系統識別號 | U0002-1908201515061700 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2015.00549 |
論文名稱(中文) | 轉爐石與粒狀氫氧化鐵去除家庭污水中磷之研究 |
論文名稱(英文) | Comparisons of the removal of Phosphate from domestic wastewater between blast oxygen furnace slag and Granular Ferric Hydroxide |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 水資源及環境工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 103 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 104 |
研究生(中文) | 朱家偉 |
研究生(英文) | Chia-Wei Chu |
學號 | 602480146 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 繁體中文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2015-06-24 |
論文頁數 | 92頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
康世芳
委員 - 柯明賢 委員 - 李柏青 |
關鍵字(中) |
磷 轉爐石(BOF) 粒狀氫氧化鐵(GFH) 沉澱 吸附 |
關鍵字(英) |
Phosphate Basic oxygen furnace steel slag (BOF) Granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) precipitation adsorption |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
本研究探討轉爐石(BOF)與粒狀氫氧化鐵(GFH)去除家庭污水磷之比較,BOF與GFH分別取自於中國鋼鐵公司與市售吸附劑,含磷家庭污水取至淡水水資源回收中心之初沉池出流水,其磷濃度為2.26-5.43 mg/L。採等溫吸附實驗比較BOF與GFH去除家庭污水中磷之效能,實驗參數包括吸附劑添加量、接觸時間與pH。吸附實驗結果以Freundlich等溫吸附公式、Lagergern 擬二階(Pseudo-second-order)動力與內部孔隙擴散速率(Intraparticle diffusion model)模式評估吸附水中磷之動力。此外,並利用電子顯微鏡(SEM)與能量散佈分析儀(EDS)分析吸附劑之化學組成與表面顯微特性。 研究結果顯示由於BOF化學成分組成鈣12.62 wt%,添加於廢水中會溶出鈣且pH會由7.3上升至約9.0,鈣與磷形成Ca5(PO4)3(OH) (s) (hydroxyapatite, HAP) 沉澱物以去除磷,去除磷機制含沉澱與吸附作用,且以沉澱作用為主;SEM顯示BOF表面有HAP沉澱物。相對地,GFH不含鈣但鐵佔68.17 wt%,GFH於水中無溶出鈣且pH些微變化約維持於7.2,去除磷機制以吸附作用為主。對同一吸附劑添加量且磷去除率達75 %時,BOF與GFH所需接觸時間約分別為2小時與8小時。BOF與GFH去除磷之最適pH分別為11與4,BOF去除磷速率為2.54 mg-P/g-hr,約為GFH去除磷速率(0.34 mg-P/g-hr)之7.5倍。此外,BOF及GFH對磷吸附遵循Freundlich等溫吸附,動力吸附則遵循Lagergren擬二階動力吸附與內部孔隙擴散模式,BOF之擬二階動力常數k2值皆大於GFH之k2值。BOF內部孔隙擴散速率(kid)值小於GFH之kid值,且磷於內部孔隙擴散主要於表面吸附去除。綜合結果顯示BOF去除磷速率與經濟性皆優於GFH。 |
英文摘要 |
This study compares the removal of phosphate from domestic wastewater between basic oxygen furnace steel slag (BOF) and granular ferric hydroxide (GFH). BOF is sampled from the China steel company and GFH is a commercial available adsorbent. The wastewater samples were taken from primary effluent of the Tamshui wastewater treatment plant. The phosphate concentration of primary effluent ranges from 2.26 to 5.43 mg/L. The operational parameters include dosage of adsorbent (BOF and GFH), contact time and pH. All experiments are conducted by the isotherm adsorption test. The adsorption kinetic of phosphate by adorbents are evaluated by the Freundlich isotherm, the Lagergern pseudo-second-order and Intraparticle diffusion models. Furthermore, the chemical composition and surface morphology of slags are examined by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results show that due to chemical composition of BOF containing 12.6 of Ca (wt%), BOF could release Ca ions into solution to raise pH from 7.3 to about 9.0. The released Ca ions could react with P to form the precipitation of Ca5(PO4)3(OH) (s) (hydroxyapatite, HAP) to