系統識別號 | U0002-1807201314471300 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2013.00676 |
論文名稱(中文) | 使用T-S CMAC 之質子交換膜燃料電池最大功率追蹤控制 |
論文名稱(英文) | Maximum Power Point Tracking for the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell via T-S CMAC Control |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 電機工程學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 101 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 102 |
研究生(中文) | 林舁曜 |
研究生(英文) | Yu-Yao Lin |
學號 | 600460264 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 英文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2013-06-27 |
論文頁數 | 55頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
劉寅春
委員 - 江東昇 委員 - 邱謙松 |
關鍵字(中) |
質子交換膜燃料電池 最大功率追蹤 T-S模糊 線性矩陣不等式 小腦模型控制器 |
關鍵字(英) |
PEM fuel cell Maximum power point tracking T-S fuzzy Linear matrix inequalities CMAC |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
本論文提出一種使用T-S模糊小腦模型控制器實現PEM燃料電池最大功率追蹤控制。T-S模糊小腦模型(T-S CMAC)的設計來自於PDC控制增益和權重值組合成一個個別的單一向量擴充與T-S模糊理論和CMAC理論相似。此控制器有以下優點: 一、使用LMI求解出控制增益,故可以提升CMAC初始權重的準確性。 二、 LMI引用自適應能力的CMAC設計,允許有時變參數在系統中。 三、可以快速並且反覆的學習修正控制量。 由結果可得知T-S模糊小腦模型(T-S CMAC)可以有效的達成最大功率追蹤之目的,提升燃料電池之效能,減少能源的損耗。 |
英文摘要 |
This paper presents a T-S CMAC controller implement PEM fuel cell maximum power tracking control. T-S CMAC is designed from the PDC control gain and weight values combined into a single vector of individual expansion with T-S fuzzy theory and CMAC theory of similarity. The controller has the following advantages i.) Using LMI solved control gain and it can improve the accuracy of the CMAC initial weight. ii.) LMI quote adaptive ability design the CMAC that allows time-varying parameters in the system. iii.) Can quickly and repeatedly learning correction amount of control. From the results T-S CMAC can effectively accomplish the purpose of the maximum power point tracking. Improve the effectiveness of fuel cells and can reduce energy consumption. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
Contents Abstract in Chinese I Abstract in English II Contents III List of Figures VI List of Tables VIII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.1 Fuzzy System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.2 Linear Matrix Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1.3 Cerebellar model articulation controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Problem Formulation and Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 Organization of Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 PEM fuel cell system characteristics 8 2.1 Type of the fuel cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.1 Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.4 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.5 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.6 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.2 PEM fuel cell framework and principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.2.1 Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2.2 Anode catalyst layer (hydrogen side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2.3 Cathode catalyst layer (oxygen side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2.4 Bipolar flow field plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.3 PEM fuel cell polarization curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.4.1 Voltage feedback method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.4.2 Power Feedback method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.4.3 Actual Measurement method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.4.4 Linear Approximation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.4.5 Perturb and Observation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.4.6 Incremental Conductance method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3 PEM Fuel Cell Power Control System 24 3.1 System Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.2 Boost Converter Dynamic Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2.1 DC-DC Boost Converter Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2.2 Averaging Method of One Time Scale Discontinuous System . . 27 3.2.3 Mathematical Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.3 Algorithm for the Incremental Resistance Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller 35 4.1 Nominal Tracking Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.2 Overall Controller Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.3 Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller with T-S Fuzzy Model . . . . 41 5 Numerical Simulations 46 5.1 Parameters of System Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.2 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6 Conclusions 51 References 52 List of Figures 1.1 Energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell and the thermal power. . . 2 2.1 PEM fuel cell chemical reaction process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.2 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.4 The equivalent circuit of a PEMFC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5 Perturb and Observation method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.6 Incremental Conductance method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.1 PEMFC power generation control system block diagram. . . . . . . . . 25 3.2 Structure of DC-DC Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.3 (a)continuous conduct mode (b)discontinuous conduct mode . . . . . . 26 3.4 MOSFET turn-on condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.5 MOSFET turn-off condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 3.6 PEM fuel cell P-I characteristic curve maximum power point tracking schematic diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.7 Incremental resistance method maximum power current search flowchart. 33 3.8 Fixed pressure at 0.5(atm) and temperature changes in P-I characteristic curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.9 Fixed pressure at 0.5(atm) and temperature changes in V-I characteristic curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.1 CMAC basic structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.2 CMAC separate each input to each memory region . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.3 CMAC structure with T-S fuzzy model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.1 Reference current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.2 DC-DC boost converter inductor current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5.3 Current error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.4 PEM fuel cell output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.5 PEM fuel cell output power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 List of Tables 2.1 Comparison of various fuel cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.1 Parameter of PEM Fuel Cell System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.2 Parameter of DC-DC Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 |
