摘要
   本研究共訪問七對20-35歲有性經驗至少半年的異性戀情侶，使用翻譯後的SSDS問卷及有理論基礎的開放式問題詢問受訪者蒐集資料了解情侶間性自我揭露各個面向的情形及揭露與不揭露之意圖為何，訪談設計為第一次共同訪談，第二、三次訪談則將伴侶分開個別訪談，第四次則以skype線上訪談以核對對受訪者的摘錄內容。

本研究主要目的為： (1)了解情侶在性自我揭露不同的面向 (2)情侶性自我揭露不同的背後意圖差異。另外，本研究也使用了社會心理學領域的交換理論觀點性自我揭露模式去詮釋受訪者主觀經驗，以理解情侶之間性自我揭露機制如何運作做討論。                      
   研究結果： 
所有的受訪戀人在答題比較部分雖然都各有其差異，然而可以一致發現男性相對地受到社會價值觀的影響而去做了一些性自我揭露，如：性責任、性對自己的意義。有些揭露面向則是擔心女友性層面上的滿足，進而關心女友性情緒、對性的喜歡層面，是屬於一種情意上的表示。
  女性雖然受到社會價值觀的影響，在關係中做性自我揭露扮演較被動的角色，形成習慣以肢體語言在性過程中做自我揭露，但在做性自我揭露層面以直接揭露性的不喜歡(sexual dislikes)較多，也比男性期待更以高層次討論的方式去期待談性，此也似乎暗示傳統觀念也許都深植在男性與女性的認知中，然而過去為男性所貼的標籤「男人滿腦子都只是想要性」、「男人只會在性在乎自己的感受」似乎也從此研究中發現並非全都是事實，甚至在此研究中，多位受訪女性堅持自己不想在性層面被物化、期待被尊重，而在性過程中較忽略男性的心理感受及生理需求，有意識的僅在乎自己的心理感受，而有時女性也不自覺的使用性當做關係之間的懲罰。
大多戀人認為唯有性衝突發生才有必要提高性自我揭露的頻率，認為性偏好談過多了反而會讓性成了制式化的可能性(例如：討論性偏好)。多對受訪戀人的比較中，也發現每對戀人會有各自的性衝突，然而有些性衝突發生頻率較高的戀人才有危機的認為在平日就需要去做有意義的性自我揭露。研究者發現戀人之間性衝突，男性應把焦點放在「女性對於性是否有被尊重的感受」，而女性需了解男性對於生理需求部分的「性頻率」是否滿足或是過多。

關鍵字：性自我揭露、性滿意、性親密

Abstract

  This research have extracted the interviews of seven heterosexual couples from the age of 25 to the age of 35, that have had performed some sexual activities for at least half one year, using the translated SSSD survey and the collected information from the open questionnaires based on some theories to understand the conditions of the revelations of their sexual self-disclosure on various facts and their motivation for revelations between lovers. The interviews are designed that the couple attend the first meeting, then separately in the second and third meeting, and the fourth meeting will be done online through Skype and the researcher will examine the extracted content from the interviewees. 
  The purpose of this research is: (1). Understanding different facets within the revelations of their sexual self-disclosure within couples. (2) The different motivation behind the revelations of the couples’ sexual selves. Additionally, this research also utilizes the exchange theory in the field of social psychology to interpret the subjective experiences of the interviewee on his/her sexual revelations in order to comprehend how revelation-mechanism operates between the sexual self-disclosure within couples. 
The research result:
  Even though there’re some differences in the responses of the interviewed couples, however, the consensus is that man comparatively tends to reveal his sexual self-disclosure under the influences of social values, such as sexual responsibilities and the meaning of sex to himself. Some even reveal that they have apprehensions on their girlfriends’ sexual gratifications, and they do care about the sexual emotions and preferences of their girlfriends, that are considered an expression of love from them.
	Despite the fact women are still under the impact of social values, and woman prefer to play the passive part in the revelation of her sexual self-disclosure, habitually revealing her sexual self-disclosure through body languages during sex, and woman seems to reveal more of her sexual dislikes more directly than man does, expecting to discuss sex through a higher level. That seems to suggest that traditional values have been deeply rooted within the perceptions of men and women, however, men used to be tagged with stereotypes like “their brains are full of nothing but sex” or “men only care about how they feel in sex,” but we discover in this research that all those stereotypes aren’t necessarily true. We even discovered that lots of women insisted that they don’t wish to be materialized during sex and they expect to be respected, but they would more likely ignore the mental feelings and physical needs of men during sex, purposely choosing to concentrate on their own mental feelings, thus women sometimes also use sex as punishments in the relationships.
    Most couples think the necessity of revealing one’s sexual self-disclosure is something needed to be done only after the collisions of sex, considering the overabundant discussions could possibly turn sex into fixed formulae (such as the discussion on sexual preference). Through comparisons between lots of interviewed couple, we discovered that each couple have their own collisions of sex, but some collisions of sex happen more frequently among couples who bear the sense of crisis and think it is necessary to do some meaningful daily-life revelations of their sexual self-disclosure. The researcher also discovered that in the collisions of sex, man should put focus on “whether the woman feels respected or not,” and woman ought to understand whether “the frequency of sex” is too much or too little for the man on the basis of man’s physical needs.

