冷戰的結束，非傳統安全的重要性隨之受到國際的關注，烏克蘭身為俄羅斯天然氣運往歐洲最大過境國，除了亞馬爾-歐洲天然氣管線以外，俄羅斯通往歐洲80%的天然氣皆通過烏克蘭，因此地緣位置的重要性被俄歐兩國重視，俄羅斯也一直將烏克蘭視為本國的勢力範圍，因此兩國的關係為俄羅斯所重視。
在歷經2006年與2009年俄羅斯兩次切斷通往烏克蘭的天然氣事件，歐盟皆深受斷氣事件的影響，並且在衝突當中扮演協調者的角色，促使俄羅斯與烏克蘭盡快解決斷氣的紛爭，恢復對歐洲各國的天然氣供應。俄羅斯、烏克蘭、歐盟無論是生產國、過境過、或進口國都面臨不同的能源挑戰，並且呈現相互依賴的關係，本文希望藉由對俄烏天然氣爭議的探討，了解俄羅斯與烏克蘭的外交與能源關係。
有鑑於此，本文透過文獻分析法，來探究俄羅斯對近鄰國家的外交與能源政策、烏克蘭的國內政治與對俄關係、以及歐盟在衝突中扮演的角色。根據本文的研究，發現俄羅斯透過管線的多樣化政策，積極的加強國內能源的供應穩定與減少天然氣過境烏克蘭，而烏克蘭一直存在親俄與親西兩種勢力，不同的意識形態為烏克蘭帶來不同的外交政策方針，國內能源公司與政府的立場不一是加劇斷氣事件的主要原因，身為俄羅斯最大天然氣客戶的歐盟，藉由烏克蘭想加入北約與歐盟的政治傾向，與俄羅斯能源出口的依賴，在其中扮演協調者的角色。本文研究的結果認為，俄羅斯並無藉由天然氣的供應，影響烏克蘭的內政。

With the end of cold war, non-traditional security under which the economic issue is categorized has come into international notice. As the Russia’s biggest transit country to Europe, Ukraine is of geographical importance which transited 80% natural gas of Russia aside from Yamal-pipeline to Europe. As a result, Russia and Europe still keep a close eye on Ukraine in terms of geographical views. Ukraine was viewed as Russia’s home turf, so the latter attaches much importance on bilateral relationship.      
Two cases made a great effect upon European Union. One was the Russia’s natural gas cut to Ukraine in 2006 and the other was in 2009. In these two disputes, European Union played the so-called coordinator role and urged both Russia and Ukraine settle the disputes as well as restored the natural gas supply to EU nations. Russia, Ukraine and Europe form interdependent networks, and thus the production-oriented country, import-oriented country, and the transit country are facing different challenges in regard to energy issues. The purpose of this thesis is to realize Russia’s foreign policy towards Ukraine with regard to energy issues, and explore the gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine. 
Therefore, secondary data and official documents were culled to discuss Russia’s foreign policy towards its adjacent countries on energy issues, and the transformation of EU’s role in the gas dispute. The research has found that Russia positively strengthened domestic energy supply, and decreased a large amount of gas transit in Ukraine where there has been two factions representing Russian bloc and West bloc. However, different ideologies bring about the weather vane of foreign policy. Domestic companies and governmental stances are not the main reasons for Russia to cut the gas supply. As the chief client of Russia, EU played coordinator role mainly because of the Ukrainian political milieu to register the membership in EU and Russian intent to find a way out for export. Finally, Russia didn’t try to influence the domestic affairs of Ukraine via gas supply.

目錄
目錄	i
圖表目錄	ii
第壹章 緒論	1
第一節 研究動機與目的	1
第二節 文獻述評	6
第三節 研究途徑與方法	16
第四節 研究範圍與限制	25
第五節 研究架構與章節安排	27
第貳章 俄羅斯與近鄰國家外交暨能源關係	29
第一節 俄羅斯對近鄰國家的外交策略	29
第二節 俄羅斯的能源戰略	36
第三節 俄羅斯與烏克蘭的外交關係	47
第四節 小結	54
第叁章 俄羅斯與烏克蘭天然氣事件之演變	55
第一節 俄羅斯與烏克蘭能源關係	55
第二節 2006年天然氣爭議之分析	62
第三節 2009年天然氣事件之探討	70
第四節 小結	78
第肆章 歐盟在俄烏天然氣爭議之角色	79
第一節 歐盟能源發展與局限性	79
第二節 歐盟與俄羅斯的能源關係	85
第三節 歐盟在俄烏爭議的角色與反應	90
第四節 小結	95
第伍章 結論	97
第一節 研究發現	97
第二節 後續研究建議	103
參考文獻	104

