由於無線網路技術的大量發展，以及微電子元件的進步、通訊技術的進步，使得無線感測器網路(Wireless  sensor  network)也發展起來。而無線感測器網路中所使用的感測器節點(sensor node)同時具有感測、計算和無線通訊的能力。因此，無線感測器網路的應用也相當地廣泛。
近年來，在無線感測器網路中，定位的議題已經是主要的研究之一，針對定位的議題，本論文提出一個在無線感測器網路中利用移動的參考點之定位機制，此機制主要是利用移動的參考點，再加上全球定位系統(GPS)的輔助，讓未知座標的感測器節點算出自己的座標之後，再透過鄰近的感測器節點將自己的座標資訊傳回基地台(Base station)。透過此一定位機制能算出感測器節點的座標位置，進而讓無線感測器網路可用於追蹤或是有效率傳送資料的應用。

Since the mass development of the wireless network, the advancement in wireless communications and micro-electronics element promote the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The sensor nodes of WSNs have the following abilities such as: sensing, computation, and wireless communication capabilities. Hence, WSNs can be used for various application domains.
Recently, the localization issue in the WSNs has become an important research topic. In this thesis, we propose a location mechanism with mobile reference nodes and Global Positioning System (GPS) to help sensor nodes to calculate the coordinate location information. And then sensor nodes deliver the coordinate location to base station through neighboring sensor nodes.
By using this mechanism, we can calculate the coordinate location of the target sensor nodes. And then we can apply this mechanism to track or transfer data packets in the WSNs efficiently.

目 錄
第一章     緒論..................................................................................-1-
1-1      研究背景.........................................................................................-3-
1-2      研究動機........................................................................... .............-4-
1-3      研究目的.........................................................................................-5-
1-4      論文架構.........................................................................................-6-
第二章     相關技術與研究...............................................................-7-
2-1      全球定位系統(GPS)的介紹.............................................................-7-
2-2      無線電波(Ratio Frequency)的介紹................................................-10-
2-3      無線感測器網路定位方法的介紹.................................................-13-
第三章     利用移動的參考點之定位機制………................................-17-
3-1      定位機制.........................................................................................-17-
3-2      一個參考點的移動方式.................................................................-24-
3-3      二個參考點的移動方式.................................................................-35- 
3-4      三個參考點的移動方式.................................................................-45-
3-5      演算法.............................................................................................-54-
第四章     模擬的結果.................................................................... -58-
4-1      模擬的環境.....................................................................................-58-
    4-2      模擬的結果.....................................................................................-58-
第五章     結論與未來研究方向.....................................................-61-
5-1      結論.................................................................................................-61-
5-2      未來研究方向.................................................................................-61-
參考文獻.......................................................................-63-
附錄一 英文原稿..........................................................-65-
 
