太陽能驅動薄膜海水淡化系統，藉由太陽能集熱器和薄膜蒸餾裝置增加純水的生產。這在技術上和經濟上可行的系統設計使用間接太陽能驅動薄膜蒸餾系統，以克服太陽輻射從日出到日落的供應不穩定。太陽能驅動薄膜海水淡化系統內部設備有儲熱槽、熱交換器，氣隔式薄膜，以及太陽能集熱板。Aspen Custom Modeler（ACM）軟體用於模擬系統，並建立海水淡化廠內各單位的成本函數。在固定純水生產速率下已獲得最低得年總成本為目標從設計自由度（DOF）的分析發現系統有九個設計參數。對於固定太陽能日照量的典型夏季天氣，最小年成本花費於日照量為500W/m2。然後，我們在最適化的條件設計出提出兩種控制模式的海水淡化廠;白天與夜晚模式。為了增加工廠的可操作性，以敏感性分析來改造原有的設計點，藉由改變加熱流體的循環流量以降低太陽能集熱器出口溫。模擬結果為，不管晴天或是多雲系統皆能穩定的輸出淡水產量。

The solar heated membrane seawater desalination system is constructed of solar collectors and membrane distillation devices for increasing pure water productivity. This technically and economically feasible system is designed to use indirect solar heat to drive membrane distillation processes to overcome the unstable supply of solar radiation from sunrise to sunset. The solar heated membrane seawater desalination system in the present study consists of hot water storage devices, heat exchangers, air gap membrane distillation units, and solar collectors. Aspen Custom Molder (ACM) software is used to model and simulate each unit and establishes the cost function of a desalination plant. From Design degree of freedom (DOF) analysis, there are nine design parameters investigated here to obtain the minimum total annual cost (TAC) with fixed pure water production rate. For a given solar energy density profile of typical summer weather, the minimum TAC per 1m3 pure water production can be found at 500 W/m2 by varying the solar energy density. Then, we proposed two modes for controlling the optimal design condition of the desalination plant; day and night. In order to widen the operability range of the plant, the sensitivity analysis was used to retrofit the original design point to lower the effluent temperature from the solar collector by increasing the hot water recycled stream. The simulation results show that the pure water production can be maintained at a very stable level even in sunny or cloudy weather.

目錄
中文摘要	I
英文摘要	II
目錄	IV
圖目錄	VIII
表目錄	XI
第一章 緒論	1
1.1前言	1
1.2 文獻回顧	6
1.3 研究動機	9
1.4 論文組織與架構	9
第二章 系統描述	11
2.1 各項單元理論模式	13
2.1.1太陽能吸收板單元	13
2.1.2儲熱槽單元	16
2.1.3熱交換器單元	17
2.1.4氣隔式薄膜單元	19
2.2 各項單元經濟模式	26
2.2.1 設備成本	26
2.2.1.1 離心式幫浦成本	27
2.2.1.2 殼管式熱交換器	28
2.2.1.3 電加熱器成本	29
2.2.1.4 薄膜	30
2.2.1.5 太陽能集熱板	30
2.2.2 公用操作成本	30
2.3 總成本	31
第三章 最適化設計	32
3.1設計自由度(Degree of freedom)分析	32
3.2最適化方法	38
3.3最適化結果	40
3.4 靈敏度分析	50
3.4.1.海水進流量	50
3.4.2.循環流體流量	50
3.4.3 儲熱槽進流量	54
第四章 控制系統	55
4.1 控制策略1(Control structure 1(CS1))	55
4.1.1控制器參數求解與設定	58
4.1.2控制結果	61
4.2 改善設計方法	62
4.2.1 溫度設計點改善 	62
4.2.1.1薄膜面積	62
4.2.1.2太陽能集熱板面積	64
4.2.1.3熱交換器面積	64
4.2.1.4海水進流量	65
4.2.1.5循環流體流量	66
4.3 控制策略2(Control structure 1(CS2))	67
4.3.1靈敏度分析	68
4.3.1.1海水進流量	68
4.3.1.2循環流體流量	68
4.3.1.3 儲熱槽進流量	69
4.3.2 控制器參數求解與設定	76
4.3.3控制結果	76
4.3.4 連續48小時控制結果	83
4.4 系統性能	83
4.4.1 春天與秋天	83
4.4.2 夏天	86
4.4.3 冬天	86
4.4.4 晴天	86
4.4.5 多雲	86
第五章 結論	92
符號說明	94
相關文獻	99
附錄	104