圖表目錄
圖目錄
圖1-1 研究架構圖  27
圖2-1 北流管線圖  40
圖2-2 南流管線圖  42
圖2-3 亞馬爾─歐洲天然氣管線圖  44
圖2-4 藍流管線圖  45

表目錄
表2-1 2004年烏克蘭總統大選得票結果  51
表2-2 2004年烏克蘭總統大選尤先科與亞努柯維奇各區得票率  52
表3-1 1996-2004年俄羅斯運往烏克蘭天然氣總量  58
表3-2 2006年烏克蘭國會選舉  67
表3-3 2009年1月1-6日俄羅斯過境烏克蘭的天然氣  72
表4-1 2007年歐盟成員國自俄羅斯進口天然氣量與所占比例  80
表4-2 2009年歐洲七國天然氣儲量  93

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http://www.eprinc.org/pdf/gazprom-ukrainedeux.pdf>(22.04.2010).

“Russia and the European Union After the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement 
(PCA): a Period of Uncertainty or a New Political Strategy?” <www.foreignpolicy.it/file_adon/morini.doc.> (01.05.2009).

“Russia Doubles Gas Price for Armenia,” Rianovosti,
<http://en.rian.ru/russia/20060401/45066516.html>(12.07.2010).

“Russia Timeline,” BBS news,
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1113655.stm>(20.10.2010).

“Russia Cuts Gas Supply to Estonia in a Protest,” The New York Times,
<http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/26/world/russia-cuts-gas-supply-to-estonia-in-a-protest.html>(31.04.2010).

“Russia's Gas Attack on Ukraine: an Uneasy,” WebMemo, 
<http://www.heritage.org/Research/RussiaandEurasia/wm954.cfm>(12.04.2009).

“Russia and Ukraine Remain Tetchy Despite Storage Agreement,” Gas Matters,
<http://www.gasstrategies.com/publications/gas-matters/50617 >(11.03.2010).

“Russia Vows to End Gas Shortage.” BBC News Website, 
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4575726.stm>(14.12.2010).

“Russia, Belarus Play War Together,” Globalpost, 
<http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/russia/091005/russia-belarus-war-games>
(24.03.2011)

“Russia, Armenia Strengthen Military Ties,” RT, 
<http://rt.com/politics/medvedev-armenia-military-security/>(23.02.2011).

Stern, Jonathan, “The Russian-Ukrainian Gas Crisis of January 2006,” Oxford Instute 
For Energy Studies, <http://www.oxfordenergy.org/pdfs/comment_0106.pdf > (30.12.2009).

Sauvageot, Eric Pardo, “The Second Energy Crisis in Ukraine in 2009: 
Russo-Ukrainian,” UCM University,
<http://www.jhubc.it/ecpr-porto/virtualpaperroom/033.pdf>(22.02.2011).

Stern, Jonathan, Pirani, Simon and Yafimava,Katja, “The Russo-Ukrainian Gas 
Dispute of January 2009: a Comprehensive Assessment,” Oxford Instute For Energy Studies,< http://www.oxfordenergy.org/pdfs/NG27.pdf>(18.03.2010).

Stern, Jonathan, “Future Gas Production in Russia:is the Concern about Lack of 
Investment Justified?” Oxford Instute For Energ Studies, <http://energypapers.com/node/2071>(15.05.2010).

Steven Woehrel, “Ukraine’s Political Crisis and U.S. Policy Issues,” Congressional 
Research Service,< http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32691.pdf>(31.05.2011).

“Ukraine Squeezed by Russia and Turkmen Gas Pricing Ambitions,” Gas Matters,
< http://www.gasstrategies.com/publications/gas-matters/55731>(30.10.2010).

“Ukraine's Dangerous Game,” Foreign Policy,< 
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/04/08/ukraines_dangerous_game>
(19.02.2010).

“Ukrainian Armed Forces to Implement Yushchenko’s Decree on Russian Ships,” 
Unian, <http://www.unian.net/eng/news/news-267228.html>(31.05.2011).

“Ukraine and Russia Reach Gas Deal,” BBC News, 
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4579648.stm>(14.12.2010).

“Ukraine Accused of Stealing Gas,” BBC News,
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7808465.stm>(11.01.2011).

“Update: Yanukovych to be Sworn in, Rival Fights on,” Kyivpost, <http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/59703/>(10.02.2011).

Woehrel, Steven, “Russian Energy Policy toward Neighboring 
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Wagstyl, Stefan, Roman Olearchyk, “Heat Rises in Russia-Ukraine Gas Talks ,” 
Financial times,
<http://www.ft.com/cms/s/787a705a-cb97-11dd-ba02-000077b07658,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F787a705a-cb97-11dd-ba02-000077b07658.html&_i_referer=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ft.com%2Fsearch%3FqueryText%3DHEAT%2BRISES%2BIN%2BRUSSIA-UKRAINE%2BGAS%2BTALKS%26ftsearchType%3Dtype_news>(10.01.2011).

