H.264/AVC是目前已發展完成並且壓縮率最高的視訊編碼標準，它支援Intra_16×16、Intra_4×4的亮度區塊(Luminance)及Intra_8×8的色彩區塊(Chrominance)做畫面內預測編碼。H.264/AVC利用相鄰的畫素間的相關性，以減少I畫面的資料量，以達到壓縮目的。
這些區塊對於所有可能的預測模式，逐一的運算會增加龐大的計算量。因此為了要降低畫面內預測編碼的運算複雜度，本論文提出H.264/AVC畫面內預測編碼快速模式決策機制降低編碼所需的時間。本論文所提出的演算法主要是針對4×4亮度區塊，可以達成目的而不必逐一計算九種模式的預測。實驗的結果顯示，本論文所提出的演算法，可以有效地降低運算複雜度，同時也可以維持畫面品質。

H.264/AVC video coding standard is the newest and most efficient coding standard currently available. H.264/AVC enables Intra_4×4, Intra_16×16 for luminance (Luminance) blocks and Intra_8×8 for chrominance (Chrominance) blocks intra prediction. H.264/AVC utilizes the relationship between neighboring pixels to reduce data in I frames so as to reach the goal of compression.
It increases a lot of computational loading to calculate each possible prediction mode for every intra block. For reducing the computational complexity of intra prediction, we propose a Fast Intra Prediction Mode Decision Algorithm for H.264/AVC standard to save the time for intra prediction. The main idea of the algorithm we proposed is to reach the goal of Intra_4×4 without full calculating of all the 9 possible prediction modes. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only reduce the computing complexity effectively, but also maintain the video quality at the same time.

目錄

中文摘要.....................................................I
英文摘要....................................................Ⅱ
目錄........................................................Ⅲ
圖目錄......................................................Ⅵ
表目錄......................................................Ⅷ
第一章	 緒論.................................................1
1.1	前言...................................................1
1.2	研究動機...............................................2
1.3	論文架構...............................................3
第二章	 視訊壓縮標準簡介.....................................4
2.1視訊壓縮簡介...........................................4
2.2 H.264/AVC視訊壓縮標準簡介.......................6
		2.2.1 色彩取樣.........................................9
2.2.2 H.264/AVC影像格式階層架構.......................11
2.2.3 Slice的編碼模式...................................13	
2.2.4畫面間預測(Inter Prediction) .........................16
2.2.5 離散餘弦轉換(Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT) ...18
2.2.6量化(Quantization) ..............................20
2.2.7 Zigzag掃瞄（Zigzag Scan）.......................23
2.2.8 Entropy Coding..................................24
2.2.9 去區塊濾波器（De-blocking Filter）...................25
第三章	 畫面內預測編碼......................................26
3.1 Intra_4×4..............................................27
3.2 Intra_16×16............................................36
3.3 Intra_8×8............................................38
3.4畫面內預測模式標誌....................................39
第四章	 畫面內預測編碼快速模式決策演算法....................40
4.1畫面內預測編碼的重要特性..............................41
4.2畫面內預測編碼快速模式決策機制........................42
第五章	 模擬結果與討論......................................49
5.1 環境參數與所使用的視訊樣本 ..........................49
5.2 運用快速畫面內預測模式決策演算法之效果...............51
第六章	 結論與未來展望......................................56
6.1 結論.................................................56
6.2 未來展望.............................................56

參考文獻.................................................58














圖目錄

圖2.1 H.264/AVC編碼器........................................8
圖2.2 H.264/AVC解碼器........................................8
圖2.3 YCbCr 4:2:0、4:2:2及4:4:4取樣模式........................10
圖2.4 一個	巨區塊YCbCr4:2:0示意圖...........................11
圖2.5巨區塊分割示意圖.......................................12
圖2.6 8×8 區塊分割示意圖.....................................12
圖2.7 SI slice.................................................14
圖2.8 SP slice................................................15
圖2.9 多重參考畫面移動向量示意圖.............................17
圖2.10 適用於8×8區塊Frame與Field編碼的Zigzag掃瞄...........23
圖2.11 適用於4×4區塊Frame與Field編碼的Zigzag掃瞄...........24
圖3.1標示預測區塊的畫素.....................................28
圖3.2標示編碼區塊及相鄰的區塊...............................28
圖3.3 Intra_4×4的9種預測模式的方向...........................29
圖3.4 標示4×4區塊的X、Y軸................................30
圖3.5採取畫面內預測編碼的4×4 區塊..........................35
圖3.6預測區塊及相對應的SAE值.............................35
圖3.7 Intra_16×16的四種預測模式..............................36
圖3.8 Intra_16×16 及相鄰畫素..................................37
圖3.9 Intra_16×16四種預測模式及SAE值.......................37
圖4.1 兩個方向的Sobel Operators...............................41
圖4.2 Intra_4×4 八種預測模式的方向............................41
圖4.3畫面內預測編碼區塊.....................................43
圖4.4 優先預測的模式........................................44
圖4.5 Intra_4×4快速模式決策流程圖............................47
圖4.6 45度角判斷決策........................................48
圖 5.1 測試編碼的視訊串流....................................50
圖 5.2 QP=28時，不同畫面內預測編碼演算法之編碼後畫面比較.....54











表目錄

表 2.1 量化表...............................................21
表 2.2 相對位置的後續刻度因素 (Post-scaling Factor, PF)...........22
表 5.1 各個視訊串流的畫面張數................................49
表 5.2 實驗數據結果..........................................52
表 5.3 FIPMDA與Pan’s Method之比較..........................55

參考文獻

[1]	I. E.G. Richardson, H.264 and MPEG-4 video compression, Wiley, 2003.
[2]	郭其昌/工研院電通所, “H.264先進視訊編解碼標準”, http://www.dvo.org.tw/publication/20050403.html
[3]	I. E. G. Richardson, “H.264/MPEG-4 part-10 White Paper,” http://www.vcodex.com , 2002.
[4]	B. Meng and O. C. Au, “Fast intra-prediction mode selection for 4×4 blocks in H.264,” in Proceedings of 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 3, pp. 389-392, 2003.
[5]	B. Meng, and O. C. Au, C.-W. Wong, and H.-K. Lam, “Efficient intra-prediction algorithm in H.264,” in Proceedings of 2003 International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 3, pp. 837-840, 2003. 
[6]	F. Pan, X. Lin, S. Rahardja etc. “Fast intra mode decision algorithm for H.264/AVC video coding,” in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 781-784, 2004.
[7]	Gang-yi Jiang, Shi-ping Li, Mei Yu, Fu-cui Li, “An efficient fast mode selection for intra prediction,” in Proceedings of IEEE Int. Workshop for VLSI Design & Video Tech, pp. 257-360, 2005
[8]	T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaard, and A. Luthra, “Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 560-576, 2003.
[9]	C. G. Rafael,  E. W. Richard, Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall, 2002
[10]	Mathias Wien,“Variable block-size transforms for H.264/AVC,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13,   no. 7, pp. 604-613, 2003.
[11]	Markus Flierl and Bernd Girod, “Generalized B pictures and the draft H.264/AVC video-compression standard,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 587-597, 2003.
[12]	“Study of final committee draft of joint video specification (ITU-T Rec. H.264|ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC),” JVT-F100, 6th Meeting; Awaji Island, JP, 5-13 December, 2002 advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services, ITU-T Recommendation H.264, 2003.
[13]	Joint Video Team (JVT), Reference Software JM9.0, http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/download/