參考文獻 |
[1] L. Zadeh, “Fuzzy sets,” Information and control, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 338–353, 1965. [2] R. Isermann, “On fuzzy logic applications for automatic control, supervision, and fault diagnosis,” Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 221–235, 1998. [3] F. S. Lin, “Integral fuzzy control and application on power converter,” Master’s thesis, CYCU, 2003. [4] T. Takagi and M. Sugeno, “Fuzzy identification of system and its applications to modelling and control,” IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cyber, vol. 15, pp. 116–132, 1985. [5] K. Tanaka and M. Sugeno, “Stability analysis and design of fuzzy control systems,” Fuzzy sets and systems, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 135–156, 1992. [6] S. Boyd, L. El Ghaoui, E. Feron, and V. Balakrishnan, Linear matrix inequalities in system and control theory. Society for Industrial Mathematics, 1994, vol. 15. [7] M. Dargahi, M. Rezanejad, J. Rouhi, and M. Shakeri, “Maximum power point tracking for fuel cell in fuel cell/battery hybrid systems,” in Multitopic Conference, 2008. INMIC 2008. IEEE International. IEEE, 2008, pp. 33–37. [8] V. Di Dio, D. La Cascia, R. Liga, and R. Miceli, “Integrated mathematical model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack (pemfc) with automotive synchronous electrical power drive,” in Electrical Machines, 2008. ICEM 2008. 18th Interna- tional Conference on, sept. 2008, pp. 1 –6. [9] J. Jia, Y. Wang, Q. Li, Y. Cham, and M. Han, “Modeling and dynamic characteristic simulation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell,” Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 283–291, 2009. [10] P. Buasri and Z. Salameh, “An electrical circuit model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (pemfc),” in Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE. IEEE, 2006, pp. 6–pp. [11] C. Wang, M. H. Nehrir, and S. R. Shaw, “Dynamic models and model validation for pem fuel cells using electrical circuits,” Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 442–451, 2005. [12] A. Tariq and J. Asghar, “Development of microcontroller-based maximum power point tracker for a photovoltaic panel,” in Power India Conference, 2006 IEEE. IEEE, 2006, pp. 5–pp. [13] N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, and M. Vitelli, “Optimization of perturb and observe maximum power point tracking method,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 963–973, 2005. [14] S. K. Kollimalla and M. K. Mishra, “Adaptive perturb & observe mppt algorithm for photovoltaic system,” in Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), 2013 IEEE. IEEE, 2013, pp. 42–47. [15] Z. dan Zhong, H. bo Huo, X. jian Zhu, G. yi Cao, and Y. Ren, “Adaptive maximum power point tracking control of fuel cell power plants,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 176, no. 1, pp. 259 – 269, 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775307024172 [16] T.-Y. Kim, H.-G. Ahn, S. K. Park, and Y.-K. Lee, “A novel maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic power system under rapidly changing solar radiation,” in Industrial Electronics, 2001. Proceedings. ISIE 2001. IEEE International Symposium on, vol. 2. IEEE, 2001, pp. 1011–1014. [17] H. Kumar and R. Tripathi, “Simulation of variable incremental conductance method with direct control method using boost converter,” in Engineering and Systems (SCES), 2012 Students Conference on. IEEE, 2012, pp. 1–5. [18] Y. Yusof, S. H. Sayuti, M. Abdul Latif, and M. Z. C. Wanik, “Modeling and simulation of maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic system,” in Power and Energy Conference, 2004. PECon 2004. Proceedings. National. IEEE, 2004, pp. 88–93. [19] N. A. Ahmed and A. Al-Othman, “Photovoltaic system with voltage-based maximum power point tracking using support vector machine,” in Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2010 the 5th IEEE Conference on. IEEE, 2010, pp. 2264–2269. [20] E. Koutroulis, K. Kalaitzakis, and N. C. Voulgaris, “Development of a microcontroller-based, photovoltaic maximum power point tracking control system,” Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 46–54, 2001. [21] R. Gules, J. De Pellegrin Pacheco, H. L. Hey, and J. Imhoff, “A maximum power point tracking system with parallel connection for pv stand-alone applications,” Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2674–2683, 2008. [22] D. Shmilovitz, “Photovoltaic maximum power point tracking employing load parameters,” in Industrial Electronics, 2005. ISIE 2005. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on, vol. 3. IEEE, 2005, pp. 1037–1042. [23] Z. Yan, L. Fei, Y. Jinjun, and D. Shanxu, “Study on realizing mppt by improved incremental conductance method with variable step-size,” in Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2008. ICIEA 2008. 3rd IEEE Conference on. IEEE, 2008, pp. 547–550. [24] C.-S. Lin and C.-T. Chiang, “Learning convergence of cmac technique,” Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1281–1292, 1997. [25] Y. Kim and F. Lewis, “Optimal design of cmac neural-network controller for robot manipulators,” Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 22–31, 2000. [26] T. Yamamoto, R. Kurozumi, and S. Fujisawa, “A design of cmac based intelligent pid controllers,” in Arti cial Neural Networks and Neural Information Process- ingXICANN/ICONIP 2003. Springer, 2003, pp. 471–478. [27] M. A. H. H. M. J. B. A. P. Ronald F. Mann, John C. Amphlett and P. R. Roberge, “Development and application of a generalised steady-state electrochemical model for a pem fuel cell,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 86(2000), pp. 173–190, 1999. [28] J. Sun and H. Grotstollen, “Averaged modelling of switching power converters: Reformulation and theoretical basis,” in Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1992. PESC'92 Record., 23rd Annual IEEE. IEEE, 1992, pp. 1165–1172. [29] R.-J. Wai and L.-C. Shih, “Design of voltage tracking control for dc–dc boost converter via total sliding-mode technique,” Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2502–2511, 2011. [30] H. O. Wang, K. Tanaka, and M. F. Griffin, “An approach to fuzzy control of nonlinear systems: stability and design issues,” Fuzzy Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 14–23, 1996. |
論文全文使用權限 |
如有問題,歡迎洽詢!
圖書館數位資訊組 (02)2621-5656 轉 2487 或 來信