人們想提高生活品質的想法造就了物聯網時代的來臨，如何更容易地取得想要的感測資料，以及更有效率地管理設備也成為物聯網實作的重要主題。為了管理裝置，傳統網路環境我們會對所有裝置配置名為IP的數字標籤，而鑒於IPv4數量逐漸枯竭，IPv6技術將取代之成為網路上用於識別個體的新依據。再者，物聯網設備還有另一項不可忽視的問題 - 電池耗能。環境感測器每次在充完電或更換電池之後必須工作很長一段時間，若期間能源耗盡感測服務即失去功用。在本篇論文中，我們使用了IPv6結合藍牙低功耗（Bluetooth Low Energy，縮寫為BLE）技術，讓感測器網路內設備可以相互溝通且達到低耗能的效果。同時實做出異質網路閘道器，以達成與網際網路結合的目標。並且在IPv6基礎上使用MQTT與MQTT-SN應用層協議向用戶提供推播、訂閱服務，以期達到感測器設備主動向客戶提供訂閱訊息的效果。整合以上各項技術，我們預期做出一個以IPv6作為設備辨別依據，以求管理智慧化的藍牙低功耗環境資訊蒐集系統

Due to the desire of improvement on quality of life, people are expecting to enter the new era of Internet of Things (IoT). How to obtain data from a great number of sensors and manage them effectively have become one of the important challenges we need to conquer. Because of the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses, IPv6 is designed to replace IPv4 as the new identity of devices connected to the Internet. There is another challenge for IoT – power consumption. If a battery-operated IoT device runs out of power, it will stop working. In this thesis, we combine IPv6 with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to build a low-power wireless local area network. We also develop a heterogeneous gateway, which can integrate BLE device with other smart objects over either wired or wireless communications. By using Raspberry Pi 3 development boards as the BLE nodes and the gateway, on top of them we have deployed Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and MQTT-Sensor Network (MQTT-SN) application protocols to transport sensor data using the publish/subscribe model. We expect that many intelligent IoT applications can be built over our prototype system based on IPv6/BLE

目錄
第 1 章 緒論	1
1.1	研究背景與動機	1
1.2	研究目的	2
第 2 章 技術背景與相關研究	5
2.1	低功耗藍牙( Bluetooth Low Energy )	5
2.2	IPv6	7
2.3	6LoWPAN	10
2.4	MQTT 與 MQTT-SN	13
第 3 章 實驗架構	17
3.1	實驗說明	17
3.2	實驗架構圖	18
3.3	網路架構圖	19
3.4	系統作業流程	20
第 4 章 系統實作與功能展示	23
4.1	使用情境	23
4.2	節點需求	23
4.3	建立IPv6 over BLE連線	25
4.4	MQTT服務	34
4.4.1	Mosquitto	34
4.4.2	mqtt-sn-tools	36
4.4.3	RSMB - Really Small Message Broker	37
4.4.4	Quality of Service (QoS)	40
4.4.5	Broker設定檔	43
4.5	感測節點設計	45
4.6	Web server設計	46
4.7	網路資料庫	50
4.8	封包分析	51
第 5 章 結論與未來展望	56
5.1	結論	56
5.2	未來展望	57
參考文獻	58
附錄 – 英文論文	61

圖目錄
圖 2 1藍牙4.0 堆疊	6
圖 2 2 IPv6 over BLE 堆疊	7
圖 2 3 6LoWPAN 表頭架構	11
圖 2 4 6LoWPAN 來源端位址表示法示意圖	12
圖 2 5 6LoWPAN 目的端位址表示法示意圖	13
圖 2 6 MQTT協議運作圖	14
圖 3 1實驗架構圖	18
圖 3 2網路架構圖	19
圖 3 3 BLE連線建立流程圖	21
圖 3 4 IPv6鄰居探索協議流程圖	22
圖 4 1 BLE從設備發送廣播封包等待連線	26
圖 4 2建立一般BLE連線以及此時的網路介面	27
圖 4 3掛載bluetooth_6LoWPAN並開啟功能(Linux kernel 4.1以後版本)	29
圖 4 4掛載bluetooth_6LoWPAN並開啟功能 (Linux kernel 4.0以前版本)	29
圖 4 5設置radvd路由規則	30
圖 4 6 6LBR搜尋到6LN的廣播	31
圖 4 7 6LBR與6LN產生bt0網路介面	32
圖 4 8 6LBR與6LN設定Global位址	33
圖 4 9 6LN對Google DNS server發出Ping封包	34
圖 4 10 Mosquitto 推播指令使用方法與可設定參數	35
圖 4 11 Mosquitto 訂閱指令使用方法與可設定參數	36
圖 4 12 RSMB 執行畫面	37
圖 4 13 Mosquitto推播訊息至RSMB	38
圖 4 14 Mosquitto從RSMB訂閱訊息	39
圖 4 15 MQTT QoS 0 流程圖	40
圖 4 16 MQTT QoS 1 執行順序與流程圖	41
圖 4 17 MQTT QoS 2 執行順序與流程圖	42
圖 4 18 RSMB 設定檔	44
圖 4 19實際設備圖	45
圖 4 20 Raspberry Pi與感測器連接	45
圖 4 21 Express.js 架構圖	47
圖 4 22網頁即時資料圖	48
圖 4 23網頁歷史資料圖	49
圖 4 24 Firebase資料庫畫面	51
圖 4 25封包架構圖	52
圖 4 26 tcpdump指令與參數	53
圖 4 27 Tcpdump封包截取 - IPv6表頭	53
圖 4 28 Tcpdump封包截取 - UDP表頭	54
圖 4 29 Tcpdump封包截取 - MQTT-SN封包	54
圖 4 30 MQTT-SN - PUBLISH封包結構	55
圖 4 31 Wireshark擷取L2CAP封包	55

表目錄
表 2 1 MQTT與MQTT-SN比較圖	15
表 4 1 Raspberry Pi 3	24
表 4 2 Broker可設定參數表	43

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https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7668

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[24] 	Wireshark, http://www.tcpdump.org/tcpdump_man.html, last access July 17, 2017

[25] 	W. Yoon, K. Kwon, M. Ha and D. Kim, "Transfer IPv6 packets over Bluetooth Low Energy with ensuring emergency data transmission," 2016 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), Ha Long, 2016, pp. 136-141. 

[26] 	J. Yim, S. Kim, N. K. Kim and Y. B. Ko, "IPv6 based real-time acoustic data streaming service over Bluetooth Low Energy," 2015 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM), Victoria, BC, 2015, pp. 269-273.

[27] 	H. W. Kang, C. M. Kim and S. J. Koh, "ISO/IEEE 11073-Based Healthcare Services over IoT Platform Using 6LoWPAN and BLE: Architecture and Experimentation," 2016 International Conference on Networking and Network Applications (NaNA), Hakodate, 2016, pp. 313-318.
, 2016