remove P. The mechanism for removal of P incudes precipitation and adsorption, however, it is predominated by precipitation. The SEM micrographs show that the precipitation of HAP on the BOF surface. In contrast, the chemical composition of GFH did not contain Ca but contain 68 of Fe (wt%). The pH of solution has slightly changed and kept about 7.2. The removal mechanism of P by GFH was predominant by adsorption onto GFH surface. To reach 75 % removal of P, the contact time for BOF and GFH is 2 hrs and 8 hrs, respectively. The optimum pH of p removal for BOF and GFH is at 11 and 4, respectively. The P removal rate of BOF is 2.54 mg-P/g-hr and it is about 7.5 times to GFH (0.34 mg-P/g-hr). The adsorption of P by BOF and DFH followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Moreover, the adsorption kinetic of P by BOF and GFH well follows pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. The pseudo-second-order adsorption rate constant, k2 value of BOF is larger than that of GFH. In contrast, intraparticle diffusion rate constant, kid value of BOF is smaller than that of GFH. The P is mainly removed during surface diffusion stage. Overall, the removal mechanism of P by BOF and GFH is predominated by precipitation and adsorption, respectively. Based on the P removal rate and economic feasibility, BOF is a cost-effective adsorbent than GFH for the removal of P. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
目錄 目錄 I 表目錄 IV 圖目錄 V 第一章 前言 1 1-1 研究緣起 1 1-2 研究目的 3 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2-1 磷 4 2-1-1 含磷廢水來源 4 2-1-2 水中磷的特性 5 2-2 轉爐石 7 2-2-1 轉爐石之煉鐵煉鋼流程 7 2-2-2 轉爐石特性 9 2-2-3 轉爐石作為吸附材料的應用 12 2-3 粒狀氫氧化鐵 16 2-3-1 粒狀氫氧化鐵表面化學特性 17 2-3-2 粒狀氫氧化鐵作為吸附材料的應用 19 2-4 吸附理論 24 2-4-1 等溫吸附模式 25 2-4-2 動力吸附模式 28 第三章 實驗材料與方法 31 3-1 實驗架構與流程 31 3-2 實驗材料與藥劑 32 3-2-1 吸附劑 32 3-2-2 吸附質 33 3-2-3 實驗藥品 35 3-2-4 實驗設備 35 3-3 研究方法 36 3-3-1 吸附實驗 36 3-3-2 等溫吸附實驗 36 3-3-3 動力吸附實驗 37 3-3-4 水中鈣溶出實驗 37 3-3-5 沉澱與吸附機制驗證實驗 38 3-4 水質分析 39 3-4-1 磷 40 3-4-2 鈣 41 3-5 吸附劑表面物化特性 42 3-5-1 電子顯微鏡(SEM) 42 3-5-2 比表面積分析 43 第四章 結果與討論 44 4-1 BOF與GFH對去除磷之影響因子 44 4-1-1 BOF與GFH添加量對去除磷之影響 44 4-1-2接觸時間對BOF與GFH去除磷之影響 47 4-1-3 pH對BOF與GFH去除磷之影響 50 4-2 BOF與GFH去除磷之綜合比較 61 4-2-1 BOF與GFH表面顯微物化特性 61 4-2-2 BOF與GFH水溶液化學特性 63 4-2-3 BOF與GFH去除磷機制之比較 66 4-3 BOF與GFH去除磷之等溫吸附 71 4-4 BOF與GFH去除磷之動力吸附 72 4-4-1 BOF與GFH去除磷之Lagergren擬二階動力吸附 72 4-4-2 BOF與GFH去除磷之孔隙擴散模式動力吸附 74 4-4-3 pH對BOF與GFH去除磷之動力吸附之影響 76 4-5 BOF與GFH去除磷成本之比較 82 第五章 結論 83 參考文獻 84 表目錄 表2-1 含磷廢水產生之污染來源與範圍 4 表2-2 水中不同pH範圍內四種磷酸根主要物質 6 表2-3 比較轉爐石與其它文獻之元素組成 10 表2-4 市售之粒狀氫氧化鐵的基本特性 16 表3-1 BOF與GFH之比表面積分析 32 表3-2 初沉池出流水水質資料(102.7-103.6) 33 表3-3 實驗取水水質分析資料 34 表3-4 原水水質標準分析方法 39 表4-1 GFH吸附磷前、後之EDS元素組成 61 表4-2 BOF吸附磷前、後之EDS元素組成 62 表4-3 BOF與GFH去除磷之Freundlich等溫吸附參數(Time = 12 hr、 pH:GFH = 7.1-7.3、BOF = 7.6-9.7) 71 表4-4 BOF與GFH去除磷之擬二階動力吸附參數(添加量:1,000 mg/L、 pH:GFH = 7-7.4、BOF = 8.9-9.2) 73 表4-5 BOF與GFH去除磷之孔隙擴散模式參數(添加量:1,000 mg/L、 pH:GFH = 7-7.4、BOF = 