在重視環保及節省能源的時代，現在各國開始廣泛使用LED 燈具, 像LED燈泡，LED 燈管和LED路燈都是使用白光LED當作光源，由於各國使用的輸入電壓皆不相同，因此在製作時需要能夠廣泛應用於各種電壓的白光 LED驅動器就極為重要。
我們介紹研究動機和本論文的結構。首先提出超高壓電壓穩壓器的設計和實現，當使用8V~110V的輸入電壓時，可以產生穩定的6.5V輸出電壓。
具有線電壓補償的白光LED驅動電路的設計和實現，當輸入電壓為110Vac 或220Vac經過整流後的電源時，LED驅動電路可以直接降壓為7V提供給內部控制電路使用，利用外部的電阻偵測LED的電流，使LED 電流可以穩定在395mA，由於電壓需要可以使用在110Vac或220Vac，設計一個針對輸入電壓變異的補償電路，使LED驅動電路在輸入電壓變異大時也能提供LED流過穩定的電流，減少LED平均電流的變異。
LED驅動電路使用模糊控制設計，模糊控制不需要複雜的數學計算，可以利用經驗法則設計出控制方法，使用siumlink設計及模擬LED照明控制系統。最後為結論及未來的研究方向。

In an age where environmental protection and power conservation are prioritized, countries worldwide have begun to employ light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for a wide range of applications. LED bulbs, tubes, and street lights use white LEDs as the light sources. Because input voltage sources used vary in different countries, manufacturing a white LED driver that can be applied to various voltage sources is extremely important.
The motivation of this thesis study and the organization of this thesis are introduced. The design and the implementation of an ultrahigh voltage (UHV) regulator are first introduced that it can generate a stable 6.5 V output voltage when the input voltage operates in 8~110 V range. 
A white LED controller with line compensation capability is designed and fabricated. This integrated circuit (IC) is designed when the input voltage is operated at 110 V or 220 V. In the IC design of this controller circuit a step-down circuit is implemented to convert a given input voltage down to 7 V. An external resistor is included in this IC to detect and maintain the current flowing through the LED at 395 mA. Because the current flowing through an LED lamp needed to be maintained within a small variation range at either 110 or 220 V input voltage, a line compensation circuit is implemented. Since the input voltage has a wide variation range a compensation circuit is designed and exploited to compensate for any input voltage variation and consequently to reduce the possible variation of the average current across the LED. 
The LED lighting is also processed with fuzzy control. Using fuzzy control in the design of LED controller it is not necessary to implement the conventional complicate mathematical operation instead it uses the empirical knowledge of the control process in the decision criterion. It uses the Simulink program to design and simulate the LED lighting control system. 
Finally a conclusion of the dissertation is made and some interesting tasks are proposed for future study.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHINESE ABSTRACT.....................................	I
ENGLISH ABSTRACT.....................................	II
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................	IV
LIST OF FIGURES......................................	VI
LIST OF TABLES.......................................	IX
CHAPTER 1	INTRODUCTION.......................	1
1.1	Study Motivation............................	1
1.2	Organization................................	2
CHAPTER 2	DESIGN OF ULTRA HIGH VOLTAGE REGULATOR.	5
2.1	Introduction................................	5
2.2	CIRCUIT DESIGN..............................	7
2.2.1	Bandgap Voltage Reference Circuit...........	7
2.2.2	Operational Amplifier.......................	13
2.2.3	Bias Circuit................................	18
2.2.4	Ultra High Voltage Regulator Circuit........	20
2.3	Voltage Regulator Measurement Results.......	21
CHAPTER 3	LED CONTROLLER DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR LED LIGHTING.....................................	23
3.1	Introduction................................	23
3.2	CIRCUIT DESIGN..............................	25
3.2.1	Bandgap Voltage Reference Circuit...........	25
3.2.2	Voltage Regulation Circuit..................	28
3.2.3	Oscillator Circuit..........................	31
3.2.4	Current Sensing Circuit.....................	32
3.2.5	Line Compensation Circuit...................	33
3.2.6	Driver Circuit..............................	38
3.3	Circuit Layout..............................	40
3.4	Measured Results............................	40
CHAPTER 4	LED LIGHTING WITH FUZZY CONTROL....	44
4.1	Introduction................................	44
4.2	Proposed design.............................	45
4.2.1	Fuzzy logic control.........................	49
4.3	Simulation Results..........................	57
CHAPTER 5	CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKS.......	67
REFERENCES...........................................	69