Key words: sexual self-disclosure, sexual satisfaction, and sexual intimacy.

目次
第一章  緒論
第一節   研究背景與動機……………………………………………………… 1
第二節   研究目的與問題……………………………………………………… 4
第三節   名詞界定……………………………………………………………… 5
第二章   文獻探討
壹、兩性之間在性本質上差異的討論...................................................................6
貳、性別與自我揭露、性滿意度相關的文獻整理……………………………...6 
第一節   性自我揭露與性滿意度、關係滿意度……………………………….6  
第二節   男女在自我揭露層面上的差異 ...........................................................8
壹、揭露層面的差異…………………………………………………………… ..8
貳、自我揭露面向差異的背後成因：揭露風險的討論………………………...9 
第三節   男女在性層面的知覺差異……………………………………………10
參、可應用在性自我揭露之相關理論探究
第一節   交換理論………………………………………………………………11
第二節   性自我揭露相關理論模式……………………………………………13
肆、國、內外「性自我揭露」研究情形
第一節  國內研究現況…………………………………………………………..18 
第二節  國外文獻回顧整理…………………………………………………… .19
第三章   研究計畫與設計  
第一節   研究取向與方法……………………………………………………  23
第二節   研究程序……………………………………………………………  24 
第三節   研究參與者與研究工具……………………………………………  27
第四節   研究品質控管………………………………………………………  33 
第四章   研究結果與討論
第一節  研究分析………………………………………………………………. 37
第二節　研究結果與討論………………………………………………………..38  
一、問卷答題比較結果…………………………………………………………..39
二、男女性揭露意圖……………………………………………………………..41  
三、受訪戀人比較………………………………………………………………..44
第三節 研究結果延伸討論……………………………………………………….55 
一、性自我揭露理論模式討論…………………………………………………...55
二、性自我揭露理論模式詮釋受訪戀人………………………………………...57  
三、其它研究發現討論………………………………………………………….. 58      
四、總結 ………………………………………………………………………… 72   

第五章  研究建議與限制
第一節  研究建議………………………………………………………………. ..73
壹、實務上可應用之建議………………………………………………………. ..73
貳、對後續相關研究的建議………………………………………………………75
第二節  研究限制………………………………………………………………... 76
參考文獻
一、中文部分……………………………………………………………………....78
二、英文部分……………………………………………………………………....79
附錄一 1-1 訪談大綱(一)………………………………………………………....83
       1-2 訪談大綱(二)………………………………………………………....84
附錄二 性自我揭露問卷(SSDS)…………………………………………………. 85
附錄三 性自我揭露問卷信效度…………………………………………………..89
附錄四 訪談邀請函………………………………………………………………..91
附錄五 訪談同意書………………………………………………………………..93
附錄六 研究日誌…………………………………………………………………..94
附錄七 性自我揭露概念類別……………………………………………………..95
附錄八 受訪戀人量表答題比較…………………………………………………..96
 

