1
Decision By The Governing Board Of Fusion For Energyadopting The Rules Of Procedure Of The Administration And Finance Committee, F4E(II)-GB20-07f
FUSION FOR ENERGY The European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy, F4E(12)-GB26-09.1
二、	專書
Annual Report and Accounts 2012/13,UK: United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority ISBN 978-01-0298-642-6
A Dictionary of the European Union, David Phinnemore,Lee McGowan, ISBN: 9780203403464
Energy Technology Perspectives Scenarios & Strategies to 2050, France: SOREGRAPH  ISBN : 978-92-64-08597-8
Fleischmann, Martin; Pons, Stanley (1989), "Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium", Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 261 (2A): 301–308, doi:10.1016/0022-0728(89)80006-3
Fusion Engineering and Design Volume 46, Issues 2–4, November 1999, Pages 397–404
Fusion And Industry Together For The Future, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, ISBN 978-92-79-11711-4
G. M. McCracken, P. Peter E. Stott (2013) Fusion: The Energy of the Universe, UK: Elsevier Inc.
Institut de Recherche. sur la Fusion Magnétique Annual Report 2007, FR: EURATOM-CEA.
Institut de Recherche. sur la Fusion Magnétique Annual Report 2008, FR: EURATOM-CEA.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Fusion For Energy Annual Report 2008 Part 1,ISBN 978-92-9214-000-7
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Fusion For Energy Annual Report 2009, ISBN 978-92-9214-008-3
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Fusion For Energy Annual Report 2010, ISBN 978-92-9214-012-0
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, Fusion For Energy Annual Report 2011, ISBN 978-92-9214-013-7
Michael, K. (1976) Potential Energy: An Analysis of World Energy Technology, UK: Syndics of the Cambridge University Press
Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Springer, 2006/3/30, Springer: Kenro Miyamoto ISBN: 978-3-540-24217-8
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology, IAEA.  ISBN: 978-92-0-193410-9
Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy, Jeffrey P. Freidberg,Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521733175
三、	網路資料
http://cordis.europa.eu/home_en.html
http://ec.europa.eu/
http://fusionforenergy.europa.eu/
http://ncp-tw.ntust.edu.tw/front/bin/home.phtml
http://old.enea.it/com/ingl/default.htm
http://theenergycollective.com/
http://www.ccfe.ac.uk/
http://www.cea.fr/
http://www.efda.org/
http://www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/gb/accueil/index.htm
http://www.iter.org/
http://www.iea.org/
http://www.mpg.de/institutes
https://www.princeton.edu/
https://www.wikipedia.org/