本論文以穿戴裝置 "光學式心率" 及 "心率變異" 並輔以 "加速規 (Accelerometer)" 偵測身體動量，結合腦波信號放大記錄模組分析入睡品質。並提出以 "t(LFPmin) 開始睡眠至心率變異LFP(Low Frequency Power)參數的最低點時間" 做為評估入睡品質之參考。
    醫學上以 "睡眠多項生理檢查(Polysomnography / PSG)"為分析睡眠分析的標準。 PSG結合多種檢驗設備，藉由專科醫師的經驗判斷，可分析睡眠狀態及睡眠障礙。但是複雜連接身體的導線與許多測試設備往往影響睡眠品質，且需專科醫師診斷，難以在居家生活中使用。
    Accelerometer (三軸G sensor) 手環/手錶偵測睡眠的原理是觀察受測者的手部晃動狀態。然而一般人在沉睡時身體應該是極度放鬆，因此身體不應該有任何移動或變化。而手部為身體的一部分，故以偵測手部動作取代偵測全部身體的晃動。手部長時間未晃動甚至長時間未曾改變姿勢，則代表進入熟睡。但受測者可能手部長時間未晃動，可是腳晃動如此造成以加速規偵測睡眠的方法並不準確。
    本論文提出以穿戴裝置 "光學式心率"之心率變異的LFP參數做為評估入睡品質監測之參考。輔以EEG腦波資料與睡眠期間心率變異資料，進而可更準確的判斷睡眠品質，做為改善睡眠品質之依據。

The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) wearable device and Accelerometer with body activity information using the brainwave recording module can analyze the sleep quality through the parameter, t(LFPmin), defined as the start time for deep sleep. The t(LFPmin) can be obtained from one of the HRV parameters, LFP. Using the information from the HRV wearable device and  Accelerometer, we can find the time difference between the LFPmin and the  body activity stable signal as t(LFPmin). The body activity stable signal via the acclelerometer bracelet/ watch can represent the status entering the extremely relaxed during sleep. The duration of the body activity stable should not be any physical movement or change.
 
The standard sleep analysis, Polysommnography (PSG) should ultilize a lot of testing equipments to bring sleep disorders via the body’s complex wire connection for a number of test equipments. The PSG analysis is difficult to use in the daily life’s sleep analysis.

The LFP(Low Frequency Power) of HRV parameter can be used as a reference to determine the quality of sleep. Using the EEG brainwave data and heart rate variability information during sleep, we can analyze the sleep status for improving the quality of sleep.