表次

表1 各學者對性自我揭露之觀點及研究結果……………………………………..19
表2 正式受訪者相關資料…………………………………………………………..28
表3 每對受訪者的訪談時間………………………………………………………..29
表4-1 第一對受訪戀人比較……………………………………………………… .45
表4-2 第二對受訪戀人比較………………………………………………………..46
表4-3 第三對受訪戀人比較……………………………………………………… .48
表4-4 第四對受訪戀人比較………………………………………………………..49
表4-5 第五對受訪戀人比較……………………………………………………… .51
表4-6 第六對受訪戀人比較………………………………………………………..53
表4-7 第七對受訪戀人比較……………………………………………………… .54
 
圖次
圖1 工具性途徑之性自我揭露與性滿意度的理論模式………………………15
圖2 情感性途徑之性自我揭露與關係滿意度及性滿意度模式………………17
圖3 研究程序……………………………………………………………………25
圖4 研究訪談設計內容…………………………………………………………26
圖5 性自我揭露概念類別………………………………………………………38
圖6 受訪戀人主觀的性酬賞……………………………………………………56
圖7 受訪戀人主觀的性損失……………………………………………………57

參考文獻  

一、中文部分
王瑞霙(2006)。大學生網路／實境間自我揭露與親密關係之探討—以南部地區為例。樹德科技大學人類性學研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
王修曉（譯）（2007）。J.M.Ruane著。研究方法概論。台北：五南。
林蕙瑛(2002)。破解SEX檔案：擁抱美好性愛關係。台北：城邦讀書花園。
林佩璇(2002)。個案研究及其在教育上的應用。載於中正大學主編，質的教育
   研究方法，頁239-262。
林金定、巖嘉楓、陳美花(2005)。質性研究方法：訪談模式與實施步驟分析。身
   心障礙研究，3(2)，122-136.
朱元祥、林燕卿（2008）。性與溝通。台北：幼獅文化。
林美蓉（1995）。寂寞與自我坦露。輔導季刊，31(1)，58-63。
邵宗瑩 (譯) (2003)。約翰．阿姆斯壯著。愛情的條件-親密關係的哲學。台北:麥田
亞當德永(2009)。Slow sex for girl:每個女人都應該教會男人緩慢性愛。台北：十色出版。
陳淑敏(1989)。歸因方式、自我坦露與高中生之寂寞。國立高雄師範大學
教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。
陳錦芳（2006）。交換理論在台灣南部地區異性戀者長期性伴侶的性滿意度與關係滿意度之研究。樹德科技大學人類性學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。
何春蕤（1997）。性/別研究的新視野【下】。台北：元尊文化。
蘇晴（譯）（1994）。John Gray著。男女大不同。台北：生命潛能。
劉海甯、郜世紅(譯)(2003)。Dietrich Schwanitz著。男人是不完美的女人。  台北:商周。
畢恆達（2010）。教授為什麼沒告訴我。台北：小畢空間。
黃慧真、簡麗姿、陳嘉鳳（譯）（2005）。Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Corey。生命抉擇與個人成長。新加波商場湯姆生亞洲私人有限公司台灣分公司。
黃芳田(2001)。R.J.Sternberg著。邱比特的箭。台北：遠流。
黃貞蓉（2005）。異性戀大學生的愛情樂章：性別觀點的分析。國立高雄師範大學性別教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
黃鈴媚、江中信、葉蓉慧(譯)(2007)。Verderber著。人際關係與溝通。台北：前程文化。
羅世宏、蔡欣怡、薛丹琦（譯）（2008）。W.B.Martin,Gaskel著。質性研究資料分析。台北：五南。
吳佳綺譯(2010)。G.R.Gibbs著。質性資料的分析。台北：韋伯文化。
吳孟軒（2006）。部落客網路書寫之自我揭露與人際關係之研究。中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。
吳芝儀、李奉儒譯(譯)(2008)。M.Q.Patton著。研究與評鑑。台北：濤石文化。
李政賢（譯）（2006）。Catherine Marshall Gretchen B.Rossman 著。質性研究設計與計畫撰寫。台北：五南。
李宜貞（2004）。人際關係自我揭露、娛樂性資訊尋求與網路貼圖行為之研究」。中國文化大學新聞研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。
高淑清（2008）。質性研究的18堂課首航初探之旅。台北：麗文文化。
梁婉玲（譯）（2010）。Ｕ.Flicks著。質性研究的品質控管。台北：韋伯文化。
楊牧貞、黃光國(1980)。自我揭露的楔型模式及其相關變項。中華心理學刊，26(1)
   ，51-70。
蔡文輝(1994)。社會學理論。台北：三民。
蔡明璋（譯）（2002）。A.Jamieson著。親密關係：現代社會的私人關係。台北：
   群學。
二、英文部分
Acitelli,L.K. , Douvan,E.,& Veroff , J.(1993).Perceptions of conflict in the first year of marriage: How important are similarity and understanding? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,10,5-9.

