本論文提出一種使用T-S模糊小腦模型控制器實現PEM燃料電池最大功率追蹤控制。T-S模糊小腦模型(T-S CMAC)的設計來自於PDC控制增益和權重值組合成一個個別的單一向量擴充與T-S模糊理論和CMAC理論相似。此控制器有以下優點：
一、使用LMI求解出控制增益，故可以提升CMAC初始權重的準確性。 
二、 LMI引用自適應能力的CMAC設計，允許有時變參數在系統中。 
三、可以快速並且反覆的學習修正控制量。
    由結果可得知T-S模糊小腦模型(T-S CMAC)可以有效的達成最大功率追蹤之目的，提升燃料電池之效能，減少能源的損耗。

This paper presents a T-S CMAC controller implement PEM fuel cell maximum power tracking control. T-S CMAC is designed from the PDC control gain and weight values combined into a single vector of individual expansion with T-S fuzzy theory
and CMAC theory of similarity. The controller has the following advantages i.) Using LMI solved control gain and it can improve the accuracy of the CMAC initial weight.
ii.) LMI quote adaptive ability design the CMAC that allows time-varying parameters in the system. iii.) Can quickly and repeatedly learning correction amount of control. From the results T-S CMAC can effectively accomplish the purpose of the maximum power point tracking. Improve the effectiveness of fuel cells and can reduce energy consumption.

Contents
Abstract in Chinese I
Abstract in English II
Contents III
List of Figures VI
List of Tables VIII
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 Fuzzy System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.2 Linear Matrix Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.3 Cerebellar model articulation controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Problem Formulation and Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Organization of Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 PEM fuel cell system characteristics 8
2.1 Type of the fuel cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.1 Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.4 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.5 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.6 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 PEM fuel cell framework and principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.1 Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2 Anode catalyst layer (hydrogen side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.3 Cathode catalyst layer (oxygen side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2.4 Bipolar flow field plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 PEM fuel cell polarization curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.1 Voltage feedback method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.2 Power Feedback method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.3 Actual Measurement method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.4.4 Linear Approximation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.5 Perturb and Observation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4.6 Incremental Conductance method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3 PEM Fuel Cell Power Control System 24
3.1 System Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 Boost Converter Dynamic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.1 DC-DC Boost Converter Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2.2 Averaging Method of One Time Scale Discontinuous System . . 27
3.2.3 Mathematical Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Algorithm for the Incremental Resistance Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller 35
4.1 Nominal Tracking Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2 Overall Controller Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.3 Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller with T-S Fuzzy Model . . . . 41
5 Numerical Simulations 46
5.1 Parameters of System Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.2 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6 Conclusions 51
References 52

List of Figures
1.1 Energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell and the thermal power. . . 2
2.1 PEM fuel cell chemical reaction process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 The equivalent circuit of a PEMFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 Perturb and Observation method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.6 Incremental Conductance method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1 PEMFC power generation control system block diagram. . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Structure of DC-DC Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3 (a)continuous conduct mode (b)discontinuous conduct mode . . . . . . 26
3.4 MOSFET turn-on condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.5 MOSFET turn-off condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.6 PEM fuel cell P-I characteristic curve maximum power point tracking
schematic diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.7 Incremental resistance method maximum power current search flowchart. 33
3.8 Fixed pressure at 0.5(atm) and temperature changes in P-I characteristic
curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.9 Fixed pressure at 0.5(atm) and temperature changes in V-I characteristic
curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.1 CMAC basic structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2 CMAC separate each input to each memory region . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3 CMAC structure with T-S fuzzy model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.1 Reference current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.2 DC-DC boost converter inductor current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3 Current error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.4 PEM fuel cell output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.5 PEM fuel cell output power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

List of Tables
2.1 Comparison of various fuel cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.1 Parameter of PEM Fuel Cell System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.2 Parameter of DC-DC Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

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