順向坡的特性是具順層的結構，且因受到層間之錯動(bedding shear)常存在層間摩擦剪動的「泥縫(seam)」，其被蹍碎後的顆粒常比上下母岩更細微化或成黏土等級，因此其摩擦角常又比原來母岩更低、且更易吸水。因此，本文主要以兩片粗糙花崗岩面對夾層砂顆粒材料進行磨碎試驗，目的是在探討砂土顆粒材料受剪後顆粒大小、形狀、級配與顆粒間距離分佈特性之改變與產生細粒料(小於#200)的量變化。
結果得致下列主要結論：(1) 本文自製的簡易型梳尺儀可用以量測岩面粗糙度，以利計算JRC。係採用108根直徑0.88 mm測釘排列於兩片鐵片中，再置放於花崗岩粗糙面上量測高程，量測後拍照各測釘高度投影剖面匯入繪圖軟體，標定基準線，可連接108個高程點即可繪出岩面剖面，並計算其JRC值。文中亦使用手機結合新式顯微鏡，可將手機顯微鏡應用於觀察砂顆粒細粒化後之形狀。 (2) 施加正向應力階段，顆粒就會破碎使粒徑變小，但粒徑尚皆大於#200尺寸；粒徑小於#200的細粒料則是在受剪後隨著剪動位移才變多。因在層間受剪破碎愈來愈小，故其整體抗剪摩擦角將漸低。 (3) 夾層顆粒於低正應力(

Consequent slope is a smooth layer structure and because by the bedding shear between the layers, there is often present interlayer friction shear move called "seam", which the particle broken after often than upper and lower rock more or a level of fine clay, so often surpasses the original rock friction angle lower and more absorbent.Therefore, this paper mainly two rough granite face sandwich sand particulate material grinding test, the purpose is to explore the distribution characteristics of sand particulate material change of distance between the after shear particle size, shape, gradation and fine particles produced by the amount of material (less than #200) change.
The results obtained to the following main conclusions:(1) Simple homemade comb foot instrument used to measure the surface roughness of the rock, in order to facilitate the calculation JRC. 108 diameter 0.88 mm using soil nails arranged in two iron sheet, and then placed in a granite surface roughness measuring height, measured after each soil nail pictures sectional height of the projector into graphics software, calibration baseline, 108 soil nails can be connected elevation points to draw a cross-section of rock face, and calculate the value of JRC. The paper also use the new handsets combined with the microscope, the microscope can phone the shape of fine sand particles are applied after the observation.(2) Stress is applied to the positive phase, the particles will be broken so that the particle size becomes smaller, but still larger than in particle size # 200; fine aggregate size of less than #200 is in the shear with only dynamic displacement increases. Because the interlayer shear crushing smaller and smaller, so the overall shear angle of friction will gradually lower.(3) Interlayer particles under low normal stress (

目錄
目錄	I
表目錄	III
圖目錄	IV
第一章  緒論	1
1.1 研究動機與目的	1
1.2 研究方法	5
1.3 研究架構與內容	6
第二章  文獻回顧	7
2.1 顆粒破碎	7
2.2 顆粒材料剪力強度之影響因素	8
2.2.1 粒徑大小之影響	8
2.2.2 顆粒形狀之影響	9
2.3 碎形維度之概念	10
2.3.1 單一顆粒之碎形維度	10
2.3.2 顆粒級配之碎形維度	11
2.3.3 顆粒群堆疊之碎形維度	13
第三章  試驗配置與規劃	21
3.1 試驗儀器	21
3.1.1 直接剪力試驗儀	21
3.1.2 監測系統	21
3.1.3 儀器校正	22
3.2 試驗材料基本性質試驗	27
3.3 圍岩粗糙面之起伏程度	30
3.4 夾層砂顆粒之直接剪力試驗	38
3.4.1 試驗內容	38
第四章  試驗結果與分析	51
4.1 試驗之可重複性測試	51
4.2夾層顆粒重複受剪後剪應力-剪位移曲線之累積改變	59
4.3 顆粒粒徑與尖峰摩擦角之關係	61
4.4 夾層顆粒受剪後之大小變化	75
第五章 顆粒受剪後形狀與級配碎形維度之演化	84
5.1 本文砂土受剪後之形狀改變	84
5.1.1 手機顯微鏡之開發	84
5.2 顆粒級配之碎形維度	103
5.2.1 夾層砂粒受剪後級配碎形維度分析結果	104
第六章  兩兩顆粒間距離分佈特性	114
6.1 雙點相關維度之意義	114
6.2 夾層砂顆粒受剪後排列變化	117
6.3 夾層顆粒堆疊試驗之重複性檢視	119
6.4 受剪後夾層顆粒之排列變化	122
6.5 受剪夾層顆粒排列之雙點相關維度變化	138
第七章  結論與建議	174
7.1 結論	174
7.2 建議	175

 
表目錄
表1.1 台灣近年重大順向坡滑動災害與地質因素(紀宗吉,2010)	3
表1.2 國道3號順向坡滑動場址岩性剪力強度參數(交通部,2011)	3
表3.1 本文所使用No.201砂之基本性質	28
表3.2 顆粒反覆受剪動後各種粒徑之重量(g)比較(

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