Altman, I. & Taylor,D.A.(1973). Socialpentration :The Development of Of interpersonal relationships. New York,Holt Rinehart :Winstorn.

Byer,E.S. & Demmons,S.(2006).Further validation of the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction.Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy,32,53-69.

 Byer, E.S.(2005). Relationship Satisfaction and Sexual Satisfaction: A longitudinal study of indiduals in long-term relationships.The Journal Of Sex Research,42(2), 113-118. 

Byer,E.S. & Demmons,S.(1999).Sexual satisfaction and sexual self-disclosure. The Journal of Sex Research,,36(2),180-189.
Byer,E.S. & Demmons, S.(1998).Sexual satisfifaction with in dating
  Relationships:A test of the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfication.Journalof Social and Person　Relationships,15,257-267.

Byer, E.S., Demmons, S., & Lawrance, K. (1998). Sexual satisfaction with in dating Relationships: A test of interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction. Jour
     nal of Social and Personal Relationships,15, 257-267.

Bailey,C.A.,Jill Kiecolt, & K.,Bayer, A.E.(2002). An exploration of eight dimensions
  of self-disclosure with relationship satisfaction.  Viginia Polytechnic Institute and 
  State University, pp.1-40.
Bancroft, J. (2002). Biological factors in human sexuality. Journal of Sex Research,
  39(1),15-21.
Baron,R.M., & Kenny,D.A.(1986).The moderator-mediator variable distinection in social psychology research: Conceptual,Strategic,and Statisfical considerations Journal of Personality and Socail Psychology,51,1173-1182.
Creswell, J.W.(1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design : Chossing among five
  Tradtion. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
 Cupach,W.R. & Metts,S.(1991).Sexuality and communication in close relationships. In K.McKinny&S.Sprecher(Eds.),Sexualityin close Relationships (pp.93-110).Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Hammersley M. (1989). The dilemma of qualitative method: Herber Blumer and the Chicago tradition. New York: Routledge Press. 
 Fuqua, D.R., & Buhrke.R.A.(1987). Sex difference in same and cross sex supportive
   Relationships.Sex Roles, 17(5-6), 339-352.
 Haavio-Mannila, E. & Kontula, O.(1997).What increases sexual satisfaction? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26(4), 1-31.
 Herold, E.D., & Way. L.(1988).Sexual self-disclosure among university women. The Journal of Sex Research,24, 1-14.
Janice Hiller (2005), Gender differences in sexual motivation. Practicing Medicine, 2(3), 339–345.
Lawrence, K., & Byers, E.S. (1995). Sexual satisfaction in long-term heterosexual relationship: The interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction. Personal
Relationships, 2, 267-285.

