近年來RF無線射頻系統已被廣泛地運用於日常生活中，包括電子錢包、倉儲管理、身分識別、行動定位等各方面。並且由於行動電話基地台等電磁波對人體所造成之影響日趨受到重視，使得各生醫研究單位積極投入探討人體與電磁波間之交互作用，以及其所造成之影響。
　　再者，植入式生醫裝置可非常廣泛地被應用。將多功能生醫裝置植入人體，以傳輸各種生理檢測資訊，或對器官、組織進行刺激、控制，未來更可發展植入式藥物釋放系統，為慢性病患、罕見疾病患者、美容業者提供更方便舒適的選擇。
　　結合無線射頻技術運用於植入式生醫裝置，可利用RF提供植入式裝置能量來源、並控制回饋參數，提供即時且準確之生理訊息，拓寬了無線生醫裝置應用發展範圍。
　　本研究主要探討以運用時域有限差分法（FDTD）建立之人體電磁場模型，模擬人體在不同RF頻段設定下傳輸射頻能量時，體內外SAR值大小與分布，用於評估選擇植入式無線生醫裝置之植入部位，以得到最佳之接收效率。

The radio frequency system has been broadly applied in our daily life. The applications include electronic wallet, personnel management, personal identification, and many others. As the mobile phone stations send out electromagnetic waves which may cause damages to human body, many research organizations have conducted relative researches to find out the interactive function between human body and electromagnetic waves.
　　Moreover, implantable bio-medical devices may be extensively applied. Multi- functional bio-medical devices can be planted into a human body to transfer physiological information, or to stimulate organs and tissues. The implantable bio-medical devices may be further developed as an medicine release system, which can offer better choices to chronic patients, rare disease patients, and cosmetology.
　　Radio frequency technology can be built into an implantable bio-medical device to provide the device energy, to transmit the feedback signals and parameters, and to send out the instant and accurate physiological information. This will broaden the applications of RF-built bio-medical devices.
    The research in this thesis is conducted through simulating the SAR distribution of a human body under various radio frequencies. The electric magnetic field model for a human body is set up and the FDTD method is applied. The results can be used to decide the most proper positions in a human body for an implantable bio-medical device to reach the best efficiency of RF receiving.

目錄
目錄	V
圖目錄	VIII
表目錄	IX
第一章　研究動機與目的	1
1-1、研究動機	1
1-2、研究目的	4
第二章　文獻回顧	5
2-1、植入式生醫裝置相關研究	5
2-2、時域有限差分法（FDTD）之相關研究	8
2-3、植入裝置與部位	14
2-4、無線植入式生醫裝置之熱影響	18
第三章　研究方法	23
3-1、時域有限差分法	23
3-1-1、基本概念	24
3-1-2、激發源的處理	25
3-1-3、吸收邊界條件（Absorbing Boundary Condition）	27
3-2、人體電磁模型	30
第四章　實驗設計與分析	32
4-1、實驗設計方法	32
4-2、實驗模擬規劃	34
4-2-1、天線位置、方向佈置示意圖	36
4-2-2、實驗規劃	37
4-3、General Factorial Design	39
第五章　實驗結果與討論	40
5-1、評估皮膚組織Peak SAR發生位置	41
5-1-1、天線置於頭部上方	41
5-1-2、天線置於胸部前方	43
5-2、探討常見生醫裝置植入部位，是否適合無線生醫裝置	46
5-3、電磁波對人體組織之熱效應	50
第六章　結論與未來展望	52
6-1、結論	52
6-2、未來展望	53
參考文獻	54
附錄	57
天線置於頭部上方-皮膚組織SAR值	57
天線置於頭部上方-腦脊液蛋白組織SAR值	58
天線置於頭部上方-水晶體組織SAR值	59
天線置於胸前-皮膚組織SAR值	60
天線置於胸前-腦脊液蛋白組織SAR值	61
天線置於胸前-水晶體組織SAR值	62
天線置於頭部上方-皮膚組織之殘差-常態機率圖	64
天線置於頭部上方-腦脊液蛋白組織之殘差-常態機率圖	64
天線置於頭部上方-水晶體組織之殘差-常態機率圖	65
天線置於胸前-皮膚組織之殘差-常態機率圖	65
天線置於胸前-腦脊液蛋白組織之殘差-常態機率圖	66
天線置於胸前-水晶體組織之殘差-常態機率圖	66

圖目錄
圖2-1　BION計畫之植入式生醫裝置..................................................7
圖2-2　常用之植入裝置與部位分布圖.................................................14
圖2-3　心臟起博器系統.................................................15
圖2-4　植入式耳蝸刺激系統.................................................16
圖2-5　視網膜取代系統.................................................17
圖2-6　植入式裝置可能造成人體組織升溫之因素概要圖................20
圖2-7　人體頭部模型與發射線圈示意圖.................................................20
圖2-8　眼球組織升溫分布圖.................................................21
圖2-9　眼球各組織升溫程度.................................................21
圖3-1　FDTD電磁場計算時間步階圖.................................................24
圖4-1　天線位置、方向佈置示意圖.................................................36
圖5-1　天線置於頭部上方Peak SAR發生位置分布圖.................................................42
圖5-2　天線置於胸部前方Peak SAR發生位置分布圖.................................................44
圖5-3　常用之植入裝置與部位分布圖.................................................46
圖5-4　植入式無線生醫裝置植入部位分布圖.................................................47

表目錄
表5-1　天線置於頭部上方-人體皮膚組織之Peak SAR值與發生位置.................................................41
表5-2　天線置於胸前-人體皮膚組織之Peak SAR值與發生位置.................................................43
表5-3　四種植入方式、六種部位人體皮膚組織之Peak SAR值.................................................48
表5-4　六種部位加總積分與排名.................................................49
表5-5　腦脊液蛋白與水晶體組織升溫程度.................................................51

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