圖目錄
圖1.1 薄膜蒸餾結構(a)直接接觸式(b)氣隔式(C)氣掃式(d)真空式	3
圖1.2 太陽能驅動薄膜海水淡化系統設計圖	6
圖1.3 各種海水淡化方法能耗比較表	7
圖1.4 薄膜蒸餾能耗比較	7
圖2.1 太陽能驅動薄膜蒸餾海水淡化系統流程圖	12
圖2.2 太陽能吸收板結構與各變數之示意圖	13
圖2.3 儲熱槽結構與各變數之示意圖	16
圖2.4 熱交換器結構與各變數之示意圖	18
圖2.5 氣隔式薄膜結構與各變數之示意圖	21
圖2.6 電加熱器成本	29
圖3.1 Feasible path approach	39
圖3.2 最適化結果各物流溫度與流量及設備大小與日照量關係	44
圖3.3 最適化結果設備成本與日照量關係	45
圖3.4 薄膜兩側冷熱物流溫差	46
圖3.5日照量分佈曲線	46
圖3.6總蒸餾量	47
圖3.7 投資成本/總蒸餾量	47
圖3.8 太陽能驅動薄膜海水淡化系統整廠成本最適化結果	48
圖3.9 氣格式薄膜示意圖(a)單一 (b)多組	49
圖3.10 各物流溫度、流量、產量與海水流量關係圖	52
圖3.11 各物流溫度、流量、產量與循環流量關係圖	53
圖3.12 熱交換器入口溫度與儲熱槽流量關係圖	54
圖4.1 控制策略1流程圖	56
圖4.2 控制策略1白天流程圖	58
圖4.3控制策略1夜晚流程圖	59
圖4.4控制策略1 TC1控制參數調諧	60
圖4.5 控制策略1 TC2控制參數調諧	61
圖4.6 控制策略1控制結果	63
圖4.7熱交換器入口溫度、產量與成本薄膜面積關係圖	64
圖4.8熱交換器入口溫度、產量與成本太陽能集熱板面積關係	64
圖4.9熱交換器入口溫度、產量與成本與熱交換器面積關係圖	65
圖4.10熱交換器入口溫度、產量與成本與海水流量關係圖	66
圖4.11熱交換器入口溫度、產量與成本與循環流量關係圖	66
圖4.12增加10倍循環流量	67
圖4.13控制策略2系統流程圖	70
圖4.14各物流溫度、流量、產量與海水流量關係圖	71
圖4.15各物流溫度、流量、產量與循環流量關係圖	72
圖4.16循環端熱交換器入口溫度與儲熱槽進流量關係圖	73
圖4.17控制策略2 系統白天有日照輻射流程圖	76
圖4.18控制策略2 系統夜晚無日照輻射流程圖	77
圖4.19控制策略2控制參數調諧	77
圖4.20白天操作結果	78
圖4.21儲熱槽體積與儲熱溫度關係	79
圖4.22儲熱槽體積與儲熱溫度關係之二	80
圖4.23操作時間與蒸餾速率	80
圖4.24 總蒸餾量與操作時間	81
圖4.25 夜晚控制結果	82
圖4.26 連續操作48小時結果	84
圖4.27 日照量(a)春天(b)夏天(c)秋天(d)冬天	85
圖4.28 日照量(a)晴天(b)多雲	85
圖4.29 春天與秋天控制結果	87
圖4.30夏天控制結果	88
圖4.31冬天控制結果	89
圖4.32晴天控制結果	90
圖4.33多雲控制結果	91

表目錄
表2.1 集熱器尺寸與參數設定	15
表2.2 儲熱槽尺寸與參數設定	17
表2.3 熱交換器尺寸與參數設定	19
表2.4 氣格式薄膜尺寸與參數設定	26
表3.1 太陽能集熱板、熱交換器及加熱器方程式及變數數目之匯整表	34
表3.2 儲熱槽、氣隔式薄膜方程式及變數數目之匯整表表	35
表3.3 最適化結果設備尺寸	48
表3.4最適化結果各物流溫度與流量	49
表4.1 控制策略1系統控制配對表	57
表4.2 控制策略2系統控制配對表之一	74
表4.3 控制策略2系統控制配對表之二	75

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