MacNeil.S. & Byer.E.S.(2009).Role of Sexual Self-Disclosure in the
    Sexual Satisfaction of Long-Terrm Heterosexual Couples.Journal of Sex Research,46(1),3-14.  
  
MacNeil.S.&Byer.E.S.(2005).Dyadicassessment of sexual self-disclosure and sexual satisfication in herosexual dating relationship.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,22,169-181.

Metz, M.E., & McCarthy(2007).The Good-Enough Sex model for couple sexual satisfaction. Sexual and Relationship Therapy,22(3),351-362.

Meeks,B.S., Hendrick,S.S., & Hendrick,C.(1998).Communication,love , and
Relationship satisfaction.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,(15),755-773.

Merriam, S. B.(1988).Case study research in education. Thousand Oaks, CA: 
    Jossey-Bass. 

Morgan, B.S.(1976). Intimacy of disclosure topics and sex difference in self-disclosure.
  Sex Roles,2(2),161-166.

Oatte, M.K., & Offman, A. (2007).Global self-esteem and sexual self-esteem
 As predictors of sexual communication in intimate relationships. The Canadian of Human Sexuality,16(3-4),89-100.

 O’Sullivan,L.F.,& Byers, E.S.(1992).College students’incorporation of initiator and restrictor roles in sexual dating interactions.Journal of Sex Research, 29, 435-446.

 Patrick, S. & Beckenbach,J. (2009). Male perceptions of intimacy : a qualitative study. The Journal of Men’s Studies,17(1),47-56.

Papini,D.R., Snell,Jr.W.E.,Belk, S.S., & Clark,S.(2001). Chapter12:Developmental
  Correlates of woman’s and men’s sexual self-disclosure. In W.E.Snell,Jr.(Eds.), New Directions in the psychology of human sexuality: Research and theory. Cape  Girardeau,MO: Snell publications.WEB:
  http://cstl-cla.semo.edu/snell/books/sexuality/sexuality.htm.

Purine,D.M. & Carey, M.P.(1998). Age and gender differences in sexual behavior
   Preference :A follow-up report. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 24(2),93-102.

Prager & Karen.(1989) Intimacy status and couple communication. Journal of Social
  and Personal Relationships, 6 , 435-449.

Rice,R.E.(1993).Media appropriateness: Using social presence theory to compare traditional and new organizational media Human Communication Research,19(4),  451-484.

Rubin, Zick, & Charles. T.(Eds.). (1980). Self-disclosure in dating couples: Sex roles
  And the ethic of openness. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42, 350-317.

Simms,D.C., & Byers,E.S.(2009).Interpersonal perception of desired frequency of sexual behaviours. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality,18(1-2),15-25.

Sprecher, S.(2002).Sexual satisfaction in premarital relationships: Associations with
  Satisfaction,love,commitment,and stability.Journal of Sex Research, 39(2),190-196.

Sprecher, S.(1998).Social exchange theories and sexuality. The Journal of Sex Research ,35(1),32-43.

Sanderson, C.A., Cantor, N., & Evan, S.M.(2001).Seeing one’s partner through intimacy-colored glasses: An examination of the processes underlying the intimacy goals-relationship satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 463-473.

Sanderson, C.A., & Cantor ,N.(1997).Creating satisfaction in steady dating      relationships: The role of personal goals and situational affordances.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1424-1433.

Snell.Jr.W.E.,Belk.S.S.,Papini.D.R., & Clark.S.(1989).Development and validation of the sexual self-disclosure scale.Annals of sex research,2,307-334.

Snell, W. E., Jr., & Belk, S. S. (1987, April). Sexual self-disclosure to female and male therapists. Annual meeting of the Southwestern Psychological Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Vera,E.M., & Betz, N.E.(1992).Relationships of self-regard and affective self-disclosure to relationship satisfaction in college students. Journal of College Student Development, 33 , 422-430.