供應鏈整合在產業間日趨重要，為了提高整體通路的利益，製造商提出許多優惠方案以提高零售商的訂購量，例如: 退貨政策、數量折扣…等。文獻記載早在西元1932年已經有書商開始接受退貨政策，並在西元1995年大學的教科書退貨比例已經達到40%。如果能善加利用退貨政策以及數量折扣，將不只能提升整體利益並能達到效能提升。
　　本研究考慮需求不確定性建構出以下四種模型，1.未整合模型 2.零售商預期利潤 3.數量折扣 4.數量折扣以及退貨政策。本研究藉由這四種模型探討製造商和零售商在不同政策下利潤的變化

The channel coordination has been more and more important in the industries. In order to rise the channel coordination profits, the manufacturer need to supply more schemes to attract retailer to increase his stocking level. The studies referenced that the booksellers implemented the return policy at 1932. In 1995, the return ratio of college textbook had already reached 40%. We can not only improve the channel profits but also the channel efficiency if we use the return policy and quantity discount correctly.

    This research constructs four models by considering demand uncertainty. 1. Uncoordinated model. 2. The retailer’s minimum expected profit. 3. Quantity discount. 4. Return policy and quantity discount. Through the analysis of these four models, we can calculate the change of profit among these policies.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	I
TABLE CONTENT	IV
LIST OF FIGURE	VI
LIST OF TABLE	VII

CHAPTER

I.　INTRODUCTION	1
1.1　 Background and Motivation	1
1.2　 Research purpose	4
1.3　 Research framework	5

II.　 LITERACTURE RIVIEW	6
2.1　 Supply chain coordination	6
2.2　 Return policy literacture	8
2.3　 Quantity duscount	13

III.　MODEL DEVELOPMENT	15
3.1　 The case of Uncoordinated model	16
3.2　 The case of Retailer’s minimum expected profit	18
3.3　 The case of quantity discount	20
3.3　 The case of quantity discount and return policy	24

IV.　NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT	29
4.1　 The case of the uncoordination	29
4.2　 The case of the quantity discount	30
4.3　 The case of the quantity discount and return policy	32

V.　CONCLUSION	34
REFERENCES	35

Figure
1.1Return policy procedure......................................................................................2
1.2Research framework of research.........................................................................5
2.1Flow of Payments in a Manufacturer-retailer System......................................10
2.2   The structure of the supply chain with e-marketplace......................................11
2.3Impact of the selling price on optimal order quantity and optimal buyback price..................................................................................................................12
2.4 Impact of the wholesale price on optimal order quantity and optimal buyback price..................................................................................................................12
4.1 The equilibriun for the different calue of α.......................................................31

LIST OF TABLE
Table
4.1 The equilibriun for the different calue of α.......................................................30
4.2   The equilibrium in the case of buyback price...................................................32

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