“Yamal-Europe Pipeline,”
< http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3729866>(04.10.2010).

“Yamal – Europe Gas Pipeline,” Hydrocarbons-technology.com, 
<http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/yamal-europegaspipel/yama
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Zarakhovich, Yuri, “Russia and Ukraine's Annual Gas Spat,” Time, < 
http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1869451,00.html>(11.1.2011).

 
叁、俄文資料

一、官方文件

“Информацищнный бюллетень от 01. янворя 2009 г ,”﹝外交部2009年1月11日訊息公報﹞Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации,
<http://www.mid.ru/bl.nsf/78b919b523f2fa20c3256fa3003e36/cac5f720233f82a
bc32578420049115d?OpenDocument>(03.04.2009).

“Информационный бюллетень от 25 декабря 2009 г,”﹝外交部2009年12月25
日訊息公報﹞Министстерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, 
<http://www.mid.ru/bl.nsf/78b919b523f2fa20c3256fa3003e9536/0dda9e7377ca0a3bc325788123525eea?OpenDocument>(03.03..2010).

“Контракт о транзите российского газа + Допсоглашение об авансе "Газпрома",” 
﹝俄羅斯天然氣的過境合約+俄羅斯天然氣工業公司研究進展的附加協
議﹞раинская Правда,
<http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/4b1ab1647362c/>(12.01.2011).

“Концепция национальной безопасности Российской Федерации, ”﹝俄羅斯聯邦國家安全概念﹞Совет безопасности Российская Федерация, <http://www.scrf.gov.ru/documents/2/25.html >(01.05.2011).

“Концепция внешней политики Российской Федерации,”﹝俄羅斯聯邦外交概
念﹞Президеит России,<http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/785>(03.06.2011).

“Национальной безопасности Российской Федерации до 2020 года,”﹝俄羅斯聯邦至2020年國家安全﹞ Совет безопасности Российская Федерация, <http://www.scrf.gov.ru/documents/99.html>(03.10.2010).

“Энергетическая стратегия России на период до 2020 года, ”﹝俄羅斯至2020年
能源戰略﹞Минпромторг России,
<http://www.minprom.gov.ru/docs/strateg/1>(09.10.2010) 

“Энергетическая стратегия России на период до 2030 года, ”﹝俄羅斯至2030
年能源戰略﹞atomInfo.Ru,<http://www.atominfo.ru/files/strateg/strateg.htm>
(09.02.2010).

“Энергетическая дипломатия России 19/07/2005,” ﹝俄羅斯能源外交﹞ 
Министерство инострфнных дел России, 
<http://www.mid.ru/ns-dipecon.nsf/466c59993f439bf843256a0c003fb8c4/8bc9fec539eaca72c32570bd002c1684?OpenDocument>(25.01.2010). 

二、俄文專書

Погребинский, Михаил Борисович, (2005), Оранжевая революция: украиская 
версия, ﹝橙色革命：烏克蘭的觀點﹞Moskva : Европа.

三、網路資料

 “Газпром,” ﹝俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司﹞RSS HOBOCTИ, 
<http://file.liga.net/company/36.html>(21.04.2009). 

“Газпром, ”﹝俄羅斯天然氣工業有限公司﹞ЛIГА.net,
<http://file.liga.net/company/36.html> (21.04.2009).

“Медведев начал переговоры с главами Армении и Азербайджана” ﹝梅德維傑
夫與亞美尼亞以及亞塞拜然首腦進行會議﹞ВЗГРЯД, <http://vz.ru/search/?action=search&s_string=%C0%F0%EC%E5%ED%E8%FF++%D0%EE%F1%F1%E8%DF>(23.03.2011).

“Москва и Киев "сняли подозрения друг с друга, ”﹝莫斯科與基輔雙方消除彼此嫌隙﹞Би-би-си, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_4601000/4601020.stm>(16.12.2010).

“Производство, ” ﹝產量﹞Газпром,<http://www.gazprom.ru/production/>(20.08.2010).

“ Путин Проложил &laquo;Южный Поток&raquo;,”﹝普欽倡議南流管線﹞ВЗГРЯД, 
<http://vz.ru/economy/2009/3/10/263581.html>(21.04.2010).

“Путин требует, чтобы Украина платила рыночную цену за газ”﹝普欽要求烏克
蘭以市場價格支付天然氣﹞INO СМИ.RU, 
<http://www.inosmi.ru/translation/224185.html.> (31.04.2009).

“ Экспортные газопроводы Nord Stream и South Stream,”[北流和南流管線的天然
氣輸出]，East European Gas Analysis,
<http://www.eegas.com/export_plans_ru.htm >(27.04.2010).