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1 (a) LED Bulb (b) LED Tube.................	2
Figure 1-2 The Organization of Chapter Dissertation..	4
Figure 2-1 The architecture of the LDO...............	6
Figure 2-2 The pass element structures...............	7
Figure 2-3 The VBE curve with temperature variation..	8
Figure 2-4 The operation of the bandgap circuit......	8
Figure 2-5 A conventional CMOS bandgap circuit.......	10
Figure 2-6 The proposed Bandgap circuit..............	11
Figure 2-7 The Vref curve with temperature variation.	12
Figure 2-8 The Vref curve with VDD variation.........	12
Figure 2-9 (a) Folded cascode operational amplifier (b) two stage operational amplifier  (c) telescopic operational amplifier............................................	14
Figure 2-10 wide-swing folded cascode operational amplifier............................................16
Figure 2-11 (a) Cascode current mirror and (b) wide-swing cascode current mirror...............................	16
Figure 2-12 The simulated frequency response of the operational amplifier................................	18
Figure 2-13 Bias circuit (a) three MOSFET voltage divider. (b) Threshold reference self-biasing circuit. (c) Beta multiplier referenced self-biasing circuit...........	19
Figure 2-14 The proposed wide swing cascode bias circuit..............................................	20
Figure 2-15 output voltage (Vout) versus temperature.	22
Figure 2-16 input voltage (Vin) versus output voltage (Vout)...............................................	22

Figure 3-1 LED lighting application circuit..........	24
Figure 3-2 Function block of LED controller..........	25
Figure 3-3 Bandgap Voltage Reference Circuit.........	27
Figure 3-4 Voltage Regulation Circuit................	29
Figure 3-5 Input voltage (Vin) versus output voltage (VDD)................................................	30
Figure 3-6 Temperature versus output voltage (VDD)...	30
Figure 3-7 Oscillator Circuit........................	31
Figure 3-8 Simulation result of Oscillator Circuit...	32
Figure 3-9 Current Sensing Circuit...................	33
Figure 3-10 Line Compensation Circuit................	35
Figure 3-11 Switching frequency of LED lighting system (VIN=85Vac ).........................................	36
Figure 3-12 Switching frequency of LED lighting system (VIN=265Vac )........................................	37
Figure 3-13 Simulation result of LED current (ILED) (a) LED current without Line Compensation Circuit, (b) LED current with Line Compensation Circuit.......................	37
Figure 3-14 Simulation result of LED current (ILED) with three corner.........................................	38
Figure 3-15 Driver Circuit...........................	38
Figure 3-16 simulation result of GATE pin............	39
Figure 3-17 The photographic layout of White LED Controller chip.................................................	40
Figure 3-18 Reference voltage (V02) versus temperature..........................................	41
Figure 3-19 Input voltage (VIN) versus LED current (ILED)...............................................	42
Figure 3-20 Waveforms measured at the GATE pin of the load current ILED, with the input voltage connected to the VIN pin: (a) rectified 85 VAC signal used as the input voltage; and (b) rectified 265 VAC signal used as the input voltage..............................................	43
Figure 4-1 LED lighting system with fuzzy control....	45
Figure 4-2 Proposed LED Lighting System..............	46
Figure 4-3 Switch Function of the Proposed LED Lighting System...............................................	47
Figure 4-4 Simulink Diagram of the Proposed Fuzzy Control System...............................................	48
Figure 4-5 Overview of Fuzzy Logic Procedure.........	49
Figure 4-6 (a) Membership Functions of the Input Signal vcs; (b) Membership Functions of the Input Signal s; (c) Membership Functions of the Output vfuzzy with type 1; (d) Membership Functions of the Output vfuzzy with type 2; (e) Membership Functions of the Output vfuzzy with type 3	53
Figure 4-7 3D Surface Viewer of the Fuzzy Control....	55
Figure 4-8 FIS Setup of Simulink.....................	56
Figure 4-9(a) Simulation Result of type1 parameter; (b) Simulation Result of type2 parameter; (c) Simulation Result of type3 parameter...................................	57
Figure 4-10 Simulation Result of 3 LEDs system.......	59
Figure 4-11 Simulation Result of LED current (3 LEDs)	60
Figure 4-11 Switching frequency of 3 LEDs system.....	62
Figure 4-13 Simulation Result of 12 LEDs system......	63
Figure 4-14 Simulation Result of LED current (12 LEDs)................................................	64
Figure 4-15 Switching frequency of 12 LEDs system....	66
 
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 Performance comparison of op-amp topologies.15
Table 3-1 Performance summary of designed White LED Controller chip......................................	43
Table 4-1 Fuzzy Rule Base of type1 with Two Input and Single Output........................................	54
Table 4-2 Fuzzy Rule Base of type3 with Two Input and Single Output........................................	55

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