8.9-9.2) 75 表4-6 pH對BOF與GFH去除磷之擬二階動力吸附參數 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 78 表4-7 pH對BOF與GFH去除磷之孔隙擴散模式參數 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 80 表4-8 BOF與GFH效能之比較 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 82 圖目錄 圖2-1 磷酸根在水中解離比率與pH值變化關係圖 6 圖2-2 一般煉鐵煉鋼生產流程圖 8 圖2-3 於2000倍下轉爐石之SEM表面結構影像圖 10 圖2-4 於2000倍下GFH吸附磷前之SEM表面結構影像圖 18 圖2-5 於2000倍下GFH吸附磷後之SEM表面結構影像圖 19 圖3-1 研究架構流程圖 31 圖3-2 淡水污水處理廠之污水處理流程圖 32 圖3-3 磷標準水樣對吸光值之檢量線 40 圖4-1 BOF與GFH添加量對去除磷之影響 (pH:GFH = 7.1-7.3、BOF = 7.6-9.7) 44 圖4-2 BOF與GFH添加量對磷吸附量之影響 (pH:GFH = 7.1-7.3、BOF = 7.6-9.7) 46 圖4-3 BOF與GFH添加量對去除磷之pH變化 46 圖4-4 接觸時間對BOF與GFH去除磷之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、pH:GFH = 7-7.4、BOF = 8.9-9.2) 47 圖4-5 接觸時間對BOF與GFH對磷吸附量之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、pH:GFH = 7-7.4、BOF = 8.9-9.2) 49 圖4-6 接觸時間對BOF與GFH去除磷之水中pH變化 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 49 圖4-7 pH對BOF去除磷之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 50 圖4-8 pH對GFH去除磷之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 51 圖4-9 pH對BOF與GFH去除磷之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 12 hr) 52 圖4-10 pH對BOF與GFH對磷吸附量之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 12 hr) 53 圖4-11 pH對BOF與GFH去除磷之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 24 hr) 54 圖4-12 pH對BOF與GFH對磷吸附量之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 24 hr) 54 圖4-13 pH對BOF與GFH最適pH去除磷之比較 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 55 圖4-14 BOF於最適pH之磷去除機制 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 1 hr、pH = 11) 56 圖4-15 pH對BOF與GFH去除磷之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 24 hr、pH = 4-11) 57 圖4-16 pH對BOF與GFH對磷吸附量之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 24 hr、pH = 4-11) 58 圖4-17 pH對BOF與GFH去除磷後平衡之pH變化 (添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 24 hr) 60 圖4-18 於2000倍下BOF吸附磷後之SEM影像圖 62 圖4-19 BOF吸附磷後之EDS元素分析圖譜 62 圖4-20 BOF與GFH添加量對水中pH變化(Time = 2 hr) 63 圖4-21 BOF添加量對水中鈣溶出之影響(Time = 2 hr) 64 圖4-22 BOF與GFH之磷去除機制(添加量:1,000 mg/L、Time = 12 hr、 pH:BOF = 7.9-8.8、GFH = 7.4-8.2) 67 圖4-23 BOF與GFH於最適pH之磷去除機制(添加量:1,000 mg/L、 Time = 12 hr、pH:BOF = 11.1、GFH = 4) 69 圖4-24 BOF與GFH去除磷之Freundlich等溫吸附模式(Time = 12 hr、 pH:GFH = 7.1-7.3、BOF = 7.6-9.7) 71 圖4-25 BOF與GFH去除磷之擬二階動力吸附模式(添加量:1,000 mg/L、 pH:GFH = 7-7.4、BOF = 8.9-9.2) 73 圖4-26 BOF與GFH去除磷之孔隙擴散模式之影響(添加量:1,000 mg/L、 pH:GFH = 7-7.4、BOF = 8.9-9.2) 75 圖4-27 pH對BOF去除磷之擬二階動力吸附模式之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 77 圖4-28 pH對GFH去除磷之擬二階動力吸附模式之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 77 圖4-29 pH對BOF去除磷之孔隙擴散模式之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 79 圖4-30 pH對GFH去除磷之孔隙擴散模式之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 79 圖4-31 GFH與BOF最適pH去除磷之擬二階動力吸附模式之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 81 圖4-32 GFH與BOF最適pH去除磷之孔隙擴散模式之影響 (添加量:1,000 mg/L) 81 |
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