目錄
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	I
中文摘要	II
英文摘要	III
目錄	IV
圖目錄	VI
表目錄	X
第一章 睡眠品質研究與心率變異、PPG	1
技術之簡介	1
1.1 研究動機	1
1.2 入睡品質研究簡介	3
1.2.1 睡眠多項生理檢查 PSG	5
1.2.2 Activity 睡眠週期偵測	6
1.2.3 睡眠腦波簡介	7
1.2.4 論文研究設備簡介	9
1.2.4.1 PPG1717	9
1.2.4.2 DAQ100	11
1.3 HRV與 PRV技術簡介	13
1.3.1 HRV 介紹	13
1.3.2 HRV-ECG介紹	14
1.3.3 PRV-PPG介紹	15
1.3.3.1 PRV時域分析法	18
1.3.3.2 PRV頻域分析法	18
第二章 穿戴裝置與系統之設計	20
2.1 PRV-PPG穿戴裝置與系統之設計	20
2.1.1 PRV-PPG穿戴裝置之設計	22
2.1.2 PRV-PPG穿戴系統之設計	23
2.2 PPG穿戴裝置與系統之實測	24
2.2.1 靜態PPG穿戴裝置與系統之實測驗證	24
2.2.2 動態PPG穿戴裝置與系統之實測驗證	25
第三章 睡眠之PRV-PPG系統實測簡介	29
3.1 睡眠腦波實測方法簡介	29
3.1.1 睡眠腦波實測環境說明	31
3.1.2 實測腦波之結果	33
第四章 入睡品質監測分析	36
4.1 入睡品質監測分析之流程	36
4.2 PRV-PPG與睡眠腦波實測結果分析	39
第五章 總結與貢獻	51
第六章 未來研究	52
參考文獻	53 
圖目錄
圖 1 1. 本論文之系統架構	2
圖 1 2. 睡眠階段分類[11]	4
圖 1 3. 睡眠多項生理檢查示意圖[12]	5
圖 1 4. 市場上各種測試活動量的手環產品	6
圖 1 5. 腦波儀設備[16]	7
圖 1 6. EEG量測電極位置圖	8
圖 1 7. 與睡眠週期有關之四個單導層腦波[17]	8
圖 1 8. 心動生技股份有限公司PPG1717模組實體圖	9
圖1 9. 心動生技開發之PPG1717模組系統架構圖	9
圖1 10. PPG1717模組測得之PPG波形	10
圖1 11. PPG1717量測錶正面	10
圖1 12. PPG1717量測錶背面圖	10
圖1 13. DAQ100 產品實體圖	11
圖1 14. DAQ100模組測量單導層腦波波形	11
圖1 15. 使用DAQ100量測腦波之正面示意圖	12
圖1 16. 使用DAQ100量測腦波之側面示意圖	12
圖1 17. 光學式睡眠手環應用於大數據雲端資料分析系統	12
圖1 18. HRV量測波形之RRI參數[22]	13
圖1 19. HRV量測之靜態RR速度圖[2]	14
圖1 20. HRV量測之頻域分析圖[2]	14
圖1 21. 連續時間HRV計算過程[2][18]	14
圖1 22. HRV Flow Chart[2]	15
圖1 23. 連續時間PRV計算過程[2][18]	16
圖1 24. PRV Flow chart [2]	16
圖1 25. ECG與PPG在量測心率變異之結果比較圖[30]	17
圖2 1. 12導層心電圖 [31]	20
圖2 2. 穿透式PPG量測示意圖[35]	21
圖2 3. 反射式PPG量測示意圖[35]	21
圖2 4. PPG訊號量測之Forward Wave與Reflect Wave示意圖[35]	21
圖2 5. 反射式PPG量測在人體皮膚之作用狀況示意圖[35]	21
圖2 6. 穿戴過緊訊號變差	22
圖2 7. 穿戴過鬆訊號ok	22
圖2 8. 穿戴過鬆甩手滑動訊號	22
圖2 9. PPG wrist正確配戴方式	22
圖2 10. 配戴過鬆	22
圖2 11. 配戴鬆緊度適宜	22
圖2 12. PPG1717天線設計配置	23
圖2 13. 具有手腕穿戴的效應	23
圖2 14. 空機測試	23
圖 2 15. 跑步機測試狀況	24
圖2 16. 跑步機測試PPG錶配戴位置	24
圖2 17. 40秒靜態PPG1717與市面販售之心率帶分析比較資料	25
圖2 18. 631秒動態PPG與市面販售之心率帶的比較資料	26
圖2 19. 807秒動態PPG與市面販售之心率帶的比較資料	27
圖2 20. 733秒動態PPG與市面販售之心率帶的比較資料	28
圖3 1. 睡眠腦波量測貼片位置(fpz)	30
圖3 2. 睡眠腦波量測貼片位置(a1)	30
圖3 3. 睡眠腦波量測貼片位置(fp1)	30
圖3 4. 睡眠腦波量測貼片位置(a1)	30
圖3 5. 睡眠腦波實測環境配置圖	31
圖3 6. 睡眠腦波實測環境圖	31
圖3 7. 椅子上戴帽子午睡腦波實測(1)	32
圖3 8. 椅子上戴帽子午睡腦波實測(2)	32
圖3 9. 受測者一之晚間睡眠紀錄時間：5小時31分鐘(19860秒)	33
圖3 10. 受測者一之午休睡眠紀錄時間：21分鐘32秒(1292秒)	34
圖3 11. 受測者二之午休睡眠紀錄時間：23分鐘20秒(1400秒)	35
圖4 1. 靜止檢查與Global_LFPmin流程圖	36
圖4 2. 偵測各個Local_LFPmin 流程圖	38
圖4 3. 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	39
圖4 4.受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	40
圖4 5. 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	41
圖 4 6. 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	42
圖4 7. 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	43
圖4 8. 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	44
圖 4 9. 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	45
圖 4 10. 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	46
圖 4 11 . 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	47
圖4 12. 受測者一之睡眠記錄波形	48
圖4 13. Global Minimum = Local Minimum	49
圖4 14. Global Minimum ≠ Local Minimum	50
圖4 15. Global Minimum(K+3th)≠ Local Minimum Kth, K+1th, K+2th	50

 
表目錄
表1 1. PPG1717模組規格	10
表1 2. DAQ100 模組規格	11
表1 3. HRV量測時域變數表[2]	18
表1 4. HRV量測頻域分析變數表[2]	19

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