圖目錄
圖1   GPS的定位說明..........................................................................................-9-
圖2   計算方式說明…………………………………………….……….............-18-
圖3   (a).固定距離移動(b).變動距離移動............................................................-22-
圖4   (a).固定距離移動(b).變動距離移動…………………….…………...........-23-
圖5   G1的起始位置……………………………………………………….........-24-
圖6   G1在1R上第1次移動……………………………………………...........-25-
圖7   G1在1R上第2次移動……………………………………………….......-26-
圖8   G1在1R上第7次移動……………………………………...........….......-26-
圖9   G1從1R直線向外移動1r的距離…………………………..........….......-27-
圖10  G1在2R上第1次移動…………..............................................................-28-
圖11  G1在2R上第2次移動……………………………………….........….....-28-
圖12  G1在2R上第15次移動……………………………………...........….....-29-
圖13  G1從2R直線向外移動1R的距離…………………………...................-29-
圖14  G1在3R上第1次移動………………………………………..........…....-30-
圖15  G1在3R上第2次移動……………………………………..............…....-31-
圖16  G1在3R上第15次移動…………………………………………............-31-
圖17  G1從3R直線向外移動1r的距離…………………………….................-32-
圖18  G1移動的軌跡……………………………………………….............…....-33-
圖19  G1移動時，將1R,2R,3R,4R的1/8圓分成幾等份…………..................-35-
圖20  G1、G2的起始位置…………………………………….................….......-36-
圖21  G1、G2在1R上第1次移動…………………………..................…........-37-
圖22  G1、G2在1R上第2次移動……………………………..........................-37-
圖23  G1、G2在1R中移動到第7次的情形……………………......................-38-
圖24  G1、G2從1R直線向外移動1R的距離………………….......................-38-
圖25  G1、G2在2R上第1次移動……………………………..........................-39-
圖26  G1、G2在2R上第2次移動………………………………......................-40-
圖27  G1、G2在2R移動到第15次的情形………………………....................-40-
圖28  G1、G2從2R直線向外移動1R的距離……………………...................-41-
圖29  G1、G2在3R上第1次移動…………………………………........…......-42-
圖30  G1、G2在3R上第2次移動………………………………........……......-42-
圖31  G1、G2在3R移動到第31次的情形…………………………................-43-
圖32  G1、G2從3R直線向外移動1R的距離…………………….........…......-43-
圖33  G1、G2、G3的起始位置…………………………………….........….......-46-
圖34  G1、G2、G3在1R上第1次移動………………………….......……......-46-
圖35  G1、G2、G3在1R上第2次移動…………………………….................-47-
圖36  G1、G2、G3在1R上第7次移動...………………………….....................-47-
圖37  G1、G2、G3從1R直線向外移動1R的距離………………..................-48-
圖38  G1、G2、G3在2R上第1次移動……………………………................-49-
圖39  G1、G2、G3在2R上第2次移動………………………………............-49-
圖40  G1、G2、G3在2R上移動到第15次的情形…………………..............-50-
圖41  G1、G2、G3從2R直線向外移動1R的距離………………..................-50-
圖42  G1、G2、G3在3R上第1次移動............................................................-51-
圖43  G1、G2、G3在3R上第2次移動............................................................-52-
圖44  G1、G2、G3在3R上移動第31次的情形..............................................-52-
圖45  G1、G2、G3從3R直線向外移動1R的距離..........................................-53-
圖46  感測半徑範圍在每一R的平均誤差百分比..............................................-59-
圖47  本論文提出的機制與LWMAP的比較......................................................-60-

 
公式目錄
(式 1)………………………………………………………………....................…...-8-
(式 2)…………………………………………………….....................................…-13-
(式 3)………………………………………………........................................…….-15-
(式 4)………………………………………....................................................…….-18-
(式 5)………………………………………………............................................….-19-
(式 6)……………………………………………….................................................-19-
(式 7)……………………………………………….................................................-19-
(式 8)…………………………………………………....................................…….-34-
(式 9)……………………………………………………...................................…..-34-
(式10)……………………………………………….......................................…….-34-
(式11)………………………………………………….......................................….-34-
(式12)………………………………………………..........................................…..-34-
(式13)……………………………………………...............................................….-34-
(式14)…………………………………………………......................................…..-34-
(式15)……………………………………………………...................................….-34-
(式16)……………………………………………………..................................…..-35-
(式17)………………………………………………………....................................-35-
(式18)………………………………………………………....................................-44-
(式19)………………………………………………………...............................….-44-
(式20)……………………………………………………...............................…….-45-
(式21)……………………………………………………...............................…….-45-
(式22)………………………………………………………...............................….-45-
(式23)………………………………………………………...............................….-54-
(式24)………………………………………………………...............................….-54-
(式25)………………………………………………………...............................….-55-
(式26)………………………………………………………...............................….-55-
(式27)………………………………………………………...............................….-55-
(式28)………………………………………………………...............................….-55-
(式29)………………………………………………………...............................….-55-
(式30)………………………………………………………...............................….-55-
 
表目錄
表1 無線電波的頻率頻譜………………………………………………...............-11-
表2 傳送座標封包的格式.......................................................................................-21-
表3 感測半徑範圍不同所做出的結果...................................................................-58-

參考文獻

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