Bentall procedure是一種置換心瓣時，一起將心瓣、主動脈竇、以及主動脈後端的血管一起更換的技術。因為我們在換至心瓣時，可能因為手術縫合的緣故會造成主動脈竇的消失，所以我們通常會換上人工的對稱型主動脈竇，不過如今也有許多人使用正常型主動脈竇以及無竇型主動脈竇。在本實驗中使用的心瓣為SJM是被發明於1977年，如今還是最多臨床上所使用的機械心瓣，在本實驗中，我們知道不同的邊界條件會造成不同的流動特性，所以我們的目的就是比較sjm心瓣裝置於三種不同的主動脈竇並且利用脈動是流場來模擬人體心臟循環，進而利用dpiv求得在主動脈竇的速度場與渦度場在六種不同的相位中。我們從速度場圖可以觀察到在正常型主動脈竇以及對稱型主動脈竇中可以看到環流產生於竇裡面，並且從心瓣葉片以及環座旁也可以觀察到shear layer的存在，由此我們可以知道不同形狀的主動脈會造成不同的速度場以及窩度場，進而可以更了解機械心瓣是否會對於人體造成不好的影響。

Bentall Procedure is a surgery which simultaneous replacement of a diseased aortic valve, aorta root and ascending aorta. Because when we replacement the aorta valve, the aorta sinus will disappear by suture, so we usually replace the artificial symmetric aorta sinus when we replace the aorta valve. But in the present work, three sinus aorta and aorta without sinus have been considered.SJM is the most popular to use in the clinical. In this study, we know different boundary condition cause different flow characteristic. The aim of this is compare with the SJM valve installed in three different type aorta sinus in the Pulsatile flow, and we use DPIV to take six phase in a cycle. Than we compute the velocity field and vorticity flow in each phase.and we found the three sinus aorta and symmetric sinus aorta have recirculateion flow in the sinus, and the shear layer has been found beside the valve and the valve ring. so we can understand the different of the types of aorta will be different velocity filed and vorticity field, and then we can know if the mechanical heart valve has bed influence for the human?

目錄
第一章緒論	1
1 -1 前言	1
1 -2研究動機與目的	3
1 -3研究程序	4
第二章文獻回顧	5
2 -1 人工心瓣	5
2 -2主動脈竇	7
2 -3 Vorticity(渦度)	7
2 -4 心瓣運作機制	9
第三章實驗設置方法	12
3 -1 體外脈動式循環系統	12
3 -2量測儀器	13
3 -2-1主動脈竇與心瓣	13
3 -2-2 壓力計	14
3 -2-3超音波流量計	14
3 -2-4高速攝影機	15
3 -2-5數位質點影像測速儀(DPIV)	15
3 -3實驗流程	17
3 -3-1實驗環境	17
3 -3-2 實驗步驟	18
第四章結果與討論	20
4 -1心瓣運作機制	20
4 -2 主動脈竇之速度場分析	21
4 -2-1 正常型主動脈竇（three sinus aorta）	22
4 -2-2 對稱型主動脈竇（symmetric aorta）	24
4 -2-3 無竇型主動脈竇（aorta without sinus）	27
4 -3 主動脈竇之渦度場分析	28
4 -3-1 正常型主動脈竇（three sinus aorta）	29
4 -3-2對稱型主動脈竇（symmetric sinus aorta）	31
4 -2-3無竇型主動脈竇（aorta without sinus）	33
4 -4 Compare with three types of aorta	35
第五章結論	45
5 -1 Summary	45
5 -2未來展望	46
文獻回顧	48

圖目錄
圖 1-1 心瓣示意圖	53
圖2-1 球型心瓣	53
圖2-2 單葉型機械心瓣	54
圖2-3：雙葉型機械心瓣[6]	54
圖2-4：三葉型機械心瓣	54
圖2-5：主動脈竇示意圖[1]	55
圖2-6：SJM心瓣放置於正常型主動脈竇示意圖	55
圖 3-1：體外脈動式循環系統	56
圖 3-2：心瓣安裝於主動脈竇示意圖	56
圖3-3：SJM心瓣於正常型主動脈竇放置位置	57
圖 3-4：Millar壓力計	57
圖 3-5：生理壓力計	58
圖 3-6：超音波流量計	58
圖 3-7：高速攝影機	59
圖 3-8：處理器	59
圖 3-9：雷射光束	60
圖3-10：電子耦合攝影機及鏡頭	60
圖3-11：同步儀	61
圖3-11 實驗步驟流程圖	62
圖4-1：正常型主動脈竇壓力波形與流量波形	63
圖4-3：無竇型主動脈竇壓力波形與流量波形圖	64
圖4-4：SJM 心瓣開啟時間	64
圖4-5：心瓣關閉時間	65
圖4-6：The phase average velocity field of three aorta sinus in Fully open phase	66
圖4-7：The phase average velocity field of three aorta sinus in Peak flow phase	66
圖4-8：The phase average velocity field of three aorta sinus in Deceleration phase	67
圖4-9：The phase average velocity field of three aorta sinus in start close phase	67
圖4-10：The phase average velocity of three aorta sinus in fully close phase	68
圖4-11：The phase average velocity of three aorta sinus in non-flow phase	68
圖4-12：The cross-section average velocity of three aorta sinus in fully open phase	69
圖4-13：The cross-section average velocity of three aorta sinus in peak flow phase	69
圖4-14：The cross-section average velocity of three aorta sinus in deceleration phase	70
圖4-15：The cross-section average velocity of three aorta sinus in start close phase	70
圖4-16：The cross-section average velocity of three aorta sinus in Fully close phase	71
圖4-17：The cross-section average velocity of three aorta sinus in non-flow phase	71
圖4-18：The Vorticity field of three aorta sinus in fully open phase	72
圖4-19：The Vorticity field of three aorta sinus in peak flow phase	72
圖4-20：The Vorticity field of three aorta sinus in deceleration phase	73
圖4-21：The Vorticity field of three aorta sinus in start close phase	73
圖4-22：The Vorticity field of three aorta sinus in fully close phase	74
圖4-23：The Vorticity field of three aorta sinus in non-flow phase	74
圖4-24：The phase average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in fully open phase	75
圖4-25：The phase average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in peak phase	75
圖4-26：The phase average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in deceleration phase	76
圖4-27：The phase average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in start close phase	76
圖4-28：The phase average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in fully close phase	77
圖4-29：The phase average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in non-flow phase	77
圖4-30：The cross-section average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in fully open phase	78
圖4-31：The cross-section average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in peak flow phase	78
圖4-32：The cross-section average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in deceleration phase	79
圖4-33：The cross-section average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in start close phase	79
圖4-34：The cross-section average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus In fully close phase	80
圖4-35：The cross-section average velocity field of symmetric aorta sinus in non-flow phase	80
圖4-36：The Vorticity field of symmetric aorta sinus in fully open phase	81
圖4-37：The Vorticity field of symmetric aorta sinus in peak flow phase	81
圖4-38：The Vorticity field of symmetric aorta sinus in deceleration phase	82
圖4-39：The Vorticity field of symmetric aorta sinus in start close phase	82
圖4-40：The Vorticity field of symmetric aorta sinus in fully close phase	83
圖4-41：The Vorticity field of symmetric aorta sinus in non-flow phase	83
圖4-42：The phase average velocity field of aorta without sinus in fully open phase	84
圖4-43：The phase average velocity field of aorta without sinus in peak flow phase	84
圖4-44：The phase average velocity field of aorta without sinus in deceleration phase	85
圖4-45：The phase average velocity field of aorta without sinus in start close phase	85
圖4-46：The phase average velocity field of aorta without sinus in fully close phase	86
圖4-47：The phase average velocity field of aorta without sinus in non-flow phase	86
圖4-48：The cross-section average velocity field of aorta without sinus in fully open phase	87
圖4-49：The cross-section average velocity field of aorta without sinus in peak flow phase	87
圖4-50：The cross-section average velocity field of aorta without sinus in deceleration phase	88
圖4-51：The cross-section average velocity field of aorta without sinus in start close phase	88
圖4-52：The cross-section average velocity field of aorta without sinus in fully close phase	89
圖4-53：The cross-section average velocity field of aorta without sinus in non-flow phase	89
圖4-54：The Vorticity field of aorta without sinus in fully open phase	90
圖4-55：The Vorticity field of aorta without sinus in peak flow phase	90
圖4-56：The Vorticity field of aorta without sinus indeceleration phase	91
圖4-57：The Vorticity field of aorta without sinus in start close phase	91
圖4-58：The Vorticity field of aorta without sinus in fully close phase	92
圖4-59：The Vorticity field of aorta without sinus in non-flow phase	92

表目錄
表4-1：心瓣開啟與關閉時間（單位：ms）93
表4-2：比較心瓣開啟與心瓣關閉時間	93
表4-3：各項位之最大速度與